{"id":1073,"date":"2024-08-19T17:54:18","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T21:54:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1073"},"modified":"2025-12-05T16:02:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:02:37","slug":"document-structure","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/chapter\/document-structure\/","title":{"raw":"Document Structure","rendered":"Document Structure"},"content":{"raw":"<img class=\"alignright wp-image-2112\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"166\" height=\"120\" \/>\r\n\r\nHeadings\u2014when created properly\u2014benefit all learners to indicate logical structure, create connections between key concepts, provide an overview of information, and act as navigational waypoints to chunk information and increase readability. However, headings are not created by changing the font formatting with larger or bold text alone. In Word, Headings must be created using <strong>Styles<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_2116\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"656\"]<img class=\"wp-image-2116 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsStyleGallery.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"656\" height=\"99\" \/> Screenshot of Styles gallery in Word for macOS.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Who headings affect<\/h2>\r\nReaders tend to skim through documents to gain an overview or find a specific section. Users who cannot see the document or have difficulty reading it can use assistive technology to browse in a similar way, provided a document has properly crafted headings.\r\n\r\nIf a document has no headings, or improperly created headings, users of assistive technology have to read line-by-line through the whole document to get to a specific point, instead of using headings to move to the section they need. Additionally, all users have no sense of overview, connections between topics, or hierarchy of information.\r\n<h2><a id=\"fix\"><\/a>How to fix missing headings<\/h2>\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-2105 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-DocumentStructure.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"399\" height=\"117\" \/>The Word Accessibility Assistant will flag <strong>No headings in document<\/strong> if a document over 10 pages does not have any headings. 10 pages is an arbitrary choice by Microsoft and headings should be included in any length of document that has distinct sections.\r\n\r\nCreate headings or apply heading styles to existing text by moving to the <strong>Home<\/strong> tab and using the <strong>Styles gallery<\/strong> to set headings.\r\n\r\nNote, the Word Accessibility Assistant does not check for proper use of headings and the appearance of a single heading, regardless of document length, satisfies the checker. <span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">To review heading structure in your document, go to\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">View<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> and check the <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Navigation Pane\u00a0<\/strong>checkbox.\r\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\r\n<img class=\"wp-image-2134 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-NavPane.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"406\" height=\"430\" \/>\r\n\r\nThe Navigation Pane will open on the left side of the document window. If you think you can see headings in your document, but the Headings list is empty, the document does not have headings.\r\n\r\nHeadings are displayed to indicate the nested hierarchy of headings in the document. Selecting a heading in the Headings list will take users to that place in the document. <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/word-accessibility-2\/#headings\">Headings can be reordered in the Navigation pane<\/a> to move the heading and all nested content.\r\n\r\nThe <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/word-accessibility-2\/#headings\">appearance of headings can be customized<\/a> to fit an aesthetic theme, colour scheme, or brand guidelines.\r\n\r\nA properly created heading structure can be <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/word-accessibility-2\/#toc\">automatically converted to a table of contents<\/a> for the document.\r\n<h2>How to prevent it next time<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_2122\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"301\"]<img class=\"wp-image-2122 \" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsWindows-e1734316405974.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"301\" height=\"307\" \/> Screenshot of Windows Styles gallery showing heading level options[\/caption]\r\n\r\nOn the <strong>Home<\/strong> tab use the <strong>Styles gallery<\/strong> to set headings.\r\n\r\nExisting text can be made into a heading by highlighting the text and selecting a heading level or a heading level can be chosen before starting a new line of content.\r\n\r\nStructure headings with a heading level 1 as the broadest, most important level, such as a title.\r\n\r\nUse heading level 2 for major sections under heading level 1.\r\n\r\nUse heading level 3 for subsections under preceding heading level 2.\r\n\r\nUse heading level 4 for subsections under preceding heading level 3.\r\n\r\nCreate a nested, sequential heading structure in which each nested heading contains related information and, if necessary, higher heading levels. Headings must be in sequential order. Do not skip a heading level when <strong>increasing<\/strong>, e.g., do not go from a heading 2 to a heading 4. Heading levels can be skipped when <strong>decreasing<\/strong>, for example when a subsection of a heading level 4 concludes, you can skip back to a heading level 2 to introduce a new section. Any type of content can follow any heading level.\r\n<p lang=\"x-none\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/structure\/#headings\">Brief but descriptive headings<\/a> help all users navigate quickly to information they need, understand the purpose of various sections, and break up large blocks of text to increase readability.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Next<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nMove to the next page to examine <strong>Accessible Links<\/strong> or <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/chapter\/word-start-here\/#iwantto\"> select the next error you want to fix<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2112\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"166\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713.png 1080w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713-1024x739.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713-768x554.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713-65x47.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713-225x162.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Headings-e1731702112713-350x252.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 166px) 100vw, 166px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Headings\u2014when created properly\u2014benefit all learners to indicate logical structure, create connections between key concepts, provide an overview of information, and act as navigational waypoints to chunk information and increase readability. However, headings are not created by changing the font formatting with larger or bold text alone. In Word, Headings must be created using <strong>Styles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2116\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2116\" style=\"width: 656px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2116 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsStyleGallery.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"656\" height=\"99\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsStyleGallery.png 656w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsStyleGallery-300x45.