{"id":226,"date":"2023-11-24T13:24:24","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T18:24:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/chapter\/screen-readers\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T12:42:07","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T17:42:07","slug":"screen-readers","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/chapter\/screen-readers\/","title":{"raw":"Screen Readers","rendered":"Screen Readers"},"content":{"raw":"<img class=\"img.chapter noborder aligncenter wp-image-225\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2237\/2023\/11\/Untitled-1-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"211\" height=\"150\" \/>\r\n<strong>On this page:<\/strong>\r\n<ul class=\"navbar\">\r\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul class=\"navbar\">\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#jaws\">JAWS<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#nvda\">NVDA<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#voiceover\">VoiceOver<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#talkback\">TalkBack<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#chromevox\">ChromeVox<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><a id=\"jaws\"><\/a>JAWS<\/h2>\r\nJAWS (Job Access With Speech) is the most popular screen reader software. JAWS is available only for Windows but allows almost every function of Windows to be performed with only the use of a keyboard and audio feedback. JAWS is a very expensive (~$1000USD) and complicated piece of software, but indispensable for blind or low vision students. <a href=\"https:\/\/support.freedomscientific.com\/Downloads\/JAWS\">Download JAWS from Freedom Scientific<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThis guide uses <strong>JAWS <\/strong>to indicate the modifier key, which could be either\u00a0<strong>Caps Lock<\/strong> or\u00a0<strong>Insert<\/strong> depending on user's computer and keyboard layout.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 396px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<th style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Action<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Key command<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Contextual Help (overview of website or document, such as headings, links, etc.)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">View contextual JAWS hotkeys<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Insert b (this control is Insert regardless of keyboard setup)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Show list of all buttons, frames, graphics, lists, links, etc.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Buttons list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Control JAWS B<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Form elements (fields, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Headings list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Links list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Frames list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F9<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Start reading continuously from current point<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS Down arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Stop reading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Control<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Read next item<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Down arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous paragraph<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">P Shift P<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous focusable item (link, button, text field, etc.)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">TAB or Shift TAB<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Activate link or button<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Enter<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous heading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">H or Shift + H<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to main content region<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Q<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous region<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">R or Shift + R<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Next\/previous radio button<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">A or Shift + A<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Next\/Previous frame<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">M or Shift + M<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Toggle on\/off Virtual Cursor<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS Z<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Refresh screen without reloading page<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS Escape<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Speech history (last 100 items read by JAWS)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS Space, then H<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nThis is not an extensive list of JAWS keystrokes.\r\n<h3>Virtual Viewer<\/h3>\r\nPress <strong>JAWS Alt W<\/strong> to open the virtual viewer of the current window. This provides all the text on screen in a line-by-line format that may be easier to navigate or review for messages or codes.\r\n\r\nPress <strong>JAWS Shift V<\/strong> to open the virtual viewer of the current control, such as a popup or notification. This provides all the text in the in the current control in a line-by-line format that by easier to navigate or review for messages or codes.\r\n<h3>Forms Mode<\/h3>\r\nWhen navigating into a properly coded form (on the web, in a PDF) JAWS switches to Forms mode, a sound will play indicating the change. This mode disables many JAWS keystrokes so users can enter text into the form. If users need to enter forms mode press <strong>Enter<\/strong> when focused on a form field and press <strong>Number pad plus<\/strong> (which may be <strong>function ?<\/strong> on laptop keyboards) to exit forms mode.\r\n<h3>PDFs<\/h3>\r\nA properly tagged PDF can be navigated by a JAWS user just like they navigate a webpage using headings (press <strong>h<\/strong>), tables (press <strong>t<\/strong>), and links (press JAWS F7). PDFs can be awkward to read with JAWS. Try pressing\u00a0<strong>Alt Tab<\/strong> until the PDF is focused and press\u00a0<strong>JAWS b<\/strong> to begin reading the current window.\r\n<h3>Convenient OCR<\/h3>\r\nIf JAWS indicates a PDF is empty, it likely means it is an inaccessible PDF (image of text). JAWS has a built in optical character recognition tool to extract text from an image and display it in a format readable by JAWS users. To use Convenient OCR:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Open a PDF<\/li>\r\n \t<li>JAWS should indicate if the PDF is inaccessible and prompt users to use <strong>Convenient OCR<\/strong>. <strong>Tab<\/strong> to Yes and press <strong>Enter<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If JAWS does not prompt the user, or the dialogue is accidentally closed, press <strong>JAWS<\/strong> <strong>Spacebar<\/strong>, then\u00a0<strong>o<\/strong> followed by <strong>d<\/strong>. This will start the Convenient OCR tool.