{"id":95,"date":"2022-03-23T13:58:45","date_gmt":"2022-03-23T17:58:45","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-06-28T12:50:15","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T16:50:15","slug":"pipa-yaieyukar-tonupeka-ranran-%e6%b2%bc%e8%b2%9d%e3%81%8c%e8%87%aa%e3%82%89%e6%ad%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%9f%e8%ad%9c%e3%80%8c%e3%83%88%e3%83%8c%e3%83%9a%e3%82%ab%e3%83%a9%e3%83%b3%e3%83%a9%e3%83%b3","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/chapter\/pipa-yaieyukar-tonupeka-ranran-%e6%b2%bc%e8%b2%9d%e3%81%8c%e8%87%aa%e3%82%89%e6%ad%8c%e3%81%a3%e3%81%9f%e8%ad%9c%e3%80%8c%e3%83%88%e3%83%8c%e3%83%9a%e3%82%ab%e3%83%a9%e3%83%b3%e3%83%a9%e3%83%b3\/","title":{"raw":"Pipa yaieyukar \u201cTonupeka ranran\u201d \u6cbc\u8c9d\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u6b4c\u3063\u305f\u8b5c\"\u30c8\u30cc\u30da\u30ab\u30e9\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\"","rendered":"Pipa yaieyukar \u201cTonupeka ranran\u201d \u6cbc\u8c9d\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u6b4c\u3063\u305f\u8b5c&#8221;\u30c8\u30cc\u30da\u30ab\u30e9\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3&#8221;"},"content":{"raw":"[caption id=\"attachment_844\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"220\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-844\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/freshwater-mussel-220x300.jpg\" alt=\"Two mussels on rocks in the water\" width=\"220\" height=\"300\" \/> Image: Freshwater Mussels.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nThis is a story related by the freshwater mussel, or <em>pipa<\/em>, and describes how the <em>pipa<\/em> came to be used as a tool in harvesting millet, a job done by women.\u00a0 As Strong points out, the story highlights the feeling of responsibility the Ainu have for the stewardship of the land, the water, and the resources found there. The story also emphasizes the idea that good deeds and proper care of those resources lead to rewards, while lack of empathy or care for other living beings leads to negative outcomes.[footnote]Strong, Sarah M. 2011.Ainu Spirits Singing: The Living World of Chiri Yukie's Ainu Shin'y\u014dsh\u016b. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nThis story is at the upper beginner to intermediate level.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_1418\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-1418 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"shell with drilled holes threaded with rope\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" \/> Image: Shell tool for reaping grain.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u805e\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio m4a=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/numagai-saki.m4a\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u3082\u3046\u5c11\u3057\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3067\u805e\u3044\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio m4a=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/Numagai-slow.m4a\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"53\"]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"54\"]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"55\"]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHere is the story in the Ainu language as transcribed by Chiri Yukie in the Ainu Shin'y\u014dsh\u016b.\u00a0 [footnote]\u77e5\u91cc\u5e78\u60e0. 1926. \u30a2\u30a4\u30cc\u795e\u8b21\u96c6.\u90f7\u571f\u7814\u7a76\u793e.\u6771\u4eac[\/footnote]\u00a0 Punctuation is as per the original.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Pipa yaieyukar \u201cTonupeka ranran\u201d<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTonupeka ranran\r\n\r\nSatshikush an wa \u00a0\u00a0ottaokayashi ka\r\n\r\nsat wa okere, tane anakne \u00a0raiash kushki\r\n\r\n\u201cNenkatausa \u00a0\u00a0wakka unkure\r\n\r\nuntemka okai! Wakkapo!\u201d ohai chiraikotenke\r\n\r\nokayash awa, \u00a0\u00a0too hosashi shine menoko\r\n\r\nsaranip se kane\u00a0\u00a0 arki kor okai.\r\n\r\nChishash kor\u00a0\u00a0 okayash awa\u00a0\u00a0 unsama kush\r\n\r\nunnukar awa,\r\n\r\n\u201cToi pipa\u00a0\u00a0 wen pipa,\u00a0 neptap\u00a0\u00a0 chishkar hawe\r\n\r\niramshitnere\u00a0\u00a0 okaipe neya?