{"id":75,"date":"2024-02-22T19:01:16","date_gmt":"2024-02-23T00:01:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/chapter\/2-14-structures-verbes-en-er-adverbes\/"},"modified":"2025-10-25T16:09:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T20:09:50","slug":"grammaire-verbes-en-er","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/chapter\/grammaire-verbes-en-er\/","title":{"raw":"Grammaire 1: -ER verbs","rendered":"Grammaire 1: -ER verbs"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n
On \u00e9tudie !<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Before going further, let's review a few grammatical terminologies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When a verb is not conjugated, it does not have a subject that is performing the action. This is called the infinitive form (i.e.\u00a0aimer, danser, dormir<\/strong>).<\/p>\r\n

To make infinitives in English we place the word\u00a0to\u00a0in front of verb: \"to<\/span> study, to<\/span> like, to<\/span> walk, to<\/span> dream\", etc.<\/p>\r\n

The infinitives of most French words end in\u00a0-er<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00e9tudier<\/strong>,\u00a0aimer<\/strong>,\u00a0danser<\/strong>,\u00a0marcher<\/strong>,\u00a0etc. These are called \"regular -er verbs.\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Present tense of regular -er verbs<\/h3>\r\n

We have been practicing the verb aimer<\/strong> (to like, to love) along with different subjects since section 7.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Conjugaison au pr\u00e9sent du verbe\u00a0<\/span>aimer\u00a0<\/strong>(to like, to love):<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
pronoms sujets au singulier<\/th>\r\npronoms sujets au pluriel<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
j'aime<\/strong><\/td>\r\nnous aimons<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
tu aimes<\/strong><\/td>\r\nvous aimez<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
il\/elle\/on aime<\/strong><\/td>\r\nils\/elles aiment<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

We have been specifically using aimer<\/strong><\/span> along with a second verb in the infinitive form (un infinitif<\/strong>) to indicate likes and dislikes:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
sujets<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\nverbe\u00a0aimer<\/strong><\/th>\r\ninfinitif<\/th>\r\n(translation)<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Je (j')<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\naime<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\ndanser<\/strong><\/td>\r\n(I like to danse)<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tu<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\naimes<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\ndormir<\/strong><\/td>\r\n(You like to sleep)<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Elles<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nn'<\/span>aiment <\/strong><\/span>pas<\/span><\/span><\/td>\r\n\u00e9tudier<\/strong><\/td>\r\n(They don't like to study)<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n

Conjugating any regular -er<\/strong> verb is easy! You need to identify the stem (le radical<\/strong>) by removing -er<\/strong> from the infinitive form and remember the six present tense endings specific to\u00a0<\/span>-er <\/strong>verbs:<\/span>-e<\/strong>,<\/span>-es<\/strong>,<\/span>-e<\/strong>,<\/span>-ons<\/strong>,<\/span>-ez<\/strong>,<\/span>-ent<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

1) Identify the stem:<\/h3>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u00a0<\/caption>\r\n
infinitive form (translation)<\/strong><\/th>\r\nstem<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
aimer<\/strong> (to like)<\/td>\r\naim-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00e9tudier<\/strong> (to study)\r\n\r\ntravailler<\/strong> (to work)\r\n\r\netc.<\/td>\r\n\u00e9tudi-\r\n\r\ntravaill-\r\n\r\netc.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

2) Add the ending that corresponds to the subject:<\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u00a0<\/caption>\r\n
Sujets<\/th>\r\nTerminaisons<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
je<\/td>\r\n-e<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
tu<\/td>\r\n-es<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
il, elle, on<\/td>\r\n-e<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
nous<\/td>\r\n-ons<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
vous<\/td>\r\n-ez<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
ils, elles<\/td>\r\n-ent<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n