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>When the document is displayed in JAWS Virtual Viewer, press <strong>Tab<\/strong> to <strong>Open in Word<\/strong> and press <strong>Enter<\/strong> to view the document in Word.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3>PlaceMarkers<\/h3>\r\nFor frequently visited websites, users may consider using placemarkers for efficient navigation. Move to the place on the page users want to return to and press\u00a0<strong>Control Shift k\u00a0<\/strong>and then\u00a0<strong>Enter<\/strong> on the Add button. When returning to the page, press\u00a0<strong>k<\/strong> to cycle through placemarkers or press\u00a0<strong>Control Shift k<\/strong> to see list of placemarkers.\r\n<h3>Ignore next key press<\/h3>\r\nWhen encountering something that should be keyboard navigable (for example instructions read \u201cpress left or right arrow to move through content) press <strong>JAWS 3<\/strong> then left or right arrow. <strong>JAWS 3<\/strong> tells JAWS to ignore the next key press and allows navigation of web content as if JAWS weren\u2019t running.\r\n<h3>General Windows Keyboard Commands<\/h3>\r\nIn addition to JAWs commands, there are some Windows keyboard shortcuts that may help users.\r\n\r\n<strong>Control f<\/strong> to search in a webpage\/document.\r\n\r\n<strong>Alt Tab<\/strong> to move between open windows.\r\n\r\n<strong>Windows d<\/strong> moves to desktop. From desktop Windows D moves focus back to previous window.\r\n\r\n<strong>Windows t<\/strong> moves to taskbar. Windows and number opens\/moves to that taskbar item.\r\n\r\nPress <strong>Windows<\/strong> key and type to search computer.\r\n<h3>Links<\/h3>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomscientific.com\/training\/jaws\/hotkeys\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Freedom Scientific JAWS guide to web browsing<\/a>\r\n\r\nFreedom Scientific <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomscientific.com\/Content\/Documents\/Manuals\/JAWS\/Keystrokes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complete list of JAWS keystrokes<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/resources\/shortcuts\/jaws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Web Accessibility in Mind Keyboard Shortcuts for JAWS<\/a>\r\n\r\nDeque University <a href=\"https:\/\/dequeuniversity.com\/screenreaders\/jaws-keyboard-shortcuts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JAWS Keyboard Shortcuts<\/a>\r\n\r\nJAWS has a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomscientific.com\/SurfsUp\/_Surfs_Up_Start_Here.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">webpage for JAWS users to learn<\/a> about and practice surfing the web.\r\n\r\nPortland Community College has a helpful guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/instructional-support\/accessibility\/resources\/jaws\/d2l\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">navigating D2L with JAWS<\/a>\r\n\r\nCracking the Code, <a href=\"https:\/\/doccenter.freedomscientific.com\/doccenter\/archives\/2021_04_15_Tips_for_Reading_PDFs_with_JAWS\/Cracking_the_Code_Reading_PDFs_with_JAWS_Resource_File.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reading PDFs with JAWS<\/a>\r\n\r\nGeneral <a href=\"https:\/\/www.a11yproject.com\/posts\/learning-common-keyboard-shortcuts-for-screen-readers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">screen reader shortcuts<\/a>\r\n<h2><a id=\"nvda\"><\/a>NVDA<\/h2>\r\nNVDA is a free and open-source screen reader. NVDA is available for Windows only. NVDA is second to JAWS in usage, but has many similar features. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nvaccess.org\/download\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download NVDA<\/a> from nvaccess.org\r\n\r\nThe first time NVDA is started will prompt users to set various settings (auto start, user settings, etc.) and most importantly is the NVDA key. This guide will list NVDA as the modifier key, which will refer to whichever key the users chooses (Caps Lock, Insert, Numberpad Insert are available options).\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 689px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Action<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Keystroke<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Open NVDA<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control Alt N<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Close NVDA<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Q and Enter to confirm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Change speech mode (off, beeps, talk)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA S<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Open NVDA menu<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA N<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Preferences<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">(With NVDA menu open) P<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Tools<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">(With NVDA menu open) T<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Help<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA 1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read from current position<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA down arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read current line<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA up arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read previous\/next word<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control left\/right arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read previous\/next paragraph<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control up\/down arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read next item<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Down arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Stop reading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Pause\/resume reading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Shift<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Change rate of speech<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Shift Control up\/down arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Input help (announced button but takes no action)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA 1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Elements (links, headings, buttons, etc.) window<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA F7<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Move between elements lists<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Tab<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Move between focusable elements (links, buttons, forms, menus)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Tab\/Shift Tab<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next heading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">H<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Heading level 1-6<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">1-6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next link<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">K<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next unvisited link<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">U<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next visited