{"id":911,"date":"2021-07-23T09:21:04","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T13:21:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/back-matter\/composition-of-commercial-acids-and-bases\/"},"modified":"2022-06-23T09:36:54","modified_gmt":"2022-06-23T13:36:54","slug":"composition-of-commercial-acids-and-bases","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/back-matter\/composition-of-commercial-acids-and-bases\/","title":{"raw":"Appendix F: Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases","rendered":"Appendix F: Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n<table id=\"fs-idp8700128\" class=\"top-titled\" summary=\"A table titled \u201cComposition of Commercial Acids and Bases\u201d has four columns titled \u201cAcid or Base,\u201d \u201cDensity (g\/mL),\u201d \u201cPercentage by Mass,\u201d and \u201cMolarity.\u201d For acetic acid, glacial, the density is 1.05, the percentage by mass is 99.5, and the molarity is 17.4. For aqueous ammonia, the density is 0.90, the percentage by mass is 28, and the molarity is 14.8. For hydrochloric acid, the density is 1.18, the percentage by mass is 36, and the molarity is 11.6. For nitric acid, the density is 1.42, the percentage by mass is 71, and the molarity is 16.0. For perchloric acid, the density is 1.67, the percentage by mass is 70, and the molarity is 11.65. For phosphoric acid, the density is 1.70, the percentage by mass is 85, and the molarity is 14.7. For sodium hydroxide, the density is 1.53, the percentage by mass is 50, and the molarity is 19.1. For sulfuric acid, the density is 1.84, the percentage by mass is 96, and the molarity is 18.0.\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<th colspan=\"4\">Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<th data-align=\"left\">Acid or Base<sup data-type=\"footnote-number\"><a href=\"#footnote1\" data-type=\"footnote-link\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/th>\r\n<th data-align=\"left\">Density (g\/mL)<sup id=\"footnote-ref2\" data-type=\"footnote-number\"><a href=\"#footnote2\" data-type=\"footnote-link\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/th>\r\n<th data-align=\"left\">Percentage by Mass<\/th>\r\n<th data-align=\"left\">Molarity<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">acetic acid, glacial<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.05<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">99.5%<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">17.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">aqueous ammonia<sup id=\"footnote-ref3\" data-type=\"footnote-number\"><a href=\"#footnote3\" data-type=\"footnote-link\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">0.90<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">28%<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">14.8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">hydrochloric acid<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.18<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">36%<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">11.6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">nitric acid<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.42<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">71%<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">16.0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">perchloric acid<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.67<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">70%<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">11.65<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">phosphoric acid<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.70<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">85%<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">14.7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">sodium hydroxide<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.53<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">50%<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">19.1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">sulfuric acid<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.84<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">96%<\/td>\r\n<td data-align=\"left\">18.0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div data-type=\"footnote-refs\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"footnote-refs-title\">Footnotes<\/h3>\r\n<ul data-list-type=\"bulleted\" data-bullet-style=\"none\">\r\n \t<li data-type=\"footnote-ref\"><a href=\"#footnote-ref1\" data-type=\"footnote-ref-link\">1<\/a> <span data-type=\"footnote-ref-content\">Acids and bases are commercially available as aqueous solutions. This table lists properties (densities and concentrations) of common acid and base solutions. Nominal values are provided in cases where the manufacturer cites a range of concentrations and densities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"footnote2\" data-type=\"footnote-ref\"><a href=\"#footnote-ref2\" data-type=\"footnote-ref-link\">2<\/a> <span data-type=\"footnote-ref-content\">This column contains specific gravity data. In the case of this table, specific gravity is the ratio of density of a substance to the density of pure water at the same conditions. Specific gravity is often cited on commercial labels.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"footnote3\" data-type=\"footnote-ref\"><a href=\"#footnote-ref3\" data-type=\"footnote-ref-link\">3<\/a> <span data-type=\"footnote-ref-content\">This solution is sometimes called \u201cammonium hydroxide,\u201d although this term is not chemically accurate.