{"id":370,"date":"2025-11-29T19:18:30","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T00:18:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/?post_type=back-matter&p=370"},"modified":"2025-11-29T19:18:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T00:18:44","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/back-matter\/glossary\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary","rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"","rendered":"
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algorithmic cultures<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Social and cultural practices that are shaped by algorithms, such as recommendation systems on platforms.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

algorithmic logic<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The rules and decision processes built into algorithms that shape what content is shown or prioritized.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

applied cognitive linguistics<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A branch of linguistics that uses ideas from cognitive science to understand and support language learning and use.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

bi-directional citation tracing<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Looking at both who a paper cites and who later cites that paper, to follow conversations through the literature.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

civil society<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Groups and organizations outside government and business, such as community groups and NGOs, that take part in public life.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

cognitive language pedagogy<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Teaching approaches that draw on cognitive science to explain how people learn and process language.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

constructivist views of culture<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The idea that culture is constantly created and negotiated through social interaction, rather than fixed or given.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

corpus<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A large, organized collection of texts or data that researchers analyze to find patterns.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

cultural democracy<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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The idea that all groups should have equal opportunities to create, share, and access cultural expression.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

cyberculture<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Cultures, practices, and communities that develop in and around digital networks and online spaces.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

cyberspace<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The virtual environment created by interconnected computers, networks, and digital communication.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

datafication<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Turning aspects of everyday life into data that can be collected, analyzed, and used for decision-making.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

deterritorialization<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The weakening of ties between culture and a specific geographic place, often through migration and digital media.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

diaspora<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Groups of people who live outside their ancestral homeland but maintain connections to it.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

digital age<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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The period in which digital technologies are central to communication, work, and everyday life.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

digital culture<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Shared meanings, practices, and values that arise around digital technologies and online life.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

digital infrastructure<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The underlying hardware, software, networks, and platforms that support digital communication and services.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

digital media<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Content that is created, stored, and shared in digital form, such as websites, videos, and social media posts.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

digital platforms<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Online services that host and organize user activity, such as social media sites, streaming services, or learning platforms.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

digital revolution<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The large-scale social and economic changes brought about by the spread of digital technologies.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

disembodiment<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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In digital communication, disembodiment refers to the way online interaction can loosen the link between our physical bodies and how we present ourselves. Many cues tied to the body (such as appearance, accent, or physical location) may be hidden, altered, or re-imagined in online spaces, which can both open up new possibilities for identity and interaction and raise questions about power, visibility, and exclusion.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

empirical study<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A study that is based on collecting and analyzing data from observations, experiences, or experiments.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

epistemic cultures<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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The different ways groups or disciplines create and justify knowledge.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

epistemic stance<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A speaker\u2019s or writer\u2019s position about knowledge, such as how certain, doubtful, or open they are about a claim.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

experimental study<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A study that tests the effect of one or more variables by deliberately changing something and comparing outcomes across groups.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Fourth Age<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A proposed era in which everyday communication is strongly shaped by AI models that filter, generate, or transform messages.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

generative AI<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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AI systems that can create new content such as text, images, or audio based on patterns learned from data.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

hallucinations<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Confident but incorrect or invented outputs produced by AI language models.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

hidden cultures<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Unspoken norms, expectations, and power relations that shape how people experience online courses or platforms.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

horizontal and simultaneous form of transmission<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Communication flows where many people can share and receive information at the same time, rather than information moving top-down in sequence.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

hybrid cultural forms<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Cultural practices or products that mix elements from different cultural traditions.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

hybrid genres<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Text or media types that combine features of several established genres, such as a vlog that is part diary, part tutorial.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

hypermedia<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Linked digital content that can include text, images, audio, and video.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

hypertext<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Non-linear digital text that is connected by hyperlinks, allowing readers to jump between sections or documents.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Digital tools and systems used to handle information and support communication, such as computers, networks, and mobile devices.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

intercultural communication<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Communication between people from different cultural backgrounds, where cultural differences may affect meaning.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

intercultural or cross-cultural learning<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Learning that involves comparing or engaging with different cultural perspectives, practices, or experiences.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Journalism Studies<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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The academic study of journalism, news production, and their role in society.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