link<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">V<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next landmark\/region<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">D<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next form field<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">F<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next text field<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">E<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next checkbox<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">X<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next radio button<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">R<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Open combo box<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Alt down arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next table<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">T<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Navigate table cells<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control Alt up, down, left, right arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next button<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">B<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">L<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next list item<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">I<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next image<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">G<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Move to previous instance<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Shift and above single keystrokes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Search<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Control F<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous search result<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA F3\/NVDA Shift F3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Focus mode (NVDA keystrokes ignored)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Space<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Browse mode (regular NVDA behaviour)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Space<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Ignore next key press<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA F2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3>General Windows Keyboard Commands<\/h3>\r\nIn addition to JAWs commands, there are some Windows keyboard shortcuts that may help users.\r\n\r\n<strong>Control f<\/strong> to search in a webpage\/document.\r\n\r\n<strong>Alt Tab<\/strong> to move between open windows.\r\n\r\n<strong>Windows d<\/strong> moves to desktop. From desktop Windows D moves focus back to previous window.\r\n\r\n<strong>Windows t<\/strong> moves to taskbar. Windows and number opens\/moves to that taskbar item.\r\n\r\nPress <strong>Windows<\/strong> key and type to search computer.\r\n<h3>Links<\/h3>\r\nWeb Access in Mind <a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/articles\/nvda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">introduction to NVDA<\/a>\r\n\r\nWeb Access in Mind list of <a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/resources\/shortcuts\/nvda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NVDA keyboard shortcuts<\/a>\r\n\r\nA11y Project <a href=\"https:\/\/www.a11yproject.com\/posts\/getting-started-with-nvda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">getting started with NVDA<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nvaccess.org\/files\/nvda\/documentation\/userGuide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NVDA official user guide<\/a>\r\n<h2><a id=\"voiceover\"><\/a>VoiceOver<\/h2>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nVoiceOver is a screen reader built-in to macOS and iOS\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Navigate to <strong>System Settings <\/strong>&gt; <strong>Accessibility<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose <strong>VoiceOver<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Toggle<strong> VoiceOver<\/strong> on\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Alternatively, VoiceOver can be toggled using <strong>CMD F5<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nClick <strong>Open VoiceOver Training... <\/strong>for help and training.\r\n\r\nClick<strong> Open VoiceOver Utility\u2026 <\/strong>or <strong>CTRL OPT F8 <\/strong>when VoiceOver is running to open the options and settings screen for VoiceOver, allow users to change speech, sound, and keyboard shortcuts.\r\n\r\nThe default VoiceOver modifier keys are <strong>CTRL OPT<\/strong>. In the following <strong>VO<\/strong> means pressing <strong>CTRL OPT. <\/strong>\r\n\r\n*VoiceOver requires multiple modifier keys as it works within existing macOS system.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 195px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Action<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Keystroke<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Open Rotor to display headings, links, regions, etc. lists.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Start reading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO a<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Stop reading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Control<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Right arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Previous<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Left arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next paragraph<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO p<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next Link<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Command L<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next Heading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Command h<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to table<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Command t<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Activate focused element<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Space<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next link, form field, button, etc.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Tab<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Previous link, form field, etc.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Shift Tab<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n*VoiceOver works best with Safari when browsing the internet.