{"id":48,"date":"2020-02-25T23:15:06","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T04:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/chapter\/lesson-3-3-patterns-and-context-clues\/"},"modified":"2021-08-12T14:04:15","modified_gmt":"2021-08-12T18:04:15","slug":"patterns-in-text","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/chapter\/patterns-in-text\/","title":{"raw":"Patterns in Texts","rendered":"Patterns in Texts"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"reading\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignright wp-image-47\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/931\/2020\/02\/texture-1231087_640-296x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"134\" height=\"136\" \/>\r\n\r\nKnowing the pattern of an article, essay, textbook chapter, or other text aids comprehension. For each kind of writing, certain clue words\u2014also called linking and transition words\u2014are used. They signal the direction the writer is taking.\r\n\r\nFor example, when writing an essay with a contrast pattern the clue words might include \"in contrast,\"\u00a0 \"although,\" \"conversely,\" and \"however\".\r\n\r\nFor another example, writing to emphasize a point is often presented with clue words such as \"again,\" \"as a matter of fact,\" and \"for this reason.\"\r\n\r\nBelow is a list of common clue words used for various patterns in writing.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Tip: A passage could include more than one pattern (Exercise 3.1 includes examples of this).<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h1>List of Common Clue Words (Linking\/Transition):<\/h1>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to show addition:<\/strong> additionally, again, also, and, another, besides, finally, first, second (etc.), further, furthermore, incidentally, lastly, likewise, moreover, next, too, along with, as well as, equally important, in addition, what's more.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to show time:<\/strong> about, after, afterward, at, before, currently, during, eventually, finally, first (etc.), following formerly, immediately, later, meanwhile, next, next week, previously soon, subsequently, then, thereafter, till, today (etc.), until, when, after a few hours, as soon as, in the future, soon after.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to show location:<\/strong> above, across, adjacent, against, along, among, around, behind below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, inside, into, here, near, nearby, off, onto, outside, over, there, throughout, under, away from, at the side, in the back, in back of, in the background, in the distance, in the front, in the foreground, on top of, to the right (etc.).<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to show comparison:<\/strong> also, as , like, likewise, meanwhile, similarly, simultaneously, after all, at the same time, by and large, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, in the same way.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to show contrast:<\/strong> although, but, conversely, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, otherwise, still, true, yet, or, and yet, even though, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, while this is true.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to emphasize a point:<\/strong> again, obviously, truly, undoubtedly, as a matter of fact, for this reason, in fact, to emphasize, to repeat.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to clarify:<\/strong> for instance, in other words, put another way, that is.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to give examples:<\/strong> namely, specifically, as an illustration, for example, for instance, to demonstrate, to illustrate.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to introduce as a result:<\/strong> accordingly, consequently, so, therefore, thus, as a result, due to this.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Clue words to show cause and effect:<\/strong> if...then, this led to, for this reason, caused, not only but also, which led to.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<div><strong>Clue words to introduce conclusions:<\/strong> accordingly, consequently, finally hence, so, therefore, thus, as a result, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to conclude.<\/div><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nNOTE: this is not an exhaustive list, of course, and as you have noticed, various words and expressions can work for more than one pattern of writing, so they illustrate just one strategy to help reading comprehension.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h3>Text Attributions<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>This chapter was adapted from \"<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/openoregon.pressbooks.pub\/collegereading\/chapter\/lesson-3-3-patterns-and-context-clues\/\">Lesson 3: Patterns and Context Clues<\/a>\" in <em>How to Learn Like a Pro!<\/em> by Phyllis Nissila, which is licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0 Licence<\/a>. <span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW212379091\">Adapted by Allison Kilgannon. Licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC 4.0 Licence<\/a><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW212379091\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Media Attributions<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/texture-textile-aqua-violet-white-1231087\/\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Texture<\/a> by <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/zipnon-563424\/\">ZIPNON<\/a> is licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/service\/license\/\">Pixabay Licence<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<div class=\"reading\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-47\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/931\/2020\/02\/texture-1231087_640-296x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"134\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/931\/2020\/02\/texture-1231087_640-296x300.jpg 296w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/931\/2020\/02\/texture-1231087_640-65x66.