{"id":3291,"date":"2018-05-01T13:39:14","date_gmt":"2018-05-01T17:39:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/?post_type=chapter&p=3291"},"modified":"2019-06-11T18:00:22","modified_gmt":"2019-06-11T22:00:22","slug":"2-6-langara-end-of-chapter-problems","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/chapter\/2-6-langara-end-of-chapter-problems\/","title":{"raw":"2.6 End of Chapter Problems","rendered":"2.6 End of Chapter Problems"},"content":{"raw":"1. For each of the following measurements, state the amount of uncertainty and then determine which measurement is most precise:\r\n\r\na) 2x102<\/sup> mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b)\u00a02.0x102<\/sup> mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) 2.00x102<\/sup> mL of water\r\n\r\nd) 2.000x102<\/sup> mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0e) 200 mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0f) 200. mL of water\r\n\r\n2. Write the following in correct scientific notation and list the number of significant figures in each:\r\na) 0.00406 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b)\u00a0 3,500,000\r\n\r\nc)\u00a0154 x 10-2<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d)\u00a0 0.00001256 x 106<\/sup>\r\n\r\n3. State the number of significant figures in each of the following:\r\na) 275 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 b)\u00a0 2.75 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 c) 0.275\r\n\r\nd)\u00a0 0.00275\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 e) 2750.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0f) 2.75 x 105<\/sup>\r\n\r\n4. Write the following numbers in scientific notation:\r\na) 426.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b) 337300.0\r\n\r\nc)\u00a0 0.000003\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d)\u00a0 0.02003\r\n\r\n5. Express the results of each of the following calculations to the appropriate number of significant figures:\r\na) 13.196 + 0.0825 + 2.32 + 0.0013 =\r\nb) 721.56 \u2013 0.394 =\r\nc)\u00a0 (5.23x10-2<\/sup>)\u00a0 +\u00a0(6.01x10-3<\/sup>)\u00a0 +\u00a0 (8x10-3<\/sup>)\u00a0 +\u00a0(3.273x10-2<\/sup>)\u00a0\u00a0 =\r\nd) \u00a0 (3.21 x 432 x 65)\/563 \u00a0=\r\n\r\ne) \u00a0 (8.57x10-2<\/sup> \u00a0x \u00a06.02x1023<\/sup>\u00a0 x \u00a02.543) \/ (361\u00a0 x\u00a0 907)\u00a0 =\r\n\r\nf) \u00a0 (2.01 x 43.9 x\u00a067.0) \/ (23.9 x 0.016) \u00a0=\r\n

6. Express the results of each of the following calculations to the appropriate number of significant figures, and in scientific notation:\r\na) (4.9x103<\/sup>)2<\/sup> =\r\nb)\u00a0 (3.8x10-6<\/sup>)\u00a0 x\u00a0 (2.1x102<\/sup>)\u00a0 =\r\nc)\u00a0 (4.4x10-7<\/sup>) \u00a0\u00f7 \u00a0(1.2x105<\/sup>)\u00a0 =\r\nd)\u00a0 (7.86x10-2<\/sup>)\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0(18.6x10-3<\/sup>)\u00a0 =\r\ne)\u00a0 (1.6x103<\/sup>)\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0(8.53x102<\/sup>)\u00a0 +\u00a07.5\u00a0 =<\/p>\r\n

7. For the following calculations, determine the answer using the appropriate number of significant figure, units and using proper scientific notation:\r\na) (1.93 x 102<\/sup> g)(44.7 m\/s)2<\/sup> \/ 2\u00a0(where 2 is an exact number)\r\nb)\u00a0 (8.334 x 107<\/sup>g) \/ (1.95 x 102<\/sup>cm)3<\/sup>\r\nc)\u00a0 4.20 m\u00a0x 1.1 m \u2013 (4.5 x 103<\/sup>cm2<\/sup>)<\/p>\r\n