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table id=\"fs-idp8700128\" class=\"top-titled\" summary=\"A table titled \u201cComposition of Commercial Acids and Bases\u201d has four columns titled \u201cAcid or Base,\u201d \u201cDensity (g\/mL),\u201d \u201cPercentage by Mass,\u201d and \u201cMolarity.\u201d For acetic acid, glacial, the density is 1.05, the percentage by mass is 99.5, and the molarity is 17.4. For aqueous ammonia, the density is 0.90, the percentage by mass is 28, and the molarity is 14.8. For hydrochloric acid, the density is 1.18, the percentage by mass is 36, and the molarity is 11.6. For nitric acid, the density is 1.42, the percentage by mass is 71, and the molarity is 16.0. For perchloric acid, the density is 1.67, the percentage by mass is 70, and the molarity is 11.65. For phosphoric acid, the density is 1.70, the percentage by mass is 85, and the molarity is 14.7. For sodium hydroxide, the density is 1.53, the percentage by mass is 50, and the molarity is 19.1. For sulfuric acid, the density is 1.84, the percentage by mass is 96, and the molarity is 18.0.\">\n<thead>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<th colspan=\"4\">Composition of Commercial Acids and Bases<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<th data-align=\"left\">Acid or Base<sup data-type=\"footnote-number\"><a href=\"#footnote1\" data-type=\"footnote-link\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/th>\n<th data-align=\"left\">Density (g\/mL)<sup id=\"footnote-ref2\" data-type=\"footnote-number\"><a href=\"#footnote2\" data-type=\"footnote-link\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/th>\n<th data-align=\"left\">Percentage by Mass<\/th>\n<th data-align=\"left\">Molarity<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<td data-align=\"left\">acetic acid, glacial<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.05<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">99.5%<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">17.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<td data-align=\"left\">aqueous ammonia<sup id=\"footnote-ref3\" data-type=\"footnote-number\"><a href=\"#footnote3\" data-type=\"footnote-link\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">0.90<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">28%<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">14.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<td data-align=\"left\">hydrochloric acid<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.18<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">36%<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">11.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<td data-align=\"left\">nitric acid<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.42<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">71%<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">16.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<td data-align=\"left\">perchloric acid<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.67<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">70%<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">11.65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<td data-align=\"left\">phosphoric acid<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.70<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">85%<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">14.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<td data-align=\"left\">sodium hydroxide<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.53<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">50%<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">19.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"middle\">\n<td data-align=\"left\">sulfuric acid<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">1.84<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">96%<\/td>\n<td data-align=\"left\">18.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div data-type=\"footnote-refs\">\n<h3 data-type=\"footnote-refs-title\">Footnotes<\/h3>\n<ul data-list-type=\"bulleted\" data-bullet-style=\"none\">\n<li data-type=\"footnote-ref\"><a href=\"#footnote-ref1\" data-type=\"footnote-ref-link\">1<\/a> <span data-type=\"footnote-ref-content\">Acids and bases are commercially available as aqueous solutions. This table lists properties (densities and concentrations) of common acid and base solutions. Nominal values are provided in cases where the manufacturer cites a range of concentrations and densities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote2\" data-type=\"footnote-ref\"><a href=\"#footnote-ref2\" data-type=\"footnote-ref-link\">2<\/a> <span data-type=\"footnote-ref-content\">This column contains specific gravity data. In the case of this table, specific gravity is the ratio of density of a substance to the density of pure water at the same conditions. Specific gravity is often cited on commercial labels.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"footnote3\" data-type=\"footnote-ref\"><a href=\"#footnote-ref3\" data-type=\"footnote-ref-link\">3<\/a> <span data-type=\"footnote-ref-content\">This solution is sometimes called \u201cammonium hydroxide,\u201d although this term is not chemically accurate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1392,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[27],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-911","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry","back-matter-type-appendix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1392"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2199,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/911\/revisions\/2199"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/911\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=911"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}