{"id":722,"date":"2022-04-25T15:00:05","date_gmt":"2022-04-25T19:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=722"},"modified":"2025-08-17T23:02:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T03:02:06","slug":"advanced-pdf","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/chapter\/advanced-pdf\/","title":{"raw":"Advanced PDF","rendered":"Advanced PDF"},"content":{"raw":"<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543.png\"><img class=\"noborder alignright wp-image-3435\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"127\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nEnsure you have Acrobat Pro DC installed on your device as Acrobat Reader lacks the necessary features to make PDFs accessible. Save after every change made following the instructions below as Acrobat cannot undo many actions.\r\n\r\n<strong>On this page:<\/strong>\r\n<ul class=\"navbar\">\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#manualtag\">Manual Tags<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#tagtype\">Types of Tags<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#artifacts\">Artifacts<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#tables\">Tables<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#java\">Javascript<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><a id=\"manualtag\"><\/a>Manual Tags<\/h2>\r\nView unmarked content:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Unmarked Content<\/strong> from drop down menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Search Document<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>Search Page.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unmarked content will be highlighted in the document with a pink border.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tag content as needed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Next<\/strong> in dialog to move to next unmarked content.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nDelete empty tags:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Delete Empty Tags.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nIf your document has no tags, you must first generate a\u00a0<strong>Tags Root<\/strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tags Root.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nCreate tag from selection:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Selection tool.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Click and drag over the desired content.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select tag\u00a0<strong>Type<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nEdit tag type\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Right-click<\/strong> on tag.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>On\u00a0<strong>Tag<\/strong>\u00a0tab, choose appropriate tag in\u00a0<strong>Type:\u00a0<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nTo locate a tag in the document, select the tag in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane. A pink outline will appear around the content in the document.\r\n\r\nTo locate a tag in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong>\u00a0pane:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Choose the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Highlight the content in the document.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Find Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>The tags tree will expand to show the highlighted tag.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2><a id=\"tagtype\"><\/a>Types of Tags<\/h2>\r\nContainer elements are the highest level elements used to provide hierarchical grouping and structure of other elements.\r\n\r\nIn a PDF, the containers are:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>&lt;Document&gt; the root element is the highest level container.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;Part&gt; can be used for a chapter or page to group other elements.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;Div&gt; is a generic element to group others.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;Art&gt; is the article element used to group a distinct section within a larger element.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;Sect&gt; is the section element used to group elements within a larger element.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTo add heading tags:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to highlight the heading in the document.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the<strong>\u00a0Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane and select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the appropriate tag from the drop down menu (Heading Level 1 through 6) and select <strong>Ok.<\/strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Remember to use a nested, hierarchical heading structure without skipping any heading levels.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n&lt;P&gt; should be used for all regular text that is not a heading.\r\n\r\nTo create a &lt;P&gt; tag:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Choose the\u00a0<strong>Selection Tool.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Highlight the paragraph.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the<strong>\u00a0Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Paragraph\u00a0<\/strong>from the drop down and choose\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nPDF lists have the following tags:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>&lt;L&gt; List<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;LI&gt; List item<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;Lbody&gt; List Body<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;Lbl&gt; Label<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTo tag a list:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Highlight the number or bullet (not the list item text, just the number or bullet point).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu and select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Label<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the contents of the first list item (not the number or bullet, just the text of the item).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu and select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>List Item Body\u00a0<\/strong>from drop down and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong>\u00a0pane, right-click the\u00a0<strong>Tags Root<\/strong>\u00a0and select\u00a0<strong>New Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>List Item\u00a0<\/strong>from the drop down menu and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drag and drop the\u00a0<strong>Label\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>List Item Body\u00a0<\/strong>tags as children of newly created\u00a0<strong>List Item<\/strong> tag.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Repeat steps 2 through 10 for remaining list items.