\r\n\r\nUsers may consider using <a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-ca\/guide\/voiceover\/vo27943\/mac\">VoiceOver Quick Nav<\/a> that allow users to skip pressing the VO key combination. To enable this setting:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Navigate to <strong>System Settings<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose <strong>Accessibility <\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select<strong> VoiceOver <\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Select<strong> Open VoiceOver Utility... <\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Move to <strong>Commanders<\/strong> in sidebar<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Move to the<strong>\u00a0Quick Nav<\/strong> tab<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Check <strong>Enable arrow-key Quick Nav<\/strong> and <strong>Enable single-key Quick Nav<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/voiceover\/info\/guide\/_1131.html\">Complete list of VoiceOver commands<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-ca\/guide\/voiceover\/welcome\/mac\">VoiceOver User Guide<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.a11yproject.com\/posts\/getting-started-with-voiceover\/\">Getting started with macOS VoiceOver<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/articles\/voiceover\/\">WebAIM VoiceOver guide<\/a>\r\n<h3>VoiceOver on iPhone<\/h3>\r\nTo turn on VoiceOver:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Navigate to <strong>Settings<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose <strong>Accessibility<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tap <strong>VoiceOver\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Toggle <strong>VoiceOver<\/strong> on\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Various settings are available. Select\u00a0<strong>Speech\u00a0<\/strong>and then\u00a0<strong>Voice<\/strong> to set voice options.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nUsing VoiceOver:\r\n\r\nVoiceOver has a practice area where you can try out different gestures and VoiceOver will announce the gesture and what action that gesture does.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Navigate to <strong>Settings<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Accessibility<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>With VoiceOver on select <strong>VoiceOver Practice.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Tap anywhere on the screen to have item read aloud.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drag finger to move between items<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Swipe right to read next, swipe left to read previous<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Twist two fingers on screen to open rotor\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Rotor allows users to navigate by headings, links, words, or other controls<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Swipe up or down to navigate by chosen navigation type<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tap on element to select, double tap to activate<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tap with two fingers pauses VoiceOver<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Swipe up from bottom to return to Home, keep dragging up to go to App Switcher\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Flick left or right with three fingers to move between apps<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Flick three fingers up to close an app<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-ca\/guide\/iphone\/iph2c21a3c88\/ios\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Use Voice Control to interact with iPhone<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.applevis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AppleVis<\/a> is a resource for blind and low visions users of Apple products.\r\n<h2><a id=\"talkback\"><\/a>TalkBack<\/h2>\r\nTalkBack is the default screen reader for Android. To enable TalkBack:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Navigate to <strong>Settings<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Accessibility.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Turn <strong>TalkBack<\/strong> on and toggle <strong>TalkBack shortcut<\/strong> to on.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>With the shortcut on, hold the up and down volume buttons to turn TalkBack on.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The first time TalkBack is turned on, a tutorial opens.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nUsing TalkBack:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Swipe right to read next, swipe left to read previous.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Tap on the screen to read a specific item.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Tap and drag to move reading focus around page.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Double tap to select a link, use a button, or open a menu.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Swipe down and up in one motion to cycle navigation options such as headings, controls, or links.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Swipe up or down to move between selected element.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTalkBack has a practice area where you can try out different gestures and TalkBack will announce the gesture and what action that gesture does. To use the practice tool:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Navigate to <strong>TalkBack.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li>Choose <strong>TalkBack<\/strong> <strong>Settings<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Tutorial and help<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Practice gestures.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/accessibility\/android\/topic\/10601570?hl=en&amp;ref_topic=3529932&amp;sjid=2464805182940270078-NC\">TalkBack getting started guide.<\/a>\r\n<h2><a id=\"chromevox\"><\/a>ChromeVox (ChromeOS)<\/h2>\r\nChromeVox is the built-in screenreader on Chromebooks.\r\n\r\nToggle ChromeVox on or off by pressing <strong>Control<\/strong> <strong>Alt<\/strong> <strong>z.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTo open ChromeVox menu press <strong>Search.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe ChromeVox menu includes menus for speech options and help as well as lists of headings, landmarks, links, form controls, and tables.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 150px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Action<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Keystroke<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Start reading from current location<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search r<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Go to top of page<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search Control left arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Read next line<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search down arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Read next word<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search control Shift right arrow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to next heading<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search h<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to next link<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search l<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to next landmark<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search ;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to previous heading\/link\/landmark<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Shift Search h l or ;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Show heading list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search Control h<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Show links list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Search Control l<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Show landmark list<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Search control ;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/chromebook\/answer\/7031755?hl=en\">ChromeVox user guide.