8. Solve the following, expressing the answers in scientific notation:\r\na) (0.101 cm)(0.15 cm) +\u00a0(10.50 cm)(0.105 cm)\u00a0 =\r\nb) \u00a0 (0.27104 m \/ 0.0150 sec) \u00a0- \u00a0(\u00a038.171 m \/ 3.022 sec)\u00a0 =<\/p>\r\n9. Express the results of each of the following calculations to the appropriate number of significant figures:\r\n\r\na) (1.00x1018<\/sup>) +\u00a0 (5.6x1017<\/sup>) =\r\nb) \u00a0 (317 \u00a0- \u00a0314.35) \u00a0\u00f7 \u00a04.0 \u00a0=\r\nc)\u00a0 30.5 + 3.05 + 0.305 + 0.0305 =\r\nd) \u00a0\u00a0(3.03 \u00a0+ \u00a08.14) \u00a0\u00f7 \u00a0(427.78 - 362.060) \u00a0=\r\ne) \u00a0\u00a0(<\/span>6.5 g + 9.5 g)<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00f7 \u00a025.00 mL =\r\n\r\n10. \u00a0The volume of a container is 5982 mm3<\/sup>.\r\n\r\na) What is the volume in cubic feet, ft3<\/sup>? (1 ft = 0.3048 m)\r\n\r\nb) If it takes 0.23 seconds to add 1.00 mL of water to the container, how many seconds does it take to fill the entire container?\r\n\r\n11. \u00a0One mile equals 1.609 kilometers. If you are going 110 km\/h, how many minutes will it take you to travel 254 miles?\r\n\r\n12. \u00a0On July 23rd<\/sup>, 1983, Air Canada Flight 143 required 22,300 kg of jet fuel to fly from Montreal to Edmonton. The density of jet fuel is 0.803 g\/mL, or 1.77 lb\/L. The plane had 7682 L of fuel on board in Montreal. The ground crew there multiplied the 7682 L by the factor 1.77 and concluded that they had 13,597 kg of fuel on board and needed an additional 8703 kg for the trip. They divided 8703 kg by the factor 1.77 and concluded that they needed to add 4916 L of fuel. They added 5000 L. On its flight, the plane ran out of fuel and crashed near Winnipeg, hundred of kilometers short of its destination (there were few injuries and luckily, no fatalities). What mistake did the ground crew make? How much fuel SHOULD they have added before take off?\r\n\r\n13. \u00a0Perform the following calculation and report the answer in cm, with proper significant figures: \u00a0\u00a013.25 cm + 26 mm \u2013 7.8 cm + 0.186 m\r\n\r\n14. \u00a0Complete the following conversions:\r\n\r\n498 cm\/s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ km\/h\r\n\r\n63 km\/h \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ cm\/s\r\n\r\n89o<\/sup>C\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ K\r\n\r\n821 K\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ o<\/sup>C\r\n\r\n802 kg\/m3<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ g\/mL\r\n\r\n10024 g\/mL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ kg\/L\r\n\r\n38 mL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ cm3\r\n\r\n0.00924 km\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0________ mm\r\n\r\n7098 mm\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ dm\r\n\r\n2987 \u00b5m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ mm\r\n\r\n0.78 L\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ cm3\r\n\r\n908 mg\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ kg\r\n\r\n87.8 mm\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ nm\r\n\r\n89.2 m3<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ mm3<\/sup>\r\n\r\n3 x 108<\/sup>m\/s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ km\/year\r\n\r\n15. \u00a0An Erlenmeyer flask has a mass of 392.6 g when empty. When filled with water (density = 1.00 g\/cm3<\/sup>), the total mass is 503.5 g. If the flask is emptied and then filled with chloroform (density = 1.48 g\/cm3<\/sup>), what will the total mass (container + chloroform) be?