\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 itak kane\r\n\r\nunotetterke\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 unureetursere\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 unseikoyaku,\r\n\r\ntoop ekimun\u00a0\u00a0 paye wa isam.\r\n\r\n\u201cAyapo, oyoyo!\u00a0\u00a0 Wakkapo ohai!\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 chiraikotenke,\r\n\r\nokayash awa\u00a0\u00a0 too hosashi\u00a0 shui\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 shine menoko\r\n\r\nsaranip se kane\u00a0\u00a0 arki kor okai.\r\n\r\n\u201cNenkatausa\u00a0\u00a0 wakka unkure\u00a0\u00a0 untemka okai!\r\n\r\nAyapo, oyoyo!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Wakkapo!\u201d\u00a0 ohai chiraikotenke,\r\n\r\nokayash awa\u00a0\u00a0 pon menoko\u00a0 kamui shirine\r\n\r\nunsamta arki\u00a0\u00a0 unnukat chiki,\r\n\r\n\u201cInunukashki, shirsesek wa\u00a0\u00a0 pipautar\r\n\r\nsotkihi ka\u00a0\u00a0 satwa okere,\u00a0\u00a0 wakkaewen hawe\r\n\r\nneshun okaine,\u00a0\u00a0 nekonanep\u00a0\u00a0 okai ruwe tan,\r\n\r\naotetterke\u00a0\u00a0 apkor okai.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 itak kane\r\n\r\nunopitta\u00a0\u00a0 unumomare,\u00a0\u00a0 korham oro\r\n\r\nunomare,\u00a0\u00a0 pirka to oro\u00a0\u00a0 unomare.\r\n\r\nPirka namwakka\u00a0\u00a0 chieyaitemka\r\n\r\nshino tumashnuash.\u00a0\u00a0 Otta eashir\r\n\r\nnea menokutar\u00a0\u00a0 shinrichichi\u00a0\u00a0 chihunara\r\n\r\ninkarash awa,\u00a0\u00a0 hoshkino ek\u00a0\u00a0 unureeyaku\r\n\r\nshirun menoko\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 wen menoko anak\u00a0\u00a0 Samayunkur\r\n\r\nkottureshi newa,\u00a0\u00a0 unerampokiwen\r\n\r\nunshiknure\u00a0\u00a0 pon menoko\u00a0\u00a0 kamui moiremat anak\r\n\r\nOkikirmui\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0kottureshi\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0ne awan.\r\n\r\nSamayunkur\u00a0\u00a0 kottureshi\u00a0\u00a0 chiepokpa kushu\r\n\r\nkor amamtoi\u00a0\u00a0 chishumka wa,\u00a0\u00a0 Okikirmui\r\n\r\nkottureshi\u00a0\u00a0 kor amamtoi\u00a0\u00a0 chipirkare.\r\n\r\nNe paha ta\u00a0\u00a0 Okikirmui\u00a0\u00a0 kottureshi\u00a0\u00a0 shino harukar.\r\n\r\nchirenkaine\u00a0\u00a0 ene shirkii\u00a0\u00a0 eraman wa,\r\n\r\npipakap ari\u00a0\u00a0 amampush tuye.\r\n\r\nOrowano\u00a0\u00a0 keshpaanko\u00a0\u00a0 ainu menokutar\r\n\r\nAmampush tuye ko\u00a0\u00a0 pipakap eiwanke ruwe ne.\r\n\r\nari shine\u00a0\u00a0 pipa yaieyukar.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h5>Media Attributions<\/h5>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/A_As1885-1219-12\">Reaping implement<\/a> by the Trustees of the British Museum is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a>.\r\n\r\n\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/50169152@N06\/48958674107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Freshwater mussels in the Molalla River<\/a>\" by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/50169152@N06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BLM Oregon &amp; Washington<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/?ref=openverse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>.","rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_844\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-844\" style=\"width: 220px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-844\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/freshwater-mussel-220x300.jpg\" alt=\"Two mussels on rocks in the water\" width=\"220\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/freshwater-mussel-220x300.jpg 220w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/freshwater-mussel-65x89.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/freshwater-mussel-225x307.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/freshwater-mussel-350x478.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/freshwater-mussel.jpg 586w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-844\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image: Freshwater Mussels.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This is a story related by the freshwater mussel, or <em>pipa<\/em>, and describes how the <em>pipa<\/em> came to be used as a tool in harvesting millet, a job done by women.