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Right-click\u00a0<strong>Tags Root\u00a0<\/strong>and select\u00a0<strong>New Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>List<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down menu and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hold\u00a0<strong>CTRL<\/strong>(<strong>CMD<\/strong>\u00a0on macOS) and\u00a0<strong>click\u00a0<\/strong>all of the\u00a0<strong>List Item\u00a0<\/strong>tags (created in step 10).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drag and drop as children of\u00a0<strong>List<\/strong> tag (created in step 13).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Double check the order of the tags match the visual order of the document.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nTo add link text:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Highlight link text.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Right-click and select\u00a0<strong>Create Link...<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose options such as Link Action and Appearance.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Next.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Enter URL in field and choose\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu and select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose <strong>Unmarked Links<\/strong> from the drop down menu.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Search Page\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>Search Document<\/strong> radio button.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Press\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The first untagged link will be outlined in pink.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Tag Element<\/strong> button.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Link<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>A &lt;Link&gt; tag and Link - OBJR tag appear in the tags tree.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Link<\/strong>\u00a0tag in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to highlight the link text in the document.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane and select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>The link text and Link - OBJR should both now be tagged as children of the\u00a0<strong>Link\u00a0<\/strong>tag.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nTo add footnotes and references:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reading Order Tool.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Draw a box around the superscript or link text.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Click\u00a0<strong>Reference<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>Note<\/strong> button.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Begin from step 2 above.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nSet the language of your PDF using\u00a0<strong>File\u00a0<\/strong>&gt;\u00a0<strong>Properties\u00a0<\/strong>&gt;\u00a0<strong>Reading Options.<\/strong> Setting the language of the document and its parts tells assistive technology which language to expect and speak.\r\n\r\nHowever, if the language of part of the document is in a different language or multiple languages you must specify the language of those parts. For a &lt;Sect&gt; or entire &lt;P&gt; you can set the language property. For something smaller than a &lt;P&gt; you will have to tag the content in &lt;Span&gt; and then change the language of that &lt;Span&gt; tag.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>Pane<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Right-click the relevant tag and select\u00a0<strong>Properties<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the dialog window, select the<strong>\u00a0Tag\u00a0<\/strong>tab, choose the appropriate\u00a0<strong>Language<\/strong>\u00a0from the dropdown and then select\u00a0<strong>Close<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nTo change the language of one sentence:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Within a previously tagged &lt;P&gt; open the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane and then\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>New Tag...<\/strong>\u00a0and choose\u00a0<strong>Span<\/strong>\u00a0from the drop down and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the document, highlight the text with the language change.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Right-click the newly created\u00a0<strong>&lt;Span&gt;\u00a0<\/strong>in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drag and drop the\u00a0<strong>&lt;Span&gt;<\/strong>\u00a0to the correct order in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> tree.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Right-click the\u00a0<strong>&lt;Span&gt;\u00a0<\/strong>tag and select\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>On the\u00a0<strong>Tag<\/strong>\u00a0tab, select the\u00a0<strong>Language<\/strong>\u00a0from the drop down and choose\u00a0<strong>Close.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImages:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Order<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu and select\u00a0<strong>Show reading order panel.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Click and drag to draw a box around the image and select\u00a0<strong>Figure<\/strong> in the Reading Order Panel.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Right-click on the\u00a0<strong>Figure<\/strong>\u00a0tag and select\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>On the\u00a0<strong>Tag<\/strong>\u00a0tab, enter alt text in the\u00a0<strong>Alternative Text\u00a0<\/strong>field.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nA table of contents is exceptionally helpful for longer documents and is a recommended practice for any document longer than 5 pages. Each line of the table of contents should link to that point of the document.\r\n\r\nTo create a table of contents:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Highlight link text.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Right-click and select\u00a0<strong>Create Link...<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Go to a page view.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Next.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Move to document location and choose\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu and select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose <strong>Unmarked Links<\/strong> from the drop down menu.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Search Page\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>Search Document<\/strong> radio button.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Press\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The first untagged link will be outlined in pink.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Tag Element<\/strong> button.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Link<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Repeat with each line of the table of contents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create a TOCI tag for each line.