\r\n\r\n16. \u00a0Alcohol has a density of 789 g\/L. If you need 85 g of alcohol, what volume of alcohol would you need?\r\n\r\n17. \u00a0Nickel has a density of 8.90 x 103<\/sup>g\/L and mercury has a density of 13.6 x 103<\/sup>g\/L.\r\na) What volume of mercury has the same mass as a 40.0 cm3<\/sup>\u00a0piece of nickel?\r\nb) What mass of nickel occupies the same volume as 200.0 g of mercury?\r\n\r\n18. \u00a0Gold has a density of 19.3 g\/mL. If 5.79 mg of gold is hammered into a gold leaf of uniform thickness with an area of 4.46 x 103\u00a0<\/sup>mm2<\/sup>, what is the thickness of the gold leaf?\r\n\r\n19. \u00a0The square nut pictured below is 14.00 mm on edge, 6.00 mm thick, and has a 7.0 mm diameter hole. The density of the metal used in the nuts is 7.87 g\/cm3<\/sup>. Approximately how many of these nuts are present in a 1.00 lb package? (Note: 1 lb = 453.6 g)\r\n\r\n20. \u00a0A container of unknown volume has a mass of 32.105 g. When filled completely with a fluid of density 0.9982 g\/mL, the container and contents have a mass of 42.062 g (at 20 o<\/sup>C). When filled with benzene at 20 o<\/sup>C, the container and contents have a mass of 40.873 g. What is the density of benzene at 20 o<\/sup>C?\r\n\r\n21. \u00a0A 3.50 mL piece of boron has a mass of 8.19 g. What is the density of boron?\r\n\r\n22. An object made of iron is immersed in water. The object has a mass of 250 g. If the density of iron is 7.86 g\/cm3<\/sup>, what is the volume of the water displaced by the iron object?\r\n\r\n23. \u00a0Evaluate 0.00000000552 \u00d7 0.0000000006188 and express the answer in scientific notation. You may have to rewrite the original numbers in scientific notation first.\r\n\r\n24. \u00a0Express the number 6.022 \u00d7 10<\/span>23<\/sup> in standard notation.<\/span>\r\n\r\n25. \u00a0When powers of 10 are multiplied together, the powers are added together. For example, 102<\/sup> \u00d7 103<\/sup> = 102+3<\/sup> = 105<\/sup>. With this in mind, can you evaluate (4.506 \u00d7 104<\/sup>) \u00d7 (1.003 \u00d7 102<\/sup>) without entering scientific notation into your calculator?\r\n\r\n26. \u00a0Consider the quantity two dozen eggs. Is the number in this quantity \u201ctwo\u201d or \u201ctwo dozen\u201d? Justify your choice.\r\n\r\n27. \u00a0Fill in the blank: 1 km = ______________ \u03bcm.\r\n\r\n28. \u00a0Fill in the blank: 1 cL = ______________ ML.\r\n\r\n29. \u00a0Express 67.3 km\/h in meters\/second.\r\n\r\n30. \u00a0Using the idea that 1.602 km = 1.000 mi, convert a speed of 60.0 mi\/h into kilometers\/hour.\r\n\r\n31. \u00a0Convert 52.09 km\/h into meters\/second.\r\n\r\n32. \u00a0Use the formulas for converting degrees Fahrenheit into degrees Celsius to determine the relative size of the Fahrenheit degree over the Celsius degree.\r\n\r\n33. What is the mass of 12.67 L of mercury?\r\n\r\n34. \u00a0What is the volume of 2.884 kg of gold?\r\n