All regular\u00a0-er<\/strong>\u00a0verbs are conjugated in the same way. So, if you remember how to match the endings with the subjects of the verb, then you will be able to use thousands of verbs correctly such as the ones below. Familiarize yourself with the list of common -er verb in the vocabulary section.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u00a0<\/caption>\r\n
Pronoms sujets<\/th>\r\nTerminaisons<\/th>\r\nExemples<\/th>\r\nExamples<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
je<\/td>\r\n-e\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2192<\/strong><\/td>\r\nje danse<\/strong><\/td>\r\nI dance<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
tu<\/td>\r\n-es\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192<\/strong><\/td>\r\ntu chantes<\/strong><\/td>\r\nyou sing<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
il\/elle\/on<\/td>\r\n-e\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192<\/strong><\/td>\r\nelle habite<\/strong><\/td>\r\nshe lives<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
nous<\/td>\r\n-ons\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2192<\/strong><\/td>\r\nnous arrivons<\/strong><\/td>\r\nwe arrive<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
vous<\/td>\r\n-ez\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192<\/strong><\/td>\r\nvous mangez<\/strong><\/td>\r\nyou (all) eat<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
ils\/elles<\/td>\r\n-ent\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192<\/strong><\/td>\r\nils voyagent<\/strong><\/td>\r\nthey travel<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n

The following tables conjugate the regular -er<\/strong> verb\u00a0\u00e9tudier<\/strong> and parler<\/strong> with the same familiar endings.<\/p>\r\n\u00c9TUDIER<\/strong> (to study)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
pronoms sujets au singulier<\/th>\r\npronoms sujets au pluriel<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
j'\u00e9tudie<\/strong><\/td>\r\nnous \u00e9tudions<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
tu \u00e9tudies<\/strong><\/td>\r\nvous \u00e9tudiez<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
il\/elle\/on \u00e9tudie<\/strong><\/td>\r\nils\/elles \u00e9tudient<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
PARLER <\/span><\/strong>(to speak, to talk)<\/span><\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
pronoms sujets au singulier<\/th>\r\npronoms sujets au pluriel<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
je parle<\/strong><\/td>\r\nnous parlons<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
tu parles<\/strong><\/td>\r\nvous parlez<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
il\/elle\/on parle<\/strong><\/td>\r\nils\/elles parlent<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires:\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Watch this video to practice pronouncing the verb\u00a0\u00e9tudier<\/a> and the <\/span>verb\u00a0<\/span>parler<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nNotes<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. Notice that je<\/strong> becomes j'<\/strong> when a verb starts with a vowel (or mute h). I.e. j'<\/strong>\u00e9tudie, j'<\/strong>habite. (I study, I live.)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t
  2. You will notice that all the forms in the left column (je, tu, il\/elle\/on<\/strong>) and the ils\/elles<\/strong> forms are all pronounced the same: the endings -e<\/strong>, -es<\/strong>, and -ent<\/strong> are all silent: thus, \u00e9tudie<\/strong>, \u00e9tudies<\/strong> and \u00e9tudient<\/strong> sound exactly the same even though the spelling is different.<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. Because the verbs aimer<\/strong> and \u00e9tudier<\/strong> both start with vowels (a-, \u00e9-<\/strong>), the subjects on<\/strong>, nous<\/strong>, vous<\/strong>, ils<\/strong> and elles<\/strong> will be pronounced differently! The last letter for each of these subject-pronouns is normally silent (-n, - s<\/strong>), but with verbs that start with a vowel, they must be pronounced. This is called making liaisons<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t
  4. Verbs like manger<\/strong> (to eat) and commencer<\/strong> (to start) have a spelling change in the nous<\/strong> form: nous mange<\/span>ons, nous\u00a0 commen\u00e7<\/span>ons <\/strong>to preserve the soft g<\/strong> and c<\/strong> sound.<\/li>\r\n \t
  5. French present tense indicates an action that is either actually occurring at the time of speaking, or that happens in general. The French present may be translated in three different ways in English depending on the intended meaning. For example:<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n
    \r\n
    \r\n
    \r\n

    Craig parle fran\u00e7ais.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0=Craig is speaking French.<\/em> (right now, progressive action)\r\n