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Tags<\/strong>\u00a0pane &gt;\u00a0<strong>New Tag<\/strong>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<strong>Table of Contents Item<\/strong>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Move each link and link text tag into each\u00a0<strong>TOCI<\/strong> tag.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Highlight the first table of contents line.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Right-click the first link tag in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane and choose\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Repeat with each line move down the tags tree of link tags.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Create an empty <strong>Table of Contents<\/strong> tag.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Right-click tags root &gt;\u00a0<strong>New Tag<\/strong>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<strong>Table of Contents<\/strong>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hold\u00a0<strong>Control<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>click<\/strong>\u00a0to select all TOCI tags and drag and drop under\u00a0<strong>TOC<\/strong> tag as nest children.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Verify order.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Set table of contents title as an H1.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Highlight \"Contents\" or \"Table of Contents\" or whatever text precedes the table of contents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong>\u00a0pane, select the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu, choose\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Heading Level 1<\/strong>\u00a0and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Place &lt;H1&gt; tag above the table of contents, at the same hierarchy level.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div id=\"h5p-interactive-book-section-b50ee7fa-14ad-435b-8a74-3b9bae451c4d\" class=\"h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text\">\r\n\r\nBookmarks are also essential to PDF accessibility. They do not require tagging. To add bookmarks:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Bookmarks<\/strong> button on the left.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Move in the document to where you would like to place a bookmark.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to select the area of the page to be bookmarked.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>For example: click an image or highlight text.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>New bookmark\u00a0<\/strong>button in the\u00a0<strong>Bookmarks<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ensure bookmarks are in logical order.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nRead more about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/helpx.adobe.com\/ca\/acrobat\/using\/page-thumbnails-bookmarks-pdfs.html\">PDF bookmarks<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3><code><\/code><a id=\"artifacts\"><\/a>Artifacts<\/h3>\r\nIf you want screen readers to ignore certain content, such as decorative images, you must mark those items as\u00a0<strong>Artifacts<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nTo mark objects as an artifact:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Reading Order Tool.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Click and drag zone around element.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Reading Order Tool<\/strong>\u00a0select\u00a0<strong>Background\/Artifact<\/strong> button.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This removes the item from the tags tree.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nOr use the tags pane:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Right-click<\/strong> the content, not the tag icon, in the tags tree.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Change Tag to Artifact.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nTo show artifact tags:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Navigate to the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane and select the options menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Find...<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Artifacts<\/strong> in dropdown (selected by default).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Search Page\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>Search Document.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nNote: InDesign often exports excess tags. In Acrobat, use the Preflight tool to remove them:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Under <strong>Tools<\/strong>, choose <strong>Print Production.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select <strong>Preflight.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the wrench icon and under\u00a0<strong>Document<\/strong> select\u00a0<strong>Mark all non-structure elements as artifact.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Click\u00a0<strong>Fix.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3><a id=\"tables\"><\/a>Tables<\/h3>\r\nTables in PDFs require special attention to ensure they are accessible.\r\n\r\nPDF Tables need the following tags:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>&lt;Table&gt;<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;TR&gt; table row<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;TH&gt; table header<\/li>\r\n \t<li>&lt;TD&gt; table data<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"h5p-interactive-book-section-24fcc9e1-54ac-453a-a59a-edda5cd5b763\" class=\"h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text\">\r\n\r\nTo tag a table properly, you must designate:\r\n\r\nHeader cells:\r\n<div id=\"h5p-panel-content-0-0\" class=\"h5p-panel-content h5p-advanced-text\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"h5p-panel-link-0-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to select the first header cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Table Header Cell<\/strong>\u00a0from drown down menu and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Repeat above steps for all header cells.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nData cells:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to select the first data cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Table Data Cell\u00a0<\/strong>from the drop down menu and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Repeat for all other data cells.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nRow tags:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Create the number of required empty row tags. There needs to be a &lt;TR&gt; table row tag for each table row, including header row.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane, open the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu and select\u00a0<strong>New Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Table Row\u00a0<\/strong>and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hold\u00a0<strong>Shift\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>click<\/strong> to select all cell tags in the first row.