\u00a0 As Strong points out, the story highlights the feeling of responsibility the Ainu have for the stewardship of the land, the water, and the resources found there. The story also emphasizes the idea that good deeds and proper care of those resources lead to rewards, while lack of empathy or care for other living beings leads to negative outcomes.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Strong, Sarah M. 2011.Ainu Spirits Singing: The Living World of Chiri Yukie's Ainu Shin'y\u014dsh\u016b. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press\" id=\"return-footnote-95-1\" href=\"#footnote-95-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This story is at the upper beginner to intermediate level.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1418\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1418\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1418 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"shell with drilled holes threaded with rope\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-1536x1029.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-2048x1371.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-65x44.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-225x151.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/shell-reaping-tool-350x234.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1418\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image: Shell tool for reaping grain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u805e\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-95-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/numagai-saki.m4a?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/numagai-saki.m4a\">https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/numagai-saki.m4a<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u3082\u3046\u5c11\u3057\u3086\u3063\u304f\u308a\u3067\u805e\u3044\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-95-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/Numagai-slow.m4a?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/Numagai-slow.m4a\">https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1705\/2022\/03\/Numagai-slow.m4a<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-53\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-53\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"53\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Tonepeka ranran paragraphs 1 and 2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-54\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-54\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"54\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Tonupeka ranran part 2\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-55\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-55\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"55\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Tonupeka ranran comprehension\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Here is the story in the Ainu language as transcribed by Chiri Yukie in the Ainu Shin&#8217;y\u014dsh\u016b.\u00a0 <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"\u77e5\u91cc\u5e78\u60e0. 1926. \u30a2\u30a4\u30cc\u795e\u8b21\u96c6.\u90f7\u571f\u7814\u7a76\u793e.\u6771\u4eac\" id=\"return-footnote-95-2\" href=\"#footnote-95-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Punctuation is as per the original.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pipa yaieyukar \u201cTonupeka ranran\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tonupeka ranran<\/p>\n<p>Satshikush an wa \u00a0\u00a0ottaokayashi ka<\/p>\n<p>sat wa okere, tane anakne \u00a0raiash kushki<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNenkatausa \u00a0\u00a0wakka unkure<\/p>\n<p>untemka okai! Wakkapo!\u201d ohai chiraikotenke<\/p>\n<p>okayash awa, \u00a0\u00a0too hosashi shine menoko<\/p>\n<p>saranip se kane\u00a0\u00a0 arki kor okai.<\/p>\n<p>Chishash kor\u00a0\u00a0 okayash awa\u00a0\u00a0 unsama kush<\/p>\n<p>unnukar awa,<\/p>\n<p>\u201cToi pipa\u00a0\u00a0 wen pipa,\u00a0 neptap\u00a0\u00a0 chishkar hawe<\/p>\n<p>iramshitnere\u00a0\u00a0 okaipe neya?\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 itak kane<\/p>\n<p>unotetterke\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 unureetursere\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 unseikoyaku,<\/p>\n<p>toop ekimun\u00a0\u00a0 paye wa isam.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAyapo, oyoyo!\u00a0\u00a0 Wakkapo ohai!