Answers<\/h2>\r\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0 a) \u00b1 100\u00a0mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b) \u00b1 10\u00a0mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) \u00b1 1\u00a0mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

d) \u00b1 0.1\u00a0mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0e) \u00b1 100 mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0f) \u00b1 1 mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

And the most precise measurement is (d) because it has the least amount of uncertainty.\r\nb)\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b1 1 mL or so, 438 mL\r\nc)\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b1 0.001 \u00b0C or so, 10.060 o<\/sup>C<\/p>\r\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 4.06 x 10-3<\/sup>= 3 significant figures\r\nb)\u00a0 <\/span>3.5 x 106<\/sup>= 2 significant figures\r\nc) 1.54 or 1.54 x 100<\/sup>= 3 significant figures\r\nd)\u00a0 <\/span>1.256 x 101<\/sup>= 4 significant figures<\/p>\r\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>b) 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>c) 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>d) 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>e) 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>f) 3<\/p>\r\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 4.267x102<\/sup>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>b) 3.373000x105 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>c) 3x10-6 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>d) 2.003x10-2<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\r\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 15.60 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b) 721.17 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) 9.9x10-2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>d) 1.6x102 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>e) 4.01x1017 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>f) 1.5x104<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\r\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 2.4x107 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>b) 8.0x10-4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>c) 3.7x10-12 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>d) 6.00x10-2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>e) 8x102<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\r\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 1.93 x 105<\/sup>g\u00b7<\/span>m2<\/sup>\/s2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>b)\u00a0 <\/span>11.2 g\/cm3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>c) 4.2 m2<\/sup>or 4.2 x 104<\/sup>cm2<\/sup><\/p>\r\n

8.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 1.12 cm2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>b) 5.4 m\/s<\/p>\r\n

9.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 1.56x1018 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>b) 0.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) 33.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0d) 0.1700 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0e) 0.640 g\/mL<\/p>\r\n

10.\u00a0 a) 2.113\u00a0<\/span>x 10-4<\/sup>ft3<\/sup>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>b)\u00a0<\/span>1.4 s<\/p>\r\n

11. 220 minutes (2.2 x 102<\/sup>minutes)<\/p>\r\n

12. The crew used the wrong conversion factor (using\u00a01.77 lb\/L as if it were 1.77 kg\/L) and didn\u2019t pay attention to proper cancellation of units (to catch the mistake). \u00a0They should have added 2.01 x 104<\/sup>L of fuel (at least).<\/p>\r\n

13.\u00a0 <\/span>26.6 cm (or 26.7 cm OK)<\/p>\r\n

14.\u00a0 <\/span>17.9; \u00a0\u00a01.8 x 103<\/sup>; \u00a0\u00a0362; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>548;\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>0.802; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>10024; \u00a0\u00a038;<\/p>\r\n

9.24 x 103<\/sup>; \u00a0 70.98; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>2.987; \u00a0\u00a07.8 x 102<\/sup>; \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>9.08 x 10-4<\/sup>;<\/p>\r\n

8.78 x 107<\/sup>; \u00a0 \u00a08.92 x 1010<\/sup>; \u00a0 9 x 1012<\/sup><\/p>\r\n

15.\u00a0 <\/span>557 g<\/p>\r\n

16.\u00a0 <\/span>0.11 L<\/p>\r\n

17.\u00a0 <\/span>a) 0.0262 L or 26.2 cm3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>b)\u00a0 <\/span>131 g<\/p>\r\n

18.\u00a0 <\/span>6.73 x 10-5<\/sup>mm<\/p>\r\n

19.\u00a0 <\/span>approximately 61 nuts<\/p>\r\n

20.\u00a0 <\/span>0.8790 g\/mL<\/p>\r\n

21.\u00a0 <\/span>2.34 g\/mL<\/p>\r\n

22.\u00a0 <\/span>32 mL<\/p>\r\n23. \u00a03.42 \u00d7 10\u221218<\/sup>\r\n

\r\n\r\n24. \u00a0602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n\r\n25. \u00a0<\/b>4.520 \u00d7 106<\/sup>\r\n\r\n26. \u00a0The quantity is two; dozen is the unit.\r\n\r\n27. \u00a0<\/strong>1,000,000,000\r\n\r\n28. \u00a01\/100,000,000\r\n\r\n29. \u00a018.7 m\/s\r\n\r\n30. \u00a096.1 km\/h\r\n\r\n31. \u00a014.47 m\/s\r\n\r\n32. \u00a0One Fahrenheit degree is nine-fifths the size of a Celsius degree.\r\n\r\n33. \u00a01.72 \u00d7 105<\/sup> g\r\n\r\n34. \u00a0149 mL\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

