{"id":5,"date":"2018-10-30T17:46:34","date_gmt":"2018-10-30T21:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/2018\/10\/30\/chapter-1\/"},"modified":"2018-11-20T20:45:16","modified_gmt":"2018-11-21T01:45:16","slug":"chapter-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/chapter\/chapter-1\/","title":{"raw":"Description of ARCs Model","rendered":"Description of ARCs Model"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Section Highlights<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>ARCS Model originally developed based on John Keller's experiences teaching in K-12<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The original model had 4 parts (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Keller wanted a model of motivation that could be applied during the instructional design phase of course development<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1>\u00a0<strong>Historical Origins<\/strong><\/h1>\r\nThe first published account of the theorizing that was involved in the development of John M. Keller's ARCS model is contained in a 1979\u00a0publication entitled <em>Motivation and Instructional Design: A Theoretical Perspective.<\/em> At that early stage, Keller explains his working definition, \"motivation is generally defined as that which accounts for the arousal, direction, and sustenance of behavior\" (Keller, 1979, p. 29).\u00a0The emergence of Keller's model was heavily influenced by a research into a variety of underlying motivational constructs. The theoretical\u00a0alignment of the original ARCS model is covered more in-depth in the <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/chapter\/chapter-2\/\">theoretical alignment<\/a> section. The ARCS model has an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arcsmodel.com\/\">official website.<\/a>\r\n<h2>A 35 Year Timeline<\/h2>\r\nBeginning in 1979 John\u00a0Keller began to develop what he calls an aperspectival model of learner motivation (Keller, 2009).\u00a0 The embedded timeline allows you to scroll through some of the major milestones in the continuous development of the model.\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"1\"]\r\n<h2>Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation<\/h2>\r\nStudents who are extrinsically motivated are typically pursuing a task in anticipation of a reward while intrinsically motivated students tend to be more active participants, engaged in the learning process to address curiosity (Reynolds, 2017). Keller (2008) is clear that instructional design should be student-centered enough, that it does not attempt to apply extrinsic motivators to students who are already highly motivated.\r\n<h2><strong>Component Parts of\u00a0the Original ARCS Model<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"640\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9e\/ARCS_model_components_table.svg\" class=\"size-medium\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/> By Nicoguaro [CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0)], from Wikimedia Commons[\/caption]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-189\" width=\"635\" height=\"476\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\" style=\"text-align: justify\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">Links and Resource<\/header><header class=\"textbox__header\">http:\/\/changingminds.org\/explanations\/motivation\/arcs.htm<\/header><\/div>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Section Highlights<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>ARCS Model originally developed based on John Keller&#8217;s experiences teaching in K-12<\/li>\n<li>The original model had 4 parts (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction)<\/li>\n<li>Keller wanted a model of motivation that could be applied during the instructional design phase of course development<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\u00a0<strong>Historical Origins<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>The first published account of the theorizing that was involved in the development of John M. Keller&#8217;s ARCS model is contained in a 1979\u00a0publication entitled <em>Motivation and Instructional Design: A Theoretical Perspective.<\/em> At that early stage, Keller explains his working definition, &#8220;motivation is generally defined as that which accounts for the arousal, direction, and sustenance of behavior&#8221; (Keller, 1979, p. 29).\u00a0The emergence of Keller&#8217;s model was heavily influenced by a research into a variety of underlying motivational constructs. The theoretical\u00a0alignment of the original ARCS model is covered more in-depth in the <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/chapter\/chapter-2\/\">theoretical alignment<\/a> section. The ARCS model has an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arcsmodel.com\/\">official website.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>A 35 Year Timeline<\/h2>\n<p>Beginning in 1979 John\u00a0Keller began to develop what he calls an aperspectival model of learner motivation (Keller, 2009).\u00a0 The embedded timeline allows you to scroll through some of the major milestones in the continuous development of the model.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-1\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-1\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"1\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Developmental Timeline\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation<\/h2>\n<p>Students who are extrinsically motivated are typically pursuing a task in anticipation of a reward while intrinsically motivated students tend to be more active participants, engaged in the learning process to address curiosity (Reynolds, 2017). Keller (2008) is clear that instructional design should be student-centered enough, that it does not attempt to apply extrinsic motivators to students who are already highly motivated.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Component Parts of\u00a0the Original ARCS Model<\/strong><\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9e\/ARCS_model_components_table.svg\" class=\"size-medium\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" alt=\"image\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By Nicoguaro [CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0)], from Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-189\" width=\"635\" height=\"476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original-65x49.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original-225x169.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original-350x263.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/562\/2018\/11\/ARcs-model-original.png 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\" style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">Links and Resource<\/header>\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">http:\/\/changingminds.org\/explanations\/motivation\/arcs.htm<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":362,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[47],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-5","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-standard"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/362"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":308,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/revisions\/308"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/5\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=5"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/arcanddl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=5"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}