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drag and drop into the first\u00a0<strong>Table Row<\/strong> tag (created in step 13), nested as children.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Repeat for all rows.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nTable tag:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Create a\u00a0<strong>Table Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane, open the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu and select\u00a0<strong>New Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Table<\/strong>\u00a0and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hold\u00a0<strong>Shift\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>click<\/strong> all the &lt;TR&gt; table row tags.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drag and drop into the\u00a0<strong>Table\u00a0<\/strong>tag (created in step 19), nested as children and in logical order.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For complex tables or to add context, provide a description of the table in the\u00a0<strong>Alternative Text<\/strong>\u00a0field by right-clicking the\u00a0<strong>Table<\/strong>\u00a0tag, selecting\u00a0<strong>Properties,\u00a0<\/strong>and moving to the\u00a0<strong>Tag<\/strong> tab.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3>Complex Tables<\/h3>\r\n<div id=\"h5p-interactive-book-section-68fafce3-9190-4776-8198-3627de619261\" class=\"h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text\">\r\n\r\nTables with split cells, merged cells, or cells that span multiple rows or columns can be difficult for assistive technology to interpret. Best practice is to create simple tables even if you can create a complex table that technically adheres to accessibility standards. To make tables accessible:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Order\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the menu and choose\u00a0<strong>Show reading order panel.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select the table and select\u00a0<strong>Table Editor<\/strong> button on the Reading Order panel.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Right-click<\/strong>\u00a0on spanned cell and select\u00a0<strong>Table Cell Properties...<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>If it is a header ensure\u00a0<strong>Header Cell<\/strong> radio button is selected.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Scope:<\/strong>\u00a0dropdown to select<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>the appropriate designation (<strong>Row, Column,<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>Both<\/strong>).<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Attributes\u00a0<\/strong>section enter the\u00a0<strong>Row span<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Column span\u00a0<\/strong>to indicate the number of rows or columns spanned by the merged\/spanned cell.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Click\u00a0<strong>Ok<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Yes\u00a0<\/strong>to any warning messages.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2><a id=\"java\"><\/a>Javascript<\/h2>\r\nYou can add Javascript to PDF. This may prove useful for certain forms.\r\n\r\nTo create fillable text fields that include existing lines for printing and filling by hand, use one of the following methods to ensure accurate text entry.\r\n\r\nTo create a multiline text field:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Create a multiline text field spanning all lines on form.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Right-click &gt;\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Format\u00a0<\/strong>tab.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Custom\u00a0<\/strong>in\u00a0<strong>Select format category<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Custom Format Script.<\/strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Use\u00a0<strong>Edit<\/strong> button to open Javascript editor.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Paste:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>var field = event.target;if (field.value == field.defaultValue) {field.fillColor = color.transparent}else {field.fillColor = color.white}<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Press\u00a0<strong>Close.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nTo create a single line text field:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Create a text field for each line.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select first text field.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Right-click and select\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Move to\u00a0<strong>Appearance<\/strong> tab and set an absolute font size (minimum 11).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Move to\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0tab and uncheck\u00a0<strong>Multi-line\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>Scroll long text.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Move to\u00a0<strong>Format<\/strong> tab.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Custom\u00a0<\/strong>in\u00a0<strong>Select format category<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Custom Keystroke Script.<\/strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Use\u00a0<strong>Edit\u00a0<\/strong>button to open Javascript editor.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Paste:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>if ( event.fieldFull || event.willCommit ) this.getField(\"*name of nextfield to continue in*\").setFocus();<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Repeat 3-8 for each subsequent field, ensuring target field is named correctly.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nYou may also wish to include a clear fields button:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Add a visible text label reading \"Clear Form\".<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Place button in form next to \"Clear Form\".<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select <strong>All Properties<\/strong> link.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>On <strong>General<\/strong> tab type a unique name (\"Clear form\") and tooltip (\"Click to clear all form fields\").<\/li>\r\n \t<li>On <strong>Appearance<\/strong> tab set font size to 14.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>On <strong>Options<\/strong> tab navigate to <strong>Behaviour <\/strong>dropdown and choose <strong>Push.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Under <strong>State<\/strong> options and select <strong>Up.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Type \"Clear form\" in <strong>Label<\/strong> field.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Navigate to the <strong>Actions <\/strong>tab.