1. For each of the following measurements, state the amount of uncertainty and then determine which measurement is most precise:<\/p>\n

a) 2×102<\/sup> mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b)\u00a02.0×102<\/sup> mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) 2.00×102<\/sup> mL of water<\/p>\n

d) 2.000×102<\/sup> mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0e) 200 mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0f) 200. mL of water<\/p>\n

2. Write the following in correct scientific notation and list the number of significant figures in each:
\na) 0.00406 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b)\u00a0 3,500,000<\/p>\n

c)\u00a0154 x 10-2<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d)\u00a0 0.00001256 x 106<\/sup><\/p>\n

3. State the number of significant figures in each of the following:
\na) 275 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 b)\u00a0 2.75 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 c) 0.275<\/p>\n

d)\u00a0 0.00275\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 e) 2750.0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0f) 2.75 x 105<\/sup><\/p>\n

4. Write the following numbers in scientific notation:
\na) 426.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b) 337300.0<\/p>\n

c)\u00a0 0.000003\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d)\u00a0 0.02003<\/p>\n

5. Express the results of each of the following calculations to the appropriate number of significant figures:
\na) 13.196 + 0.0825 + 2.32 + 0.0013 =
\nb) 721.56 \u2013 0.394 =
\nc)\u00a0 (5.23×10-2<\/sup>)\u00a0 +\u00a0(6.01×10-3<\/sup>)\u00a0 +\u00a0 (8×10-3<\/sup>)\u00a0 +\u00a0(3.273×10-2<\/sup>)\u00a0\u00a0 =
\nd) \u00a0 (3.21 x 432 x 65)\/563 \u00a0=<\/p>\n

e) \u00a0 (8.57×10-2<\/sup> \u00a0x \u00a06.02×1023<\/sup>\u00a0 x \u00a02.543) \/ (361\u00a0 x\u00a0 907)\u00a0 =<\/p>\n

f) \u00a0 (2.01 x 43.9 x\u00a067.0) \/ (23.9 x 0.016) \u00a0=<\/p>\n

6. Express the results of each of the following calculations to the appropriate number of significant figures, and in scientific notation:
\na) (4.9×103<\/sup>)2<\/sup> =
\nb)\u00a0 (3.8×10-6<\/sup>)\u00a0 x\u00a0 (2.1×102<\/sup>)\u00a0 =
\nc)\u00a0 (4.4×10-7<\/sup>) \u00a0\u00f7 \u00a0(1.2×105<\/sup>)\u00a0 =
\nd)\u00a0 (7.86×10-2<\/sup>)\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0(18.6×10-3<\/sup>)\u00a0 =
\ne)\u00a0 (1.6×103<\/sup>)\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0(8.53×102<\/sup>)\u00a0 +\u00a07.5\u00a0 =<\/p>\n

7. For the following calculations, determine the answer using the appropriate number of significant figure, units and using proper scientific notation:
\na) (1.93 x 102<\/sup> g)(44.7 m\/s)2<\/sup> \/ 2\u00a0(where 2 is an exact number)
\nb)\u00a0 (8.334 x 107<\/sup>g) \/ (1.95 x 102<\/sup>cm)3<\/sup>
\nc)\u00a0 4.20 m\u00a0x 1.1 m \u2013 (4.5 x 103<\/sup>cm2<\/sup>)<\/p>\n

8. Solve the following, expressing the answers in scientific notation:
\na) (0.101 cm)(0.15 cm) +\u00a0(10.50 cm)(0.105 cm)\u00a0 =
\nb) \u00a0 (0.27104 m \/ 0.0150 sec) \u00a0– \u00a0(\u00a038.171 m \/ 3.022 sec)\u00a0 =<\/p>\n