<\/a>","rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"img.chapter noborder aligncenter wp-image-225\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2237\/2023\/11\/Untitled-1-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"211\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2237\/2023\/11\/Untitled-1-4.png 918w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2237\/2023\/11\/Untitled-1-4-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2237\/2023\/11\/Untitled-1-4-768x546.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2237\/2023\/11\/Untitled-1-4-65x46.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2237\/2023\/11\/Untitled-1-4-225x160.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/atuserguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2237\/2023\/11\/Untitled-1-4-350x249.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>On this page:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"navbar\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"navbar\">\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#jaws\">JAWS<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#nvda\">NVDA<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#voiceover\">VoiceOver<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#talkback\">TalkBack<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"navitem\"><a href=\"#chromevox\">ChromeVox<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"jaws\"><\/a>JAWS<\/h2>\n<p>JAWS (Job Access With Speech) is the most popular screen reader software. JAWS is available only for Windows but allows almost every function of Windows to be performed with only the use of a keyboard and audio feedback. JAWS is a very expensive (~$1000USD) and complicated piece of software, but indispensable for blind or low vision students. <a href=\"https:\/\/support.freedomscientific.com\/Downloads\/JAWS\">Download JAWS from Freedom Scientific<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This guide uses <strong>JAWS <\/strong>to indicate the modifier key, which could be either\u00a0<strong>Caps Lock<\/strong> or\u00a0<strong>Insert<\/strong> depending on user&#8217;s computer and keyboard layout.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 396px\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px\">\n<th style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Action<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\"><strong>Key command<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Contextual Help (overview of website or document, such as headings, links, etc.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">View contextual JAWS hotkeys<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Insert b (this control is Insert regardless of keyboard setup)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Show list of all buttons, frames, graphics, lists, links, etc.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Buttons list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Control JAWS B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Form elements (fields, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Headings list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Links list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Frames list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS F9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Start reading continuously from current point<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS Down arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Stop reading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Read next item<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Down arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous paragraph<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">P Shift P<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous focusable item (link, button, text field, etc.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">TAB or Shift TAB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Activate link or button<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Enter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous heading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">H or Shift + H<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to main content region<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">Q<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous region<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">R or Shift + R<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Next\/previous radio button<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">A or Shift + A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Next\/Previous frame<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">M or Shift + M<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Toggle on\/off Virtual Cursor<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS Z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Refresh screen without reloading page<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS Escape<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 57.9435%;height: 15px\">Speech history (last 100 items read by JAWS)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.0565%;height: 15px\">JAWS Space, then H<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>This is not an extensive list of JAWS keystrokes.<\/p>\n<h3>Virtual Viewer<\/h3>\n<p>Press <strong>JAWS Alt W<\/strong> to open the virtual viewer of the current window. This provides all the text on screen in a line-by-line format that may be easier to navigate or review for messages or codes.<\/p>\n<p>Press <strong>JAWS Shift V<\/strong> to open the virtual viewer of the current control, such as a popup or notification. This provides all the text in the in the current control in a line-by-line format that by easier to navigate or review for messages or codes.<\/p>\n<h3>Forms Mode<\/h3>\n<p>When navigating into a properly coded form (on the web, in a PDF) JAWS switches to Forms mode, a sound will play indicating the change. This mode disables many JAWS keystrokes so users can enter text into the form. If users need to enter forms mode press <strong>Enter<\/strong> when focused on a form field and press <strong>Number pad plus<\/strong> (which may be <strong>function ?<\/strong> on laptop keyboards) to exit forms mode.<\/p>\n<h3>PDFs<\/h3>\n<p>A properly tagged PDF can be navigated by a JAWS user just like they navigate a webpage using headings (press <strong>h<\/strong>), tables (press <strong>t<\/strong>), and links (press JAWS F7). PDFs can be awkward to read with JAWS. Try pressing\u00a0<strong>Alt Tab<\/strong> until the PDF is focused and press\u00a0<strong>JAWS b<\/strong> to begin reading the current window.<\/p>\n<h3>Convenient OCR<\/h3>\n<p>If JAWS indicates a PDF is empty, it likely means it is an inaccessible PDF (image of text). JAWS has a built in optical character recognition tool to extract text from an image and display it in a format readable by JAWS users. To use Convenient OCR:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Open a PDF<\/li>\n<li>JAWS should indicate if the PDF is inaccessible and prompt users to use <strong>Convenient OCR<\/strong>. <strong>Tab<\/strong> to Yes and press <strong>Enter<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>If JAWS does not prompt the user, or the dialogue is accidentally closed, press <strong>JAWS<\/strong> <strong>Spacebar<\/strong>, then\u00a0<strong>o<\/strong> followed by <strong>d<\/strong>. This will start the Convenient OCR tool.