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the <strong>Select Trigger <\/strong>drop down, choose <strong>Mouse Up.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the <strong>Select Action<\/strong> drop down, choose <strong>Run a Javascript <\/strong>and press <strong>Add <\/strong>button.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the Javascript editor, paste:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>var MyTitle = \"Clear Form Confirmation\";var MyAlert = \"Clear all form fields?\\n\\nThis action cannot be undone. Proceed?\";if (app.alert({cMsg: MyAlert, nIcon: 1, cTitle: MyTitle, nType: 2}) == 4){this.resetForm();}<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"noborder alignright wp-image-3435\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543.png 602w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543-65x98.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543-225x338.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/accessibilityhandbook\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1155\/2022\/04\/Screenshot-2023-02-24-at-11.14.40-e1711037934543-350x526.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 84px) 100vw, 84px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ensure you have Acrobat Pro DC installed on your device as Acrobat Reader lacks the necessary features to make PDFs accessible. Save after every change made following the instructions below as Acrobat cannot undo many actions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>On this page:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"navbar\">\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#manualtag\">Manual Tags<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#tagtype\">Types of Tags<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#artifacts\">Artifacts<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#tables\">Tables<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#java\">Javascript<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"manualtag\"><\/a>Manual Tags<\/h2>\n<p>View unmarked content:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Unmarked Content<\/strong> from drop down menu.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Search Document<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>Search Page.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Unmarked content will be highlighted in the document with a pink border.<\/li>\n<li>Tag content as needed.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Next<\/strong> in dialog to move to next unmarked content.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Delete empty tags:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Delete Empty Tags.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If your document has no tags, you must first generate a\u00a0<strong>Tags Root<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tags Root.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Create tag from selection:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Selection tool.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Click and drag over the desired content.<\/li>\n<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select tag\u00a0<strong>Type<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Edit tag type<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right-click<\/strong> on tag.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>On\u00a0<strong>Tag<\/strong>\u00a0tab, choose appropriate tag in\u00a0<strong>Type:\u00a0<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>To locate a tag in the document, select the tag in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane. A pink outline will appear around the content in the document.<\/p>\n<p>To locate a tag in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong>\u00a0pane:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Choose the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Highlight the content in the document.<\/li>\n<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Find Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The tags tree will expand to show the highlighted tag.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><a id=\"tagtype\"><\/a>Types of Tags<\/h2>\n<p>Container elements are the highest level elements used to provide hierarchical grouping and structure of other elements.<\/p>\n<p>In a PDF, the containers are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&lt;Document&gt; the root element is the highest level container.<\/li>\n<li>&lt;Part&gt; can be used for a chapter or page to group other elements.<\/li>\n<li>&lt;Div&gt; is a generic element to group others.<\/li>\n<li>&lt;Art&gt; is the article element used to group a distinct section within a larger element.<\/li>\n<li>&lt;Sect&gt; is the section element used to group elements within a larger element.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To add heading tags:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to highlight the heading in the document.<\/li>\n<li>Open the<strong>\u00a0Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane and select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select the appropriate tag from the drop down menu (Heading Level 1 through 6) and select <strong>Ok.<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>Remember to use a nested, hierarchical heading structure without skipping any heading levels.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&lt;P&gt; should be used for all regular text that is not a heading.<\/p>\n<p>To create a &lt;P&gt; tag:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Choose the\u00a0<strong>Selection Tool.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Highlight the paragraph.<\/li>\n<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the<strong>\u00a0Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Paragraph\u00a0<\/strong>from the drop down and choose\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>PDF lists have the following tags:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&lt;L&gt; List<\/li>\n<li>&lt;LI&gt; List item<\/li>\n<li>&lt;Lbody&gt; List Body<\/li>\n<li>&lt;Lbl&gt; Label<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To tag a list:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>menu.<\/li>\n<li>Highlight the number or bullet (not the list item text, just the number or bullet point).<\/li>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu and select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Label<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select the contents of the first list item (not the number or bullet, just the text of the item).<\/li>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu and select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>List Item Body\u00a0<\/strong>from drop down and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong>\u00a0pane, right-click the\u00a0<strong>Tags Root<\/strong>\u00a0and select\u00a0<strong>New Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>List Item\u00a0<\/strong>from the drop down menu and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Drag and drop the\u00a0<strong>Label\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>List Item Body\u00a0<\/strong>tags as children of newly created\u00a0<strong>List Item<\/strong> tag.