9. Express the results of each of the following calculations to the appropriate number of significant figures:<\/p>\n

a) (1.00×1018<\/sup>) +\u00a0 (5.6×1017<\/sup>) =
\nb) \u00a0 (317 \u00a0– \u00a0314.35) \u00a0\u00f7 \u00a04.0 \u00a0=
\nc)\u00a0 30.5 + 3.05 + 0.305 + 0.0305 =
\nd) \u00a0\u00a0(3.03 \u00a0+ \u00a08.14) \u00a0\u00f7 \u00a0(427.78 – 362.060) \u00a0=
\ne) \u00a0\u00a0(<\/span>6.5 g + 9.5 g)<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00f7 \u00a025.00 mL =<\/p>\n

10. \u00a0The volume of a container is 5982 mm3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

a) What is the volume in cubic feet, ft3<\/sup>? (1 ft = 0.3048 m)<\/p>\n

b) If it takes 0.23 seconds to add 1.00 mL of water to the container, how many seconds does it take to fill the entire container?<\/p>\n

11. \u00a0One mile equals 1.609 kilometers. If you are going 110 km\/h, how many minutes will it take you to travel 254 miles?<\/p>\n

12. \u00a0On July 23rd<\/sup>, 1983, Air Canada Flight 143 required 22,300 kg of jet fuel to fly from Montreal to Edmonton. The density of jet fuel is 0.803 g\/mL, or 1.77 lb\/L. The plane had 7682 L of fuel on board in Montreal. The ground crew there multiplied the 7682 L by the factor 1.77 and concluded that they had 13,597 kg of fuel on board and needed an additional 8703 kg for the trip. They divided 8703 kg by the factor 1.77 and concluded that they needed to add 4916 L of fuel. They added 5000 L. On its flight, the plane ran out of fuel and crashed near Winnipeg, hundred of kilometers short of its destination (there were few injuries and luckily, no fatalities). What mistake did the ground crew make? How much fuel SHOULD they have added before take off?<\/p>\n

13. \u00a0Perform the following calculation and report the answer in cm, with proper significant figures: \u00a0\u00a013.25 cm + 26 mm \u2013 7.8 cm + 0.186 m<\/p>\n

14. \u00a0Complete the following conversions:<\/p>\n

498 cm\/s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ km\/h<\/p>\n

63 km\/h \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ cm\/s<\/p>\n

89o<\/sup>C\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ K<\/p>\n

821 K\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ o<\/sup>C<\/p>\n

802 kg\/m3<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ g\/mL<\/p>\n

10024 g\/mL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ kg\/L<\/p>\n

38 mL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ cm3<\/p>\n

0.00924 km\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0________ mm<\/p>\n

7098 mm\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ dm<\/p>\n

2987 \u00b5m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ mm<\/p>\n

0.78 L\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ cm3<\/p>\n

908 mg\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ kg<\/p>\n

87.8 mm\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ nm<\/p>\n

89.2 m3<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ mm3<\/sup><\/p>\n

3 x 108<\/sup>m\/s\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0 ________ km\/year<\/p>\n

15. \u00a0An Erlenmeyer flask has a mass of 392.6 g when empty. When filled with water (density = 1.00 g\/cm3<\/sup>), the total mass is 503.5 g. If the flask is emptied and then filled with chloroform (density = 1.48 g\/cm3<\/sup>), what will the total mass (container + chloroform) be?<\/p>\n

16. \u00a0Alcohol has a density of 789 g\/L. If you need 85 g of alcohol, what volume of alcohol would you need?<\/p>\n

17. \u00a0Nickel has a density of 8.90 x 103<\/sup>g\/L and mercury has a density of 13.6 x 103<\/sup>g\/L.
\na) What volume of mercury has the same mass as a 40.0 cm3<\/sup>\u00a0piece of nickel?
\nb) What mass of nickel occupies the same volume as 200.0 g of mercury?<\/p>\n

18. \u00a0Gold has a density of 19.3 g\/mL. If 5.79 mg of gold is hammered into a gold leaf of uniform thickness with an area of 4.46 x 103\u00a0<\/sup>mm2<\/sup>, what is the thickness of the gold leaf?<\/p>\n