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/931\/2020\/02\/texture-1231087_640-225x228.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/931\/2020\/02\/texture-1231087_640-350x354.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/931\/2020\/02\/texture-1231087_640.jpg 632w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 134px) 100vw, 134px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Knowing the pattern of an article, essay, textbook chapter, or other text aids comprehension. For each kind of writing, certain clue words\u2014also called linking and transition words\u2014are used. They signal the direction the writer is taking.<\/p>\n<p>For example, when writing an essay with a contrast pattern the clue words might include &#8220;in contrast,&#8221;\u00a0 &#8220;although,&#8221; &#8220;conversely,&#8221; and &#8220;however&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>For another example, writing to emphasize a point is often presented with clue words such as &#8220;again,&#8221; &#8220;as a matter of fact,&#8221; and &#8220;for this reason.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Below is a list of common clue words used for various patterns in writing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Tip: A passage could include more than one pattern (Exercise 3.1 includes examples of this).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h1>List of Common Clue Words (Linking\/Transition):<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Clue words to show addition:<\/strong> additionally, again, also, and, another, besides, finally, first, second (etc.), further, furthermore, incidentally, lastly, likewise, moreover, next, too, along with, as well as, equally important, in addition, what&#8217;s more.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to show time:<\/strong> about, after, afterward, at, before, currently, during, eventually, finally, first (etc.), following formerly, immediately, later, meanwhile, next, next week, previously soon, subsequently, then, thereafter, till, today (etc.), until, when, after a few hours, as soon as, in the future, soon after.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to show location:<\/strong> above, across, adjacent, against, along, among, around, behind below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, down, inside, into, here, near, nearby, off, onto, outside, over, there, throughout, under, away from, at the side, in the back, in back of, in the background, in the distance, in the front, in the foreground, on top of, to the right (etc.).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to show comparison:<\/strong> also, as , like, likewise, meanwhile, similarly, simultaneously, after all, at the same time, by and large, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, in the same way.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to show contrast:<\/strong> although, but, conversely, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, otherwise, still, true, yet, or, and yet, even though, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, while this is true.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to emphasize a point:<\/strong> again, obviously, truly, undoubtedly, as a matter of fact, for this reason, in fact, to emphasize, to repeat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to clarify:<\/strong> for instance, in other words, put another way, that is.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to give examples:<\/strong> namely, specifically, as an illustration, for example, for instance, to demonstrate, to illustrate.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to introduce as a result:<\/strong> accordingly, consequently, so, therefore, thus, as a result, due to this.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clue words to show cause and effect:<\/strong> if&#8230;then, this led to, for this reason, caused, not only but also, which led to.<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Clue words to introduce conclusions:<\/strong> accordingly, consequently, finally hence, so, therefore, thus, as a result, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to conclude.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>NOTE: this is not an exhaustive list, of course, and as you have noticed, various words and expressions can work for more than one pattern of writing, so they illustrate just one strategy to help reading comprehension.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Text Attributions<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>This chapter was adapted from &#8220;<a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/openoregon.pressbooks.pub\/collegereading\/chapter\/lesson-3-3-patterns-and-context-clues\/\">Lesson 3: Patterns and Context Clues<\/a>&#8221; in <em>How to Learn Like a Pro!<\/em> by Phyllis Nissila, which is licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0 Licence<\/a>. <span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW212379091\">Adapted by Allison Kilgannon. Licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC 4.0 Licence<\/a><\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW212379091\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Media Attributions<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/texture-textile-aqua-violet-white-1231087\/\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Texture<\/a> by <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/users\/zipnon-563424\/\">ZIPNON<\/a> is licensed under a <a class=\"internal\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/service\/license\/\">Pixabay Licence<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":701,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[77],"license":[],"class_list":["post-48","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-phyllis-nissila"],"part":29,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/701"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":966,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/revisions\/966"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/29"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/advancedenglish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=48"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}