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsStyleGallery-65x10.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsStyleGallery-225x34.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsStyleGallery-350x53.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2116\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of Styles gallery in Word for macOS.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Who headings affect<\/h2>\n<p>Readers tend to skim through documents to gain an overview or find a specific section. Users who cannot see the document or have difficulty reading it can use assistive technology to browse in a similar way, provided a document has properly crafted headings.<\/p>\n<p>If a document has no headings, or improperly created headings, users of assistive technology have to read line-by-line through the whole document to get to a specific point, instead of using headings to move to the section they need. Additionally, all users have no sense of overview, connections between topics, or hierarchy of information.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"fix\"><\/a>How to fix missing headings<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2105 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-DocumentStructure.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"399\" height=\"117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-DocumentStructure.png 399w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-DocumentStructure-300x88.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-DocumentStructure-65x19.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-DocumentStructure-225x66.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-DocumentStructure-350x103.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/>The Word Accessibility Assistant will flag <strong>No headings in document<\/strong> if a document over 10 pages does not have any headings. 10 pages is an arbitrary choice by Microsoft and headings should be included in any length of document that has distinct sections.<\/p>\n<p>Create headings or apply heading styles to existing text by moving to the <strong>Home<\/strong> tab and using the <strong>Styles gallery<\/strong> to set headings.<\/p>\n<p>Note, the Word Accessibility Assistant does not check for proper use of headings and the appearance of a single heading, regardless of document length, satisfies the checker. <span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">To review heading structure in your document, go to\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">View<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> and check the <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Navigation Pane\u00a0<\/strong>checkbox.<\/p>\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2134 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-NavPane.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"406\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-NavPane.png 438w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-NavPane-283x300.png 283w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-NavPane-65x69.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-NavPane-225x238.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-NavPane-350x371.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 406px) 100vw, 406px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The Navigation Pane will open on the left side of the document window. If you think you can see headings in your document, but the Headings list is empty, the document does not have headings.<\/p>\n<p>Headings are displayed to indicate the nested hierarchy of headings in the document. Selecting a heading in the Headings list will take users to that place in the document. <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/word-accessibility-2\/#headings\">Headings can be reordered in the Navigation pane<\/a> to move the heading and all nested content.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/word-accessibility-2\/#headings\">appearance of headings can be customized<\/a> to fit an aesthetic theme, colour scheme, or brand guidelines.<\/p>\n<p>A properly created heading structure can be <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/word-accessibility-2\/#toc\">automatically converted to a table of contents<\/a> for the document.<\/p>\n<h2>How to prevent it next time<\/h2>\n<div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2122\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2122\" style=\"width: 301px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2122\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsWindows-e1734316405974.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"301\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsWindows-e1734316405974.png 570w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsWindows-e1734316405974-295x300.png 295w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsWindows-e1734316405974-65x66.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsWindows-e1734316405974-225x229.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2248\/2024\/08\/Word-HeadingsWindows-e1734316405974-350x356.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2122\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of Windows Styles gallery showing heading level options<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On the <strong>Home<\/strong> tab use the <strong>Styles gallery<\/strong> to set headings.<\/p>\n<p>Existing text can be made into a heading by highlighting the text and selecting a heading level or a heading level can be chosen before starting a new line of content.<\/p>\n<p>Structure headings with a heading level 1 as the broadest, most important level, such as a title.<\/p>\n<p>Use heading level 2 for major sections under heading level 1.<\/p>\n<p>Use heading level 3 for subsections under preceding heading level 2.<\/p>\n<p>Use heading level 4 for subsections under preceding heading level 3.<\/p>\n<p>Create a nested, sequential heading structure in which each nested heading contains related information and, if necessary, higher heading levels. Headings must be in sequential order. Do not skip a heading level when <strong>increasing<\/strong>, e.g., do not go from a heading 2 to a heading 4. Heading levels can be skipped when <strong>decreasing<\/strong>, for example when a subsection of a heading level 4 concludes, you can skip back to a heading level 2 to introduce a new section. Any type of content can follow any heading level.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"x-none\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/structure\/#headings\">Brief but descriptive headings<\/a> help all users navigate quickly to information they need, understand the purpose of various sections, and break up large blocks of text to increase readability.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Next<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Move to the next page to examine <strong>Accessible Links<\/strong> or <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/chapter\/word-start-here\/#iwantto\"> select the next error you want to fix<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1655,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1073","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry"],"part":52,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1655"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3289,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1073\/revisions\/3289"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/52"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1073\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1073"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1073"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/a11yondemand\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}