<\/li>\n<li>Repeat steps 2 through 10 for remaining list items.<\/li>\n<li>Right-click\u00a0<strong>Tags Root\u00a0<\/strong>and select\u00a0<strong>New Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>List<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down menu and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Hold\u00a0<strong>CTRL<\/strong>(<strong>CMD<\/strong>\u00a0on macOS) and\u00a0<strong>click\u00a0<\/strong>all of the\u00a0<strong>List Item\u00a0<\/strong>tags (created in step 10).<\/li>\n<li>Drag and drop as children of\u00a0<strong>List<\/strong> tag (created in step 13).<\/li>\n<li>Double check the order of the tags match the visual order of the document.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>To add link text:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Highlight link text.\n<ol>\n<li>Right-click and select\u00a0<strong>Create Link&#8230;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose options such as Link Action and Appearance.<\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Next.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Enter URL in field and choose\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu and select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose <strong>Unmarked Links<\/strong> from the drop down menu.\n<ol>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Search Page\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>Search Document<\/strong> radio button.<\/li>\n<li>Press\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>The first untagged link will be outlined in pink.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Tag Element<\/strong> button.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Link<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>A &lt;Link&gt; tag and Link &#8211; OBJR tag appear in the tags tree.<\/li>\n<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Link<\/strong>\u00a0tag in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\n<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to highlight the link text in the document.<\/li>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane and select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The link text and Link &#8211; OBJR should both now be tagged as children of the\u00a0<strong>Link\u00a0<\/strong>tag.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>To add footnotes and references:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Reading Order Tool.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Draw a box around the superscript or link text.<\/li>\n<li>Click\u00a0<strong>Reference<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>Note<\/strong> button.<\/li>\n<li>Begin from step 2 above.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Set the language of your PDF using\u00a0<strong>File\u00a0<\/strong>&gt;\u00a0<strong>Properties\u00a0<\/strong>&gt;\u00a0<strong>Reading Options.<\/strong> Setting the language of the document and its parts tells assistive technology which language to expect and speak.<\/p>\n<p>However, if the language of part of the document is in a different language or multiple languages you must specify the language of those parts. For a &lt;Sect&gt; or entire &lt;P&gt; you can set the language property. For something smaller than a &lt;P&gt; you will have to tag the content in &lt;Span&gt; and then change the language of that &lt;Span&gt; tag.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>Pane<\/li>\n<li>Right-click the relevant tag and select\u00a0<strong>Properties<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>In the dialog window, select the<strong>\u00a0Tag\u00a0<\/strong>tab, choose the appropriate\u00a0<strong>Language<\/strong>\u00a0from the dropdown and then select\u00a0<strong>Close<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>To change the language of one sentence:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Within a previously tagged &lt;P&gt; open the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane and then\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>New Tag&#8230;<\/strong>\u00a0and choose\u00a0<strong>Span<\/strong>\u00a0from the drop down and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>In the document, highlight the text with the language change.<\/li>\n<li>Right-click the newly created\u00a0<strong>&lt;Span&gt;\u00a0<\/strong>in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Drag and drop the\u00a0<strong>&lt;Span&gt;<\/strong>\u00a0to the correct order in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> tree.<\/li>\n<li>Right-click the\u00a0<strong>&lt;Span&gt;\u00a0<\/strong>tag and select\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>On the\u00a0<strong>Tag<\/strong>\u00a0tab, select the\u00a0<strong>Language<\/strong>\u00a0from the drop down and choose\u00a0<strong>Close.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Images:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Order<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu and select\u00a0<strong>Show reading order panel.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Click and drag to draw a box around the image and select\u00a0<strong>Figure<\/strong> in the Reading Order Panel.<\/li>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Right-click on the\u00a0<strong>Figure<\/strong>\u00a0tag and select\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>On the\u00a0<strong>Tag<\/strong>\u00a0tab, enter alt text in the\u00a0<strong>Alternative Text\u00a0<\/strong>field.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A table of contents is exceptionally helpful for longer documents and is a recommended practice for any document longer than 5 pages. Each line of the table of contents should link to that point of the document.<\/p>\n<p>To create a table of contents:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Highlight link text.\n<ol>\n<li>Right-click and select\u00a0<strong>Create Link&#8230;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Go to a page view.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Next.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Move to document location and choose\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu and select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose <strong>Unmarked Links<\/strong> from the drop down menu.\n<ol>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Search Page\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>Search Document<\/strong> radio button.<\/li>\n<li>Press\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>The first untagged link will be outlined in pink.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Tag Element<\/strong> button.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Link<\/strong>\u00a0from drop down and press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Repeat with each line of the table of contents.