<\/li>\n<li>When the document is displayed in JAWS Virtual Viewer, press <strong>Tab<\/strong> to <strong>Open in Word<\/strong> and press <strong>Enter<\/strong> to view the document in Word.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>PlaceMarkers<\/h3>\n<p>For frequently visited websites, users may consider using placemarkers for efficient navigation. Move to the place on the page users want to return to and press\u00a0<strong>Control Shift k\u00a0<\/strong>and then\u00a0<strong>Enter<\/strong> on the Add button. When returning to the page, press\u00a0<strong>k<\/strong> to cycle through placemarkers or press\u00a0<strong>Control Shift k<\/strong> to see list of placemarkers.<\/p>\n<h3>Ignore next key press<\/h3>\n<p>When encountering something that should be keyboard navigable (for example instructions read \u201cpress left or right arrow to move through content) press <strong>JAWS 3<\/strong> then left or right arrow. <strong>JAWS 3<\/strong> tells JAWS to ignore the next key press and allows navigation of web content as if JAWS weren\u2019t running.<\/p>\n<h3>General Windows Keyboard Commands<\/h3>\n<p>In addition to JAWs commands, there are some Windows keyboard shortcuts that may help users.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Control f<\/strong> to search in a webpage\/document.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alt Tab<\/strong> to move between open windows.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Windows d<\/strong> moves to desktop. From desktop Windows D moves focus back to previous window.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Windows t<\/strong> moves to taskbar. Windows and number opens\/moves to that taskbar item.<\/p>\n<p>Press <strong>Windows<\/strong> key and type to search computer.<\/p>\n<h3>Links<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomscientific.com\/training\/jaws\/hotkeys\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Freedom Scientific JAWS guide to web browsing<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Freedom Scientific <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomscientific.com\/Content\/Documents\/Manuals\/JAWS\/Keystrokes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complete list of JAWS keystrokes<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/resources\/shortcuts\/jaws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Web Accessibility in Mind Keyboard Shortcuts for JAWS<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Deque University <a href=\"https:\/\/dequeuniversity.com\/screenreaders\/jaws-keyboard-shortcuts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JAWS Keyboard Shortcuts<\/a><\/p>\n<p>JAWS has a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomscientific.com\/SurfsUp\/_Surfs_Up_Start_Here.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">webpage for JAWS users to learn<\/a> about and practice surfing the web.<\/p>\n<p>Portland Community College has a helpful guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/instructional-support\/accessibility\/resources\/jaws\/d2l\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">navigating D2L with JAWS<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cracking the Code, <a href=\"https:\/\/doccenter.freedomscientific.com\/doccenter\/archives\/2021_04_15_Tips_for_Reading_PDFs_with_JAWS\/Cracking_the_Code_Reading_PDFs_with_JAWS_Resource_File.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reading PDFs with JAWS<\/a><\/p>\n<p>General <a href=\"https:\/\/www.a11yproject.com\/posts\/learning-common-keyboard-shortcuts-for-screen-readers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">screen reader shortcuts<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"nvda\"><\/a>NVDA<\/h2>\n<p>NVDA is a free and open-source screen reader. NVDA is available for Windows only. NVDA is second to JAWS in usage, but has many similar features. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nvaccess.org\/download\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download NVDA<\/a> from nvaccess.org<\/p>\n<p>The first time NVDA is started will prompt users to set various settings (auto start, user settings, etc.) and most importantly is the NVDA key. This guide will list NVDA as the modifier key, which will refer to whichever key the users chooses (Caps Lock, Insert, Numberpad Insert are available options).<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 689px\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px\">\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Action<\/th>\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Keystroke<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Open NVDA<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control Alt N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Close NVDA<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Q and Enter to confirm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Change speech mode (off, beeps, talk)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA S<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Open NVDA menu<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA N<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Preferences<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">(With NVDA menu open) P<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Tools<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">(With NVDA menu open) T<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Help<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read from current position<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA down arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read current line<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA up arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read previous\/next word<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control left\/right arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read previous\/next paragraph<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control up\/down arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Read next item<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Down arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Stop reading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Pause\/resume reading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Shift<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Change rate of speech<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Shift Control up\/down arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Input help (announced button but takes no action)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Elements (links, headings, buttons, etc.) window<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA F7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Move between elements lists<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Tab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Move between focusable elements (links, buttons, forms, menus)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Tab\/Shift