    \r\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0or<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 =Craig speaks French.<\/em> (in general, habitual action)\r\n

    \r\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0or<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0=Craig does speak French.<\/em> (emphatic or contrastive)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

    \n
    On \u00e9tudie !<\/span><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
    \n

    Before going further, let’s review a few grammatical terminologies.<\/span><\/p>\n

    When a verb is not conjugated, it does not have a subject that is performing the action. This is called the infinitive form (i.e.\u00a0aimer, danser, dormir<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

    To make infinitives in English we place the word\u00a0to\u00a0in front of verb: “to<\/span> study, to<\/span> like, to<\/span> walk, to<\/span> dream”, etc.<\/p>\n

    The infinitives of most French words end in\u00a0-er<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00e9tudier<\/strong>,\u00a0aimer<\/strong>,\u00a0danser<\/strong>,\u00a0marcher<\/strong>,\u00a0etc. These are called “regular -er verbs.”<\/p>\n

    Present tense of regular -er verbs<\/h3>\n

    We have been practicing the verb aimer<\/strong> (to like, to love) along with different subjects since section 7.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    Conjugaison au pr\u00e9sent du verbe\u00a0<\/span>aimer\u00a0<\/strong>(to like, to love):<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    pronoms sujets au singulier<\/th>\npronoms sujets au pluriel<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    j’aime<\/strong><\/td>\nnous aimons<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tu aimes<\/strong><\/td>\nvous aimez<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    il\/elle\/on aime<\/strong><\/td>\nils\/elles aiment<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n
    \n

     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    \n

    We have been specifically using aimer<\/strong><\/span> along with a second verb in the infinitive form (un infinitif<\/strong>) to indicate likes and dislikes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    sujets<\/th>\n<\/th>\nverbe\u00a0aimer<\/strong><\/th>\ninfinitif<\/th>\n(translation)<\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Je (j’)<\/td>\n<\/td>\naime<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ndanser<\/strong><\/td>\n(I like to danse)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Tu<\/td>\n<\/td>\naimes<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ndormir<\/strong><\/td>\n(You like to sleep)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Elles<\/td>\n<\/td>\nn’<\/span>aiment <\/strong><\/span>pas<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\u00e9tudier<\/strong><\/td>\n(They don’t like to study)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Conjugating any regular -er<\/strong> verb is easy! You need to identify the stem (le radical<\/strong>) by removing -er<\/strong> from the infinitive form and remember the six present tense endings specific to\u00a0<\/span>-er <\/strong>verbs:<\/span>-e<\/strong>,<\/span>-es<\/strong>,<\/span>-e<\/strong>,<\/span>-ons<\/strong>,<\/span>-ez<\/strong>,<\/span>-ent<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n<\/div>\n

    1) Identify the stem:<\/h3>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00a0<\/caption>\n
    infinitive form (translation)<\/strong><\/th>\nstem<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    aimer<\/strong> (to like)<\/td>\naim-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00e9tudier<\/strong> (to study)<\/p>\n

    travailler<\/strong> (to work)<\/p>\n

    etc.<\/td>\n

    		\u00e9tudi-<\/p>\n

    travaill-<\/p>\n

    etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    2) Add the ending that corresponds to the subject:<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00a0<\/caption>\n
    Sujets<\/th>\nTerminaisons<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    je<\/td>\n-e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tu<\/td>\n-es<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    il, elle, on<\/td>\n-e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    nous<\/td>\n-ons<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    vous<\/td>\n-ez<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ils, elles<\/td>\n-ent<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<\/table>\n
    \n
    \n