knowledge society<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A society in which knowledge creation, access, and use are central to economic and social life.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

large language models (LLMs)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A type of AI system trained on large amounts of text to generate and interpret human-like language.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

localization<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Adapting technologies, interfaces, or content to fit the language and cultural norms of a specific place or group.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

localization work<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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The practical activities of adapting content or tools for local languages, cultures, and conditions.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

longitudinal studies<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A study that collects data from the same participants or settings over an extended period of time.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

media culture<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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The shared practices, values, and meanings that arise around media industries and media use.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

media studies<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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An academic field that examines media technologies, industries, texts, and audiences.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

mediagraphy<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A method that traces people\u2019s media use over time to understand their media habits and meanings.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

mediascapes<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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The global flows of media images and narratives that people draw on to make sense of the world.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

mediatized cultural landscape<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A social environment in which media are deeply woven into how culture is produced and experienced.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

model defaults<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The built-in settings and behaviors of an AI model that shape what it tends to produce unless users adjust it.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

model-mediated communication<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Communication in which AI models help filter, translate, summarize, or generate messages between people.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

multimodal communication<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Communication that uses several modes at once, such as language, images, sound, and layout.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

multimodal resources<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The different types of meaning-making tools, such as images, gestures, or sound, used together in communication.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

normative<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Value-based; concerned with what should happen or what is judged right or wrong, rather than simply describing what exists.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

participatory culture<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A culture in which people not only consume media but also actively create, share, and remix it.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

participatory platforms<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Platforms that invite users to actively contribute content, comments, or creative work.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

platform affordances<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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What a platform makes easy or hard to do, based on its design and features.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

platform norms<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The explicit and implicit rules, expectations, and conventions that govern acceptable behaviour, interactions, and content sharing within a specific digital platform.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

platform vernaculars<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Distinctive styles, norms, and ways of speaking or posting that develop on particular platforms.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

political economy (of media\/tech\/AI)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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The study of how economic interests and power relations shape media, technologies, networks and AI systems.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

popular nationalism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

National pride and identity expressed through everyday culture and media, not just official politics.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

post-industrial digital age<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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A phase in which economies rely heavily on information, services, and digital technologies rather than manufacturing.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

public cultural sector<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

State-supported institutions and programs that fund or provide cultural activities, such as museums and arts councils.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Second Age<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A way of describing the era when the web and early online communities became widespread, after initial experiments with networking.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

semiotic resources<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The different sign systems (such as language, images, sound, or layout) people use to make meaning.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Sociolinguistics<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The study of how language use varies across social groups and situations.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

sociotechnical reality<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A view of the world that recognizes social and technical elements as deeply intertwined.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

superdiversity<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A high level of diversity where many different variables (such as language, migration history, and legal status) intersect.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

surveillance (data\/tech governance sense)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Monitoring people\u2019s activities and data, often by states or companies, to track behaviour or manage risks.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

symbolic goods<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Cultural products, such as books or films, whose value lies largely in their meanings rather than physical properties.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

technology-assisted language learning<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Language learning supported by digital tools such as apps, platforms, or online resources.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Third Age<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A suggested era marked by social media platforms, smartphones, and highly commercialized online spaces.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

third space<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A conceptual space where cultures meet and new, hybrid identities and meanings can emerge.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

transcultural communication<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Communication that moves across and mixes cultural boundaries, not just between two fixed cultures.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

transcultural competence<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The ability to navigate, understand, and act effectively across multiple cultural contexts.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

transculturalization<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Processes through which cultural practices and ideas circulate, mix, and change across contexts.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

translanguaging practices<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
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Flexible language use in which speakers draw on all their linguistic resources rather than keeping languages separate.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

virtual intercultural interface<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Points of contact in digital spaces where people from different cultures interact.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

virtual learning environments<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Online platforms designed to support teaching and learning, often with tools for content, communication, and assessment.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"author":2031,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[38],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-370","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry","back-matter-type-glossary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2031"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":371,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/370\/revisions\/371"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/370\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=370"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=370"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/ccdw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}