{"id":259,"date":"2019-04-09T01:58:09","date_gmt":"2019-04-09T05:58:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/?post_type=chapter&p=259"},"modified":"2019-04-09T20:57:34","modified_gmt":"2019-04-10T00:57:34","slug":"appendix-c-fundamental-constants","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/chapter\/appendix-c-fundamental-constants\/","title":{"raw":"Appendix C: Fundamental Constants","rendered":"Appendix C: Fundamental Constants"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Quantity<\/th>\r\nSymbol<\/th>\r\nValue<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Atomic mass unit<\/td>\r\nu<\/td>\r\n1.660 538 782(83)\u00d710\u221227kg931.494 028(23)MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Avogadro\u2019s number<\/td>\r\nNA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n6.022 141 79(30)\u00d71023particles\/mol<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bohr magneton<\/td>\r\n\u03bcB=e\u210f2me<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n9.274 009 15(23)\u00d710\u221224J\/T<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bohr radius<\/td>\r\na0=\u210f2mee2ke<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n5.291 772 085 9(36)\u00d710\u221211m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Boltzmann\u2019s constant<\/td>\r\nkB=RNA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n1.380 650 4(24)\u00d710\u221223J\/K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Compton wavelength<\/td>\r\n\u03bbC=hmec<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n2.426 310 217 5(33)\u00d710\u221212m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Coulomb constant<\/td>\r\nke=14\u03c0\u03b50<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n8.987 551 788...\u00d7109N\u00b7m2\/C2(exact)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Deuteron mass<\/td>\r\nmd<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n3.343 583 20(17)\u00d710\u221227kg2.013 553 212 724(78)u1875.612 859MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Electron mass<\/td>\r\nme<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n9.109 382 15(45)\u00d710\u221231kg5.485 799 094 3(23)\u00d710\u22124u0.510 998 910(13)MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Electron volt<\/td>\r\neV<\/td>\r\n1.602 176 487(40)\u00d710\u221219J<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Elementary charge<\/td>\r\ne<\/em><\/td>\r\n1.602 176 487(40)\u00d710\u221219C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Gas constant<\/td>\r\nR<\/em><\/td>\r\n8.314 472(15)J\/mol\u00b7K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Gravitational constant<\/td>\r\nG<\/em><\/td>\r\n6.674 28(67)\u00d710\u221211N\u00b7m2\/kg2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Neutron mass<\/td>\r\nmn<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n1.674 927 211(84)\u00d710\u221227kg1.008 664 915 97(43)u939.565 346(23)MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Nuclear magneton<\/td>\r\n\u03bcn=e\u210f2mp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n5.050 783 24(13)\u00d710\u221227J\/T<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Permeability of free space<\/td>\r\n\u03bc0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n4\u03c0\u00d710\u22127T\u00b7m\/A(exact)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Permittivity of free space<\/td>\r\n\u03b50=1\u03bc0c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n8.854 187 817...\u00d710\u221212C2\/N\u00b7m2(exact)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Planck\u2019s constant<\/td>\r\nh<\/em>\r\n<\/span>\u210f=h2\u03c0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n6.626 068 96(33)\u00d710\u221234J\u00b7s1.054 571 628(53)\u00d710\u221234J\u00b7s<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Proton mass<\/td>\r\nmp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n1.672 621 637(83)\u00d710\u221227kg1.007 276 466 77(10)u938.272 013(23)MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Rydberg constant<\/td>\r\nRH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n1.097 373 156 852 7(73)\u00d7107m\u22121<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Speed of light in vacuum<\/td>\r\nc<\/em><\/td>\r\n2.997 924 58\u00d7108m\/s(exact)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
Table\u00a0<\/span>C1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Fundamental Constants<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Note:\u00a0<\/strong>These constants are the values recommended in 2006 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. The numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits.<\/span><\/em><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Useful combinations of constants for calculations:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

hc=12,400eV\u00b7\u00c5=1240eV\u00b7nm=1240MeV\u00b7fm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u210fc=1973eV\u00b7\u00c5=197.3eV\u00b7nm=197.3MeV\u00b7fm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

kee2=14.40eV\u00b7\u00c5=1.440eV\u00b7nm=1.440MeV\u00b7fm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n

kBT=0.02585eV atT=300K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n \r\n

Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/af275420-6050-4707-995c-57b9cc13c358@11.1<\/em><\/div>","rendered":"
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Quantity<\/th>\nSymbol<\/th>\nValue<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Atomic mass unit<\/td>\nu<\/td>\n1.660 538 782(83)\u00d710\u221227kg931.494 028(23)MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Avogadro\u2019s number<\/td>\nNA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n6.022 141 79(30)\u00d71023particles\/mol<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bohr magneton<\/td>\n\u03bcB=e\u210f2me<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n9.274 009 15(23)\u00d710\u221224J\/T<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bohr radius<\/td>\na0=\u210f2mee2ke<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n5.291 772 085 9(36)\u00d710\u221211m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Boltzmann\u2019s constant<\/td>\nkB=RNA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1.380 650 4(24)\u00d710\u221223J\/K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Compton wavelength<\/td>\n\u03bbC=hmec<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n2.426 310 217 5(33)\u00d710\u221212m<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Coulomb constant<\/td>\nke=14\u03c0\u03b50<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n8.987 551 788…\u00d7109N\u00b7m2\/C2(exact)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Deuteron mass<\/td>\nmd<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n3.343 583 20(17)\u00d710\u221227kg2.013 553 212 724(78)u1875.612 859MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Electron mass<\/td>\nme<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n9.109 382 15(45)\u00d710\u221231kg5.485 799 094 3(23)\u00d710\u22124u0.510 998 910(13)MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Electron volt<\/td>\neV<\/td>\n1.602 176 487(40)\u00d710\u221219J<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Elementary charge<\/td>\ne<\/em><\/td>\n1.602 176 487(40)\u00d710\u221219C<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gas constant<\/td>\nR<\/em><\/td>\n8.314 472(15)J\/mol\u00b7K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gravitational constant<\/td>\nG<\/em><\/td>\n6.674 28(67)\u00d710\u221211N\u00b7m2\/kg2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Neutron mass<\/td>\nmn<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1.674 927 211(84)\u00d710\u221227kg1.008 664 915 97(43)u939.565 346(23)MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nuclear magneton<\/td>\n\u03bcn=e\u210f2mp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n5.050 783 24(13)\u00d710\u221227J\/T<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Permeability of free space<\/td>\n\u03bc0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n4\u03c0\u00d710\u22127T\u00b7m\/A(exact)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Permittivity of free space<\/td>\n\u03b50=1\u03bc0c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n8.854 187 817…\u00d710\u221212C2\/N\u00b7m2(exact)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Planck\u2019s constant<\/td>\nh<\/em>
\n<\/span>\u210f=h2\u03c0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n		6.626 068 96(33)\u00d710\u221234J\u00b7s1.054 571 628(53)\u00d710\u221234J\u00b7s<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proton mass<\/td>\nmp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1.672 621 637(83)\u00d710\u221227kg1.007 276 466 77(10)u938.272 013(23)MeV\/c2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rydberg constant<\/td>\nRH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n1.097 373 156 852 7(73)\u00d7107m\u22121<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Speed of light in vacuum<\/td>\nc<\/em><\/td>\n2.997 924 58\u00d7108m\/s(exact)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Table\u00a0<\/span>C1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Fundamental Constants<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Note:\u00a0<\/strong>These constants are the values recommended in 2006 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different measurements. The numbers in parentheses for the values represent the uncertainties of the last two digits.<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Useful combinations of constants for calculations:<\/strong><\/p>\n

hc=12,400eV\u00b7\u00c5=1240eV\u00b7nm=1240MeV\u00b7fm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u210fc=1973eV\u00b7\u00c5=197.3eV\u00b7nm=197.3MeV\u00b7fm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

kee2=14.40eV\u00b7\u00c5=1.440eV\u00b7nm=1.440MeV\u00b7fm<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

kBT=0.02585eV atT=300K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Download for free at http:\/\/cnx.org\/contents\/af275420-6050-4707-995c-57b9cc13c358@11.1<\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":615,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Appendices","pb_subtitle":"Appendix C: Fundamental Constants","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-259","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":253,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/615"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":331,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/259\/revisions\/331"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/253"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/259\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=259"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=259"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/bcitphys8400\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}