Tab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next heading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">H<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Heading level 1-6<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">1-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next link<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next unvisited link<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">U<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next visited link<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next landmark\/region<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">D<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next form field<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next text field<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">E<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next checkbox<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">X<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next radio button<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">R<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Open combo box<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Alt down arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next table<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">T<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Navigate table cells<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Control Alt up, down, left, right arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next button<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next list item<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">I<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Next image<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">G<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Move to previous instance<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">Shift and above single keystrokes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Search<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Control F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Move to next\/previous search result<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA F3\/NVDA Shift F3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Focus mode (NVDA keystrokes ignored)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Browse mode (regular NVDA behaviour)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA Space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.7379%;height: 15px\">Ignore next key press<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.2621%;height: 15px\">NVDA F2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>General Windows Keyboard Commands<\/h3>\n<p>In addition to JAWs commands, there are some Windows keyboard shortcuts that may help users.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Control f<\/strong> to search in a webpage\/document.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alt Tab<\/strong> to move between open windows.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Windows d<\/strong> moves to desktop. From desktop Windows D moves focus back to previous window.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Windows t<\/strong> moves to taskbar. Windows and number opens\/moves to that taskbar item.<\/p>\n<p>Press <strong>Windows<\/strong> key and type to search computer.<\/p>\n<h3>Links<\/h3>\n<p>Web Access in Mind <a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/articles\/nvda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">introduction to NVDA<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Web Access in Mind list of <a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/resources\/shortcuts\/nvda\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NVDA keyboard shortcuts<\/a><\/p>\n<p>A11y Project <a href=\"https:\/\/www.a11yproject.com\/posts\/getting-started-with-nvda\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">getting started with NVDA<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nvaccess.org\/files\/nvda\/documentation\/userGuide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NVDA official user guide<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"voiceover\"><\/a>VoiceOver<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>VoiceOver is a screen reader built-in to macOS and iOS<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Navigate to <strong>System Settings <\/strong>&gt; <strong>Accessibility<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose <strong>VoiceOver<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Toggle<strong> VoiceOver<\/strong> on\n<ol>\n<li>Alternatively, VoiceOver can be toggled using <strong>CMD F5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Click <strong>Open VoiceOver Training&#8230; <\/strong>for help and training.<\/p>\n<p>Click<strong> Open VoiceOver Utility\u2026 <\/strong>or <strong>CTRL OPT F8 <\/strong>when VoiceOver is running to open the options and settings screen for VoiceOver, allow users to change speech, sound, and keyboard shortcuts.<\/p>\n<p>The default VoiceOver modifier keys are <strong>CTRL OPT<\/strong>. In the following <strong>VO<\/strong> means pressing <strong>CTRL OPT. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>*VoiceOver requires multiple modifier keys as it works within existing macOS system.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 195px\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px\">\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Action<\/th>\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Keystroke<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Open Rotor to display headings, links, regions, etc. lists.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Start reading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Stop reading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Right arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Previous<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Left arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next paragraph<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next Link<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Command L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next Heading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Command h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to table<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Command t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Activate focused element<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">VO Space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Next link, form field, button, etc.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Tab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Previous link, form field, etc.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Shift Tab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>*VoiceOver works best with Safari when browsing the internet.