\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 chiraikotenke,<\/p>\n<p>okayash awa\u00a0\u00a0 too hosashi\u00a0 shui\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 shine menoko<\/p>\n<p>saranip se kane\u00a0\u00a0 arki kor okai.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNenkatausa\u00a0\u00a0 wakka unkure\u00a0\u00a0 untemka okai!<\/p>\n<p>Ayapo, oyoyo!\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Wakkapo!\u201d\u00a0 ohai chiraikotenke,<\/p>\n<p>okayash awa\u00a0\u00a0 pon menoko\u00a0 kamui shirine<\/p>\n<p>unsamta arki\u00a0\u00a0 unnukat chiki,<\/p>\n<p>\u201cInunukashki, shirsesek wa\u00a0\u00a0 pipautar<\/p>\n<p>sotkihi ka\u00a0\u00a0 satwa okere,\u00a0\u00a0 wakkaewen hawe<\/p>\n<p>neshun okaine,\u00a0\u00a0 nekonanep\u00a0\u00a0 okai ruwe tan,<\/p>\n<p>aotetterke\u00a0\u00a0 apkor okai.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 itak kane<\/p>\n<p>unopitta\u00a0\u00a0 unumomare,\u00a0\u00a0 korham oro<\/p>\n<p>unomare,\u00a0\u00a0 pirka to oro\u00a0\u00a0 unomare.<\/p>\n<p>Pirka namwakka\u00a0\u00a0 chieyaitemka<\/p>\n<p>shino tumashnuash.\u00a0\u00a0 Otta eashir<\/p>\n<p>nea menokutar\u00a0\u00a0 shinrichichi\u00a0\u00a0 chihunara<\/p>\n<p>inkarash awa,\u00a0\u00a0 hoshkino ek\u00a0\u00a0 unureeyaku<\/p>\n<p>shirun menoko\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 wen menoko anak\u00a0\u00a0 Samayunkur<\/p>\n<p>kottureshi newa,\u00a0\u00a0 unerampokiwen<\/p>\n<p>unshiknure\u00a0\u00a0 pon menoko\u00a0\u00a0 kamui moiremat anak<\/p>\n<p>Okikirmui\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0kottureshi\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0ne awan.<\/p>\n<p>Samayunkur\u00a0\u00a0 kottureshi\u00a0\u00a0 chiepokpa kushu<\/p>\n<p>kor amamtoi\u00a0\u00a0 chishumka wa,\u00a0\u00a0 Okikirmui<\/p>\n<p>kottureshi\u00a0\u00a0 kor amamtoi\u00a0\u00a0 chipirkare.<\/p>\n<p>Ne paha ta\u00a0\u00a0 Okikirmui\u00a0\u00a0 kottureshi\u00a0\u00a0 shino harukar.<\/p>\n<p>chirenkaine\u00a0\u00a0 ene shirkii\u00a0\u00a0 eraman wa,<\/p>\n<p>pipakap ari\u00a0\u00a0 amampush tuye.<\/p>\n<p>Orowano\u00a0\u00a0 keshpaanko\u00a0\u00a0 ainu menokutar<\/p>\n<p>Amampush tuye ko\u00a0\u00a0 pipakap eiwanke ruwe ne.<\/p>\n<p>ari shine\u00a0\u00a0 pipa yaieyukar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Media Attributions<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/object\/A_As1885-1219-12\">Reaping implement<\/a> by the Trustees of the British Museum is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/50169152@N06\/48958674107\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Freshwater mussels in the Molalla River<\/a>&#8221; by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/50169152@N06\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BLM Oregon &amp; Washington<\/a> is licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/?ref=openverse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-95-1\">Strong, Sarah M. 2011.Ainu Spirits Singing: The Living World of Chiri Yukie's Ainu Shin'y\u014dsh\u016b. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press <a href=\"#return-footnote-95-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-95-2\">\u77e5\u91cc\u5e78\u60e0. 1926. \u30a2\u30a4\u30cc\u795e\u8b21\u96c6.\u90f7\u571f\u7814\u7a76\u793e.\u6771\u4eac <a href=\"#return-footnote-95-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":103,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"all-rights-reserved"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[59],"class_list":["post-95","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","license-all-rights-reserved"],"part":91,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/95","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/103"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/95\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2278,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/95\/revisions\/2278"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/91"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/95\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=95"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=95"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=95"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ainuinjapaneselanguage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=95"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}