<\/li>\n<li>Create a TOCI tag for each line.\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Tags<\/strong>\u00a0pane &gt;\u00a0<strong>New Tag<\/strong>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<strong>Table of Contents Item<\/strong>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Move each link and link text tag into each\u00a0<strong>TOCI<\/strong> tag.<\/li>\n<li>Highlight the first table of contents line.<\/li>\n<li>Right-click the first link tag in the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane and choose\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Repeat with each line move down the tags tree of link tags.<\/li>\n<li>Create an empty <strong>Table of Contents<\/strong> tag.\n<ol>\n<li>Right-click tags root &gt;\u00a0<strong>New Tag<\/strong>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<strong>Table of Contents<\/strong>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Hold\u00a0<strong>Control<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>click<\/strong>\u00a0to select all TOCI tags and drag and drop under\u00a0<strong>TOC<\/strong> tag as nest children.\n<ol>\n<li>Verify order.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Set table of contents title as an H1.\n<ol>\n<li>Highlight &#8220;Contents&#8221; or &#8220;Table of Contents&#8221; or whatever text precedes the table of contents.<\/li>\n<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong>\u00a0pane, select the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu, choose\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Heading Level 1<\/strong>\u00a0and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Place &lt;H1&gt; tag above the table of contents, at the same hierarchy level.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div id=\"h5p-interactive-book-section-b50ee7fa-14ad-435b-8a74-3b9bae451c4d\" class=\"h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text\">\n<p>Bookmarks are also essential to PDF accessibility. They do not require tagging. To add bookmarks:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Select the\u00a0<strong>Bookmarks<\/strong> button on the left.<\/li>\n<li>Move in the document to where you would like to place a bookmark.<\/li>\n<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to select the area of the page to be bookmarked.\n<ol>\n<li>For example: click an image or highlight text.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>New bookmark\u00a0<\/strong>button in the\u00a0<strong>Bookmarks<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Ensure bookmarks are in logical order.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Read more about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/helpx.adobe.com\/ca\/acrobat\/using\/page-thumbnails-bookmarks-pdfs.html\">PDF bookmarks<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3><code><\/code><a id=\"artifacts\"><\/a>Artifacts<\/h3>\n<p>If you want screen readers to ignore certain content, such as decorative images, you must mark those items as\u00a0<strong>Artifacts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>To mark objects as an artifact:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open\u00a0<strong>Reading Order Tool.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Click and drag zone around element.<\/li>\n<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Reading Order Tool<\/strong>\u00a0select\u00a0<strong>Background\/Artifact<\/strong> button.<\/li>\n<li>This removes the item from the tags tree.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Or use the tags pane:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right-click<\/strong> the content, not the tag icon, in the tags tree.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Change Tag to Artifact.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>To show artifact tags:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Navigate to the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane and select the options menu.<\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Find&#8230;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Artifacts<\/strong> in dropdown (selected by default).<\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Search Page\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>Search Document.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Find.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Note: InDesign often exports excess tags. In Acrobat, use the Preflight tool to remove them:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Under <strong>Tools<\/strong>, choose <strong>Print Production.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select <strong>Preflight.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select the wrench icon and under\u00a0<strong>Document<\/strong> select\u00a0<strong>Mark all non-structure elements as artifact.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Click\u00a0<strong>Fix.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><a id=\"tables\"><\/a>Tables<\/h3>\n<p>Tables in PDFs require special attention to ensure they are accessible.<\/p>\n<p>PDF Tables need the following tags:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&lt;Table&gt;<\/li>\n<li>&lt;TR&gt; table row<\/li>\n<li>&lt;TH&gt; table header<\/li>\n<li>&lt;TD&gt; table data<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"h5p-interactive-book-section-24fcc9e1-54ac-453a-a59a-edda5cd5b763\" class=\"h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text\">\n<p>To tag a table properly, you must designate:<\/p>\n<p>Header cells:<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-panel-content-0-0\" class=\"h5p-panel-content h5p-advanced-text\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"h5p-panel-link-0-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<ol>\n<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to select the first header cell.<\/li>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Table Header Cell<\/strong>\u00a0from drown down menu and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Repeat above steps for all header cells.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Data cells:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Selection tool<\/strong> to select the first data cell.<\/li>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0menu in the\u00a0<strong>Tags<\/strong> pane.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Create Tag from Selection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Table Data Cell\u00a0<\/strong>from the drop down menu and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Repeat for all other data cells.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Row tags:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create the number of required empty row tags. There needs to be a &lt;TR&gt; table row tag for each table row, including header row.