<\/p>\n<p>Users may consider using <a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-ca\/guide\/voiceover\/vo27943\/mac\">VoiceOver Quick Nav<\/a> that allow users to skip pressing the VO key combination. To enable this setting:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Navigate to <strong>System Settings<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose <strong>Accessibility <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select<strong> VoiceOver <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Select<strong> Open VoiceOver Utility&#8230; <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Move to <strong>Commanders<\/strong> in sidebar<\/li>\n<li>Move to the<strong>\u00a0Quick Nav<\/strong> tab<\/li>\n<li>Check <strong>Enable arrow-key Quick Nav<\/strong> and <strong>Enable single-key Quick Nav<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/voiceover\/info\/guide\/_1131.html\">Complete list of VoiceOver commands<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-ca\/guide\/voiceover\/welcome\/mac\">VoiceOver User Guide<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.a11yproject.com\/posts\/getting-started-with-voiceover\/\">Getting started with macOS VoiceOver<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/articles\/voiceover\/\">WebAIM VoiceOver guide<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>VoiceOver on iPhone<\/h3>\n<p>To turn on VoiceOver:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Navigate to <strong>Settings<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose <strong>Accessibility<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Tap <strong>VoiceOver\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Toggle <strong>VoiceOver<\/strong> on\n<ol>\n<li>Various settings are available. Select\u00a0<strong>Speech\u00a0<\/strong>and then\u00a0<strong>Voice<\/strong> to set voice options.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Using VoiceOver:<\/p>\n<p>VoiceOver has a practice area where you can try out different gestures and VoiceOver will announce the gesture and what action that gesture does.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Navigate to <strong>Settings<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Accessibility<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>With VoiceOver on select <strong>VoiceOver Practice.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Tap anywhere on the screen to have item read aloud.<\/li>\n<li>Drag finger to move between items<\/li>\n<li>Swipe right to read next, swipe left to read previous<\/li>\n<li>Twist two fingers on screen to open rotor\n<ul>\n<li>Rotor allows users to navigate by headings, links, words, or other controls<\/li>\n<li>Swipe up or down to navigate by chosen navigation type<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tap on element to select, double tap to activate<\/li>\n<li>Tap with two fingers pauses VoiceOver<\/li>\n<li>Swipe up from bottom to return to Home, keep dragging up to go to App Switcher\n<ul>\n<li>Flick left or right with three fingers to move between apps<\/li>\n<li>Flick three fingers up to close an app<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-ca\/guide\/iphone\/iph2c21a3c88\/ios\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Use Voice Control to interact with iPhone<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.applevis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AppleVis<\/a> is a resource for blind and low visions users of Apple products.<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"talkback\"><\/a>TalkBack<\/h2>\n<p>TalkBack is the default screen reader for Android. To enable TalkBack:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Navigate to <strong>Settings<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Accessibility.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Turn <strong>TalkBack<\/strong> on and toggle <strong>TalkBack shortcut<\/strong> to on.\n<ol>\n<li>With the shortcut on, hold the up and down volume buttons to turn TalkBack on.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>The first time TalkBack is turned on, a tutorial opens.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Using TalkBack:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Swipe right to read next, swipe left to read previous.<\/li>\n<li>Tap on the screen to read a specific item.\n<ul>\n<li>Tap and drag to move reading focus around page.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Double tap to select a link, use a button, or open a menu.<\/li>\n<li>Swipe down and up in one motion to cycle navigation options such as headings, controls, or links.\n<ul>\n<li>Swipe up or down to move between selected element.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>TalkBack has a practice area where you can try out different gestures and TalkBack will announce the gesture and what action that gesture does. To use the practice tool:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Navigate to <strong>TalkBack.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Choose <strong>TalkBack<\/strong> <strong>Settings<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Tutorial and help<\/strong> &gt; <strong>Practice gestures.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/accessibility\/android\/topic\/10601570?hl=en&amp;ref_topic=3529932&amp;sjid=2464805182940270078-NC\">TalkBack getting started guide.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"chromevox\"><\/a>ChromeVox (ChromeOS)<\/h2>\n<p>ChromeVox is the built-in screenreader on Chromebooks.<\/p>\n<p>Toggle ChromeVox on or off by pressing <strong>Control<\/strong> <strong>Alt<\/strong> <strong>z.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To open ChromeVox menu press <strong>Search.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The ChromeVox menu includes menus for speech options and help as well as lists of headings, landmarks, links, form controls, and tables.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 150px\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"shaded\" style=\"height: 15px\">\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Action<\/th>\n<th class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\" scope=\"col\">Keystroke<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Start reading from current location<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Go to top of page<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search Control left arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Read next line<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search down arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Read next word<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search control Shift right arrow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to next heading<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to next link<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search l<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to next landmark<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search ;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Move to previous heading\/link\/landmark<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Shift Search h l or ;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Show heading list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 15px\">Search Control h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Show links list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Search Control l<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Show landmark list<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%\">Search control ;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/chromebook\/answer\/7031755?hl=en\">ChromeVox user 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