     <\/p>\n

    All regular\u00a0-er<\/strong>\u00a0verbs are conjugated in the same way. So, if you remember how to match the endings with the subjects of the verb, then you will be able to use thousands of verbs correctly such as the ones below. Familiarize yourself with the list of common -er verb in the vocabulary section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00a0<\/caption>\n
    Pronoms sujets<\/th>\nTerminaisons<\/th>\nExemples<\/th>\nExamples<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    je<\/td>\n-e\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2192<\/strong><\/td>\nje danse<\/strong><\/td>\nI dance<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tu<\/td>\n-es\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192<\/strong><\/td>\ntu chantes<\/strong><\/td>\nyou sing<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    il\/elle\/on<\/td>\n-e\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192<\/strong><\/td>\nelle habite<\/strong><\/td>\nshe lives<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    nous<\/td>\n-ons\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2192<\/strong><\/td>\nnous arrivons<\/strong><\/td>\nwe arrive<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    vous<\/td>\n-ez\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192<\/strong><\/td>\nvous mangez<\/strong><\/td>\nyou (all) eat<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ils\/elles<\/td>\n-ent\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192<\/strong><\/td>\nils voyagent<\/strong><\/td>\nthey travel<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n

     <\/p>\n

    The following tables conjugate the regular -er<\/strong> verb\u00a0\u00e9tudier<\/strong> and parler<\/strong> with the same familiar endings.<\/p>\n

    \u00c9TUDIER<\/strong> (to study)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    pronoms sujets au singulier<\/th>\npronoms sujets au pluriel<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    j’\u00e9tudie<\/strong><\/td>\nnous \u00e9tudions<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tu \u00e9tudies<\/strong><\/td>\nvous \u00e9tudiez<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    il\/elle\/on \u00e9tudie<\/strong><\/td>\nils\/elles \u00e9tudient<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    PARLER <\/span><\/strong>(to speak, to talk)<\/span><\/div>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    pronoms sujets au singulier<\/th>\npronoms sujets au pluriel<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    je parle<\/strong><\/td>\nnous parlons<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    tu parles<\/strong><\/td>\nvous parlez<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    il\/elle\/on parle<\/strong><\/td>\nils\/elles parlent<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n
    \n

    Ressources suppl\u00e9mentaires:\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

    Watch this video to practice pronouncing the verb\u00a0\u00e9tudier<\/a> and the <\/span>verb\u00a0<\/span>parler<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    Notes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \n
    1. Notice that je<\/strong> becomes j’<\/strong> when a verb starts with a vowel (or mute h). I.e. j’<\/strong>\u00e9tudie, j’<\/strong>habite. (I study, I live.)<\/em><\/li>\n
    2. You will notice that all the forms in the left column (je, tu, il\/elle\/on<\/strong>) and the ils\/elles<\/strong> forms are all pronounced the same: the endings -e<\/strong>, -es<\/strong>, and -ent<\/strong> are all silent: thus, \u00e9tudie<\/strong>, \u00e9tudies<\/strong> and \u00e9tudient<\/strong> sound exactly the same even though the spelling is different.<\/li>\n
    3. Because the verbs aimer<\/strong> and \u00e9tudier<\/strong> both start with vowels (a-, \u00e9-<\/strong>), the subjects on<\/strong>, nous<\/strong>, vous<\/strong>, ils<\/strong> and elles<\/strong> will be pronounced differently! The last letter for each of these subject-pronouns is normally silent (-n, – s<\/strong>), but with verbs that start with a vowel, they must be pronounced. This is called making liaisons<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
    4. Verbs like manger<\/strong> (to eat) and commencer<\/strong> (to start) have a spelling change in the nous<\/strong> form: nous mange<\/span>ons, nous\u00a0 commen\u00e7<\/span>ons <\/strong>to preserve the soft g<\/strong> and c<\/strong> sound.<\/li>\n
    5. French present tense indicates an action that is either actually occurring at the time of speaking, or that happens in general. The French present may be translated in three different ways in English depending on the intended meaning. For example:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      Craig parle fran\u00e7ais.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0=Craig is speaking French.<\/em> (right now, progressive action)<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0or<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 =Craig speaks French.<\/em> (in general, habitual action)<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0or<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0=Craig does speak French.<\/em> (emphatic or contrastive)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1947,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-75","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":550,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/75","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1947"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/75\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1775,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/75\/revisions\/1775"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/550"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/75\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=75"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=75"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/capufren100\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=75"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}