<\/li>\n<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane, open the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu and select\u00a0<strong>New Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Table Row\u00a0<\/strong>and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Hold\u00a0<strong>Shift\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>click<\/strong> to select all cell tags in the first row.<\/li>\n<li>Drag and drop into the first\u00a0<strong>Table Row<\/strong> tag (created in step 13), nested as children.<\/li>\n<li>Repeat for all rows.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Table tag:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create a\u00a0<strong>Table Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Tags\u00a0<\/strong>pane, open the\u00a0<strong>Options\u00a0<\/strong>menu and select\u00a0<strong>New Tag.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose\u00a0<strong>Table<\/strong>\u00a0and select\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Hold\u00a0<strong>Shift\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>click<\/strong> all the &lt;TR&gt; table row tags.<\/li>\n<li>Drag and drop into the\u00a0<strong>Table\u00a0<\/strong>tag (created in step 19), nested as children and in logical order.<\/li>\n<li>For complex tables or to add context, provide a description of the table in the\u00a0<strong>Alternative Text<\/strong>\u00a0field by right-clicking the\u00a0<strong>Table<\/strong>\u00a0tag, selecting\u00a0<strong>Properties,\u00a0<\/strong>and moving to the\u00a0<strong>Tag<\/strong> tab.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Complex Tables<\/h3>\n<div id=\"h5p-interactive-book-section-68fafce3-9190-4776-8198-3627de619261\" class=\"h5p-column-content h5p-advanced-text\">\n<p>Tables with split cells, merged cells, or cells that span multiple rows or columns can be difficult for assistive technology to interpret. Best practice is to create simple tables even if you can create a complex table that technically adheres to accessibility standards. To make tables accessible:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open the\u00a0<strong>Order\u00a0<\/strong>pane.<\/li>\n<li>Select the menu and choose\u00a0<strong>Show reading order panel.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select the table and select\u00a0<strong>Table Editor<\/strong> button on the Reading Order panel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right-click<\/strong>\u00a0on spanned cell and select\u00a0<strong>Table Cell Properties&#8230;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>If it is a header ensure\u00a0<strong>Header Cell<\/strong> radio button is selected.\n<ol>\n<li>Use the\u00a0<strong>Scope:<\/strong>\u00a0dropdown to select<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>the appropriate designation (<strong>Row, Column,<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>Both<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Attributes\u00a0<\/strong>section enter the\u00a0<strong>Row span<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Column span\u00a0<\/strong>to indicate the number of rows or columns spanned by the merged\/spanned cell.<\/li>\n<li>Click\u00a0<strong>Ok<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Yes\u00a0<\/strong>to any warning messages.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><a id=\"java\"><\/a>Javascript<\/h2>\n<p>You can add Javascript to PDF. This may prove useful for certain forms.<\/p>\n<p>To create fillable text fields that include existing lines for printing and filling by hand, use one of the following methods to ensure accurate text entry.<\/p>\n<p>To create a multiline text field:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create a multiline text field spanning all lines on form.<\/li>\n<li>Right-click &gt;\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Format\u00a0<\/strong>tab.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Custom\u00a0<\/strong>in\u00a0<strong>Select format category<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Custom Format Script.<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>Use\u00a0<strong>Edit<\/strong> button to open Javascript editor.<\/li>\n<li>Paste:\n<ol>\n<li>var field = event.target;if (field.value == field.defaultValue) {field.fillColor = color.transparent}else {field.fillColor = color.white}<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Press\u00a0<strong>Ok.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Press\u00a0<strong>Close.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>To create a single line text field:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create a text field for each line.<\/li>\n<li>Select first text field.<\/li>\n<li>Right-click and select\u00a0<strong>Properties.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Move to\u00a0<strong>Appearance<\/strong> tab and set an absolute font size (minimum 11).<\/li>\n<li>Move to\u00a0<strong>Options<\/strong>\u00a0tab and uncheck\u00a0<strong>Multi-line\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>Scroll long text.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Move to\u00a0<strong>Format<\/strong> tab.<\/li>\n<li>Select\u00a0<strong>Custom\u00a0<\/strong>in\u00a0<strong>Select format category<\/strong> menu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Custom Keystroke Script.<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>Use\u00a0<strong>Edit\u00a0<\/strong>button to open Javascript editor.<\/li>\n<li>Paste:\n<ol>\n<li>if ( event.fieldFull || event.willCommit ) this.getField(&#8220;*name of nextfield to continue in*&#8221;).setFocus();<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Repeat 3-8 for each subsequent field, ensuring target field is named correctly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>You may also wish to include a clear fields button:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Add a visible text label reading &#8220;Clear Form&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Place button in form next to &#8220;Clear Form&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Select <strong>All Properties<\/strong> link.<\/li>\n<li>On <strong>General<\/strong> tab type a unique name (&#8220;Clear form&#8221;) and tooltip (&#8220;Click to clear all form fields&#8221;).<\/li>\n<li>On <strong>Appearance<\/strong> tab set font size to 14.<\/li>\n<li>On <strong>Options<\/strong> tab navigate to <strong>Behaviour <\/strong>dropdown and choose <strong>Push.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Under <strong>State<\/strong> options and select <strong>Up.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Type &#8220;Clear form&#8221; in <strong>Label<\/strong> field.<\/li>\n<li>Navigate to the <strong>Actions <\/strong>tab.<\/li>\n<li>In the <strong>Select Trigger <\/strong>drop down, choose <strong>Mouse Up.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>In the <strong>Select Action<\/strong> drop down, choose <strong>Run a Javascript <\/strong>and press <strong>Add <\/strong>button.<\/li>\n<li>In the Javascript editor, paste:\n<ol>\n<li>var MyTitle = &#8220;Clear Form Confirmation&#8221;;var MyAlert = &#8220;Clear all form fields?\\n\\nThis action cannot be undone. 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