{"id":216,"date":"2021-07-23T09:19:19","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T13:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/chapter\/introduction-22\/"},"modified":"2022-06-23T08:56:18","modified_gmt":"2022-06-23T12:56:18","slug":"introduction-22","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/chapter\/introduction-22\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction","rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\r\n<h3><strong>Learning Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Energy Basics<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Calorimetry<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Enthalpy<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"CNX_Chem_05_00_Match\" class=\"splash\">\r\n<div class=\"bc-figcaption figcaption\">Sliding a match head along a rough surface initiates a combustion reaction that produces energy in the form of heat and light. (credit: modification of work by Laszlo Ilyes)<\/div>\r\n<span id=\"fs-idm65754480\" data-type=\"media\" data-alt=\"A match held in a person\u2019s hand is ignited as it is scratched along the rough surface of a match box.\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1463\/2021\/07\/CNX_Chem_05_00_Match-1.jpg\" alt=\"A match held in a person\u2019s hand is ignited as it is scratched along the rough surface of a match box.\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/><\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm19082352\">Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter. Societies at all levels of development could not function without the energy released by chemical reactions. In 2012, about 85% of US energy consumption came from the combustion of petroleum products, coal, wood, and garbage. We use this energy to produce electricity (38%); to transport food, raw materials, manufactured goods, and people (27%); for industrial production (21%); and to heat and power our homes and businesses (10%).<sup data-type=\"footnote-number\"><a href=\"#footnote1\" data-type=\"footnote-link\">1<\/a><\/sup> While these combustion reactions help us meet our essential energy needs, they are also recognized by the majority of the scientific community as a major contributor to global climate change.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm15108400\">Useful forms of energy are also available from a variety of chemical reactions other than combustion. For example, the energy produced by the batteries in a cell phone, car, or flashlight results from chemical reactions. This chapter introduces many of the basic ideas necessary to explore the relationships between chemical changes and energy, with a focus on thermal energy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div data-type=\"footnote-refs\">\r\n<h3 data-type=\"footnote-refs-title\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul data-list-type=\"bulleted\" data-bullet-style=\"none\">\r\n \t<li data-type=\"footnote-ref\"><a href=\"#footnote-ref1\" data-type=\"footnote-ref-link\">1<\/a> <span data-type=\"footnote-ref-content\">US Energy Information Administration, <em data-effect=\"italics\">Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2012<\/em>, http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/totalenergy\/data\/monthly\/pdf\/flow\/css_2012_energy.pdf. Data derived from US Energy Information Administration, <em data-effect=\"italics\">Monthly Energy Review<\/em> (January 2014).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<h3><strong>Learning Objectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Energy Basics<\/li>\n<li>Calorimetry<\/li>\n<li>Enthalpy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"CNX_Chem_05_00_Match\" class=\"splash\">\n<div class=\"bc-figcaption figcaption\">Sliding a match head along a rough surface initiates a combustion reaction that produces energy in the form of heat and light. (credit: modification of work by Laszlo Ilyes)<\/div>\n<p><span id=\"fs-idm65754480\" data-type=\"media\" data-alt=\"A match held in a person\u2019s hand is ignited as it is scratched along the rough surface of a match box.\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1463\/2021\/07\/CNX_Chem_05_00_Match-1.jpg\" alt=\"A match held in a person\u2019s hand is ignited as it is scratched along the rough surface of a match box.\" data-media-type=\"image\/jpeg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idm19082352\">Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter. Societies at all levels of development could not function without the energy released by chemical reactions. In 2012, about 85% of US energy consumption came from the combustion of petroleum products, coal, wood, and garbage. We use this energy to produce electricity (38%); to transport food, raw materials, manufactured goods, and people (27%); for industrial production (21%); and to heat and power our homes and businesses (10%).<sup data-type=\"footnote-number\"><a href=\"#footnote1\" data-type=\"footnote-link\">1<\/a><\/sup> While these combustion reactions help us meet our essential energy needs, they are also recognized by the majority of the scientific community as a major contributor to global climate change.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idm15108400\">Useful forms of energy are also available from a variety of chemical reactions other than combustion. For example, the energy produced by the batteries in a cell phone, car, or flashlight results from chemical reactions. This chapter introduces many of the basic ideas necessary to explore the relationships between chemical changes and energy, with a focus on thermal energy.<\/p>\n<div data-type=\"footnote-refs\">\n<h3 data-type=\"footnote-refs-title\"><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-list-type=\"bulleted\" data-bullet-style=\"none\">\n<li data-type=\"footnote-ref\"><a href=\"#footnote-ref1\" data-type=\"footnote-ref-link\">1<\/a> <span data-type=\"footnote-ref-content\">US Energy Information Administration, <em data-effect=\"italics\">Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2012<\/em>, http:\/\/www.eia.gov\/totalenergy\/data\/monthly\/pdf\/flow\/css_2012_energy.pdf. Data derived from US Energy Information Administration, <em data-effect=\"italics\">Monthly Energy Review<\/em> (January 2014).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1392,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-216","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":214,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1392"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1359,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/216\/revisions\/1359"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/214"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/216\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=216"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=216"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/aperrott\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}