Appendices
Appendix C: Fundamental Constants
Appendix C: Fundamental Constants
| Quantity | Symbol | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic mass unit | u | 1.660 538 782(83)×10−27kg931.494 028(23)MeV/c2 |
| Avogadro’s number | NA | 6.022 141 79(30)×1023particles/mol |
| Bohr magneton | μB=eℏ2me | 9.274 009 15(23)×10−24J/T |
| Bohr radius | a0=ℏ2mee2ke | 5.291 772 085 9(36)×10−11m |
| Boltzmann’s constant | kB=RNA | 1.380 650 4(24)×10−23J/K |
| Compton wavelength | λC=hmec | 2.426 310 217 5(33)×10−12m |
| Coulomb constant | ke=14πε0 | 8.987 551 788…×109N·m2/C2(exact) |
| Deuteron mass | md | 3.343 583 20(17)×10−27kg2.013 553 212 724(78)u1875.612 859MeV/c2 |
| Electron mass | me | 9.109 382 15(45)×10−31kg5.485 799 094 3(23)×10−4u0.510 998 910(13)MeV/c2 |
| Electron volt | eV | 1.602 176 487(40)×10−19J |
| Elementary charge | e | 1.602 176 487(40)×10−19C |
| Gas constant | R | 8.314 472(15)J/mol·K |
| Gravitational constant | G | 6.674 28(67)×10−11N·m2/kg2 |
| Neutron mass | mn | 1.674 927 211(84)×10−27kg1.008 664 915 97(43)u939.565 346(23)MeV/c2 |
| Nuclear magneton | μn=eℏ2mp | 5.050 783 24(13)×10−27J/T |
| Permeability of free space | μ0 | 4π×10−7T·m/A(exact) |
| Permittivity of free space | ε0=1μ0c2 | 8.854 187 817…×10−12C2/N·m2(exact) |
| Planck’s constant | h ℏ=h2π |
6.626 068 96(33)×10−34J·s1.054 571 628(53)×10−34J·s |
| Proton mass | mp | 1.672 621 637(83)×10−27kg1.007 276 466 77(10)u938.272 013(23)MeV/c2 |
| Rydberg constant | RH | 1.097 373 156 852 7(73)×107m−1 |
| Speed of light in vacuum | c | 2.997 924 58×108m/s(exact) |
Table C1 Fundamental Constants Note: These constants are the values recommended in 2006 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. The numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits.
Useful combinations of constants for calculations:
hc=12,400eV·Å=1240eV·nm=1240MeV·fm
ℏc=1973eV·Å=197.3eV·nm=197.3MeV·fm
kee2=14.40eV·Å=1.440eV·nm=1.440MeV·fm
kBT=0.02585eV atT=300K
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