{"id":74,"date":"2020-12-14T19:57:11","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T00:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/?post_type=chapter&p=74"},"modified":"2021-01-02T19:35:42","modified_gmt":"2021-01-03T00:35:42","slug":"introduction-to-mechanics","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/chapter\/introduction-to-mechanics\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Mechanics","rendered":"Introduction to Mechanics"},"content":{"raw":"

Definitions<\/h1>\r\nMechanics is the branch of the physical sciences that deals with state of rest, or state of motion of bodies that are acted upon by forces.\u00a0 In general it is divided into three main areas\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. rigid-body mechanics<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. deformable-body mechanics<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. fluid mechanics<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nIn this book we will be studying rigid-body mechanics since it is the basics of all mechanics.\u00a0 Rigid-body mechanics is needed for the design and analysis of structural members, mechanical components and even electrical devices that you will be seeing as you continue your study of engineering.\r\n\r\nRigid-body mechanics are divided into the two areas of statics and dynamics.\u00a0 Statics deals with the equilibrium of bodies where the net force is zero so that the body is either at rest or moving at a constant velocity.\u00a0 Dynamics deals with bodies that are being accelerated.\u00a0 Clearly, statics is a special case of dynamics where the acceleration is zero, but in engineering, statics is created separately due to that the fact that many objects are designed with the idea that they will be in equilibrium at all times.\r\n

    Historical Development<\/h1>\r\nIt is clear from ancient writings that it is impossible to state when the study of statics began.\u00a0 Archimedes (287-212 BCE) clearly wrote about the principles of the lever in the book On the Equilibrium of Planes<\/b><\/i>\u00a0(Greek<\/a>:\u00a0\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f31\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span>) \u00a0 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archimedes \u00a0<\/a> The first book establishes the law of the lever, and locates the centre of gravity of the triangle and trapezoid.\u00a0 \u00a0According to\u00a0Pappus of Alexandria<\/a>,\u00a0Archimedes<\/a>' work on levers caused him to remark: \"Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth.\" (Greek<\/a>:\u00a0\u03b4\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u1fb6 \u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03bd \u03b3\u1fb6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9<\/span>).\u00a0<\/sup>\r\n\r\nPulleys, inclined planes and wrenches are recorded in building construction documents.\u00a0 \u00a0The ancient Egyptian pyramids are more than 4000 years old.\u00a0 Henry Petroski has written many great books on engineering and you can access a short essay on the Egyptian pyramids as inclined planes at https:\/\/www.americanscientist.org\/sites\/americanscientist.org\/files\/200541892740_306.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nIf you want more information on the history of engineering, visit Jennifer Kirkey's book on Engineering in Society.\u00a0 https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/engineeringinsociety\/\u00a0<\/a>\r\n\r\nWe tend to focus on the work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) who is famous for his work on falling bodies where he showed that objects of different masses will fall at the same rate if air resistance can be minimized.\u00a0 His work on pendulums gave us an accurate way to measure time.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_180\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"511\"]\"Portrait This painting of Galileo Galilei was done about 1630 CE by the famous painter Peter Paul Rubens. This painting is in the public domain due to its age. CC0. It is held in a private collection. This digital file was obtained from Wikipedia.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIssac Newton (1642-1727) is considered to be the most significant contributor to this science, and this is where we will formally begin the textbook with his three laws of motion and the law of gravity.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_181\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"640\"]\"Portrait Sir Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller, painted in 1702 CE. This portrait is part of the National Portrait Gallery in London, England. https:\/\/www.npg.org.uk\/collections\/search\/portrait\/mw04660\/Sir-Isaac-Newton. CCBY due to the age of the painting and due to the fact that it is being used in an academic publication as per the copyright regulations of the National Portrait Gallery.[\/caption]","rendered":"

    Definitions<\/h1>\n

    Mechanics is the branch of the physical sciences that deals with state of rest, or state of motion of bodies that are acted upon by forces.\u00a0 In general it is divided into three main areas<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. rigid-body mechanics<\/li>\n
    2. deformable-body mechanics<\/li>\n
    3. fluid mechanics<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      In this book we will be studying rigid-body mechanics since it is the basics of all mechanics.\u00a0 Rigid-body mechanics is needed for the design and analysis of structural members, mechanical components and even electrical devices that you will be seeing as you continue your study of engineering.<\/p>\n

      Rigid-body mechanics are divided into the two areas of statics and dynamics.\u00a0 Statics deals with the equilibrium of bodies where the net force is zero so that the body is either at rest or moving at a constant velocity.\u00a0 Dynamics deals with bodies that are being accelerated.\u00a0 Clearly, statics is a special case of dynamics where the acceleration is zero, but in engineering, statics is created separately due to that the fact that many objects are designed with the idea that they will be in equilibrium at all times.<\/p>\n

      Historical Development<\/h1>\n

      It is clear from ancient writings that it is impossible to state when the study of statics began.\u00a0 Archimedes (287-212 BCE) clearly wrote about the principles of the lever in the book On the Equilibrium of Planes<\/b><\/i>\u00a0(Greek<\/a>:\u00a0\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f31\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd<\/span>) \u00a0 https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archimedes \u00a0<\/a> The first book establishes the law of the lever, and locates the centre of gravity of the triangle and trapezoid.\u00a0 \u00a0According to\u00a0Pappus of Alexandria<\/a>,\u00a0Archimedes<\/a>‘ work on levers caused him to remark: “Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the Earth.” (Greek<\/a>:\u00a0\u03b4\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u1fb6 \u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70\u03bd \u03b3\u1fb6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c9<\/span>).\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

      Pulleys, inclined planes and wrenches are recorded in building construction documents.\u00a0 \u00a0The ancient Egyptian pyramids are more than 4000 years old.\u00a0 Henry Petroski has written many great books on engineering and you can access a short essay on the Egyptian pyramids as inclined planes at https:\/\/www.americanscientist.org\/sites\/americanscientist.org\/files\/200541892740_306.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

      If you want more information on the history of engineering, visit Jennifer Kirkey’s book on Engineering in Society.\u00a0 https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/engineeringinsociety\/\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

      We tend to focus on the work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) who is famous for his work on falling bodies where he showed that objects of different masses will fall at the same rate if air resistance can be minimized.\u00a0 His work on pendulums gave us an accurate way to measure time.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \"Portrait
      This painting of Galileo Galilei was done about 1630 CE by the famous painter Peter Paul Rubens. This painting is in the public domain due to its age. CC0. It is held in a private collection. This digital file was obtained from Wikipedia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Issac Newton (1642-1727) is considered to be the most significant contributor to this science, and this is where we will formally begin the textbook with his three laws of motion and the law of gravity.<\/p>\n

      \"Portrait
      Sir Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller, painted in 1702 CE. This portrait is part of the National Portrait Gallery in London, England. https:\/\/www.npg.org.uk\/collections\/search\/portrait\/mw04660\/Sir-Isaac-Newton. CCBY due to the age of the painting and due to the fact that it is being used in an academic publication as per the copyright regulations of the National Portrait Gallery.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-74","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":161,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/74","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/74\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":182,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/74\/revisions\/182"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/161"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/74\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=74"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=74"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcengrphys3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=74"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}