19. \u00a0The square nut pictured below is 14.00 mm on edge, 6.00 mm thick, and has a 7.0 mm diameter hole. The density of the metal used in the nuts is 7.87 g\/cm3<\/sup>. Approximately how many of these nuts are present in a 1.00 lb package? (Note: 1 lb = 453.6 g)<\/p>\n

20. \u00a0A container of unknown volume has a mass of 32.105 g. When filled completely with a fluid of density 0.9982 g\/mL, the container and contents have a mass of 42.062 g (at 20 o<\/sup>C). When filled with benzene at 20 o<\/sup>C, the container and contents have a mass of 40.873 g. What is the density of benzene at 20 o<\/sup>C?<\/p>\n

21. \u00a0A 3.50 mL piece of boron has a mass of 8.19 g. What is the density of boron?<\/p>\n

22. An object made of iron is immersed in water. The object has a mass of 250 g. If the density of iron is 7.86 g\/cm3<\/sup>, what is the volume of the water displaced by the iron object?<\/p>\n

23. \u00a0Evaluate 0.00000000552 \u00d7 0.0000000006188 and express the answer in scientific notation. You may have to rewrite the original numbers in scientific notation first.<\/p>\n

24. \u00a0Express the number 6.022 \u00d7 10<\/span>23<\/sup> in standard notation.<\/span><\/p>\n

25. \u00a0When powers of 10 are multiplied together, the powers are added together. For example, 102<\/sup> \u00d7 103<\/sup> = 102+3<\/sup> = 105<\/sup>. With this in mind, can you evaluate (4.506 \u00d7 104<\/sup>) \u00d7 (1.003 \u00d7 102<\/sup>) without entering scientific notation into your calculator?<\/p>\n

26. \u00a0Consider the quantity two dozen eggs. Is the number in this quantity \u201ctwo\u201d or \u201ctwo dozen\u201d? Justify your choice.<\/p>\n

27. \u00a0Fill in the blank: 1 km = ______________ \u03bcm.<\/p>\n

28. \u00a0Fill in the blank: 1 cL = ______________ ML.<\/p>\n

29. \u00a0Express 67.3 km\/h in meters\/second.<\/p>\n

30. \u00a0Using the idea that 1.602 km = 1.000 mi, convert a speed of 60.0 mi\/h into kilometers\/hour.<\/p>\n

31. \u00a0Convert 52.09 km\/h into meters\/second.<\/p>\n

32. \u00a0Use the formulas for converting degrees Fahrenheit into degrees Celsius to determine the relative size of the Fahrenheit degree over the Celsius degree.<\/p>\n

33. What is the mass of 12.67 L of mercury?<\/p>\n

34. \u00a0What is the volume of 2.884 kg of gold?<\/p>\n

Answers<\/h2>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0 a) \u00b1 100\u00a0mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b) \u00b1 10\u00a0mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) \u00b1 1\u00a0mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

d) \u00b1 0.1\u00a0mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0e) \u00b1 100 mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0f) \u00b1 1 mL of water\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

And the most precise measurement is (d) because it has the least amount of uncertainty.
\nb)\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b1 1 mL or so, 438 mL
\nc)\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b1 0.001 \u00b0C or so, 10.060 o<\/sup>C<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 4.06 x 10-3<\/sup>= 3 significant figures
\nb)\u00a0 <\/span>3.5 x 106<\/sup>= 2 significant figures
\nc) 1.54 or 1.54 x 100<\/sup>= 3 significant figures
\nd)\u00a0 <\/span>1.256 x 101<\/sup>= 4 significant figures<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>b) 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>c) 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>d) 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>e) 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>f) 3<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 4.267×102<\/sup>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>b) 3.373000×105 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>c) 3×10-6 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>d) 2.003×10-2<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 15.60 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0b) 721.17 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) 9.9×10-2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>d) 1.6×102 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>e) 4.01×1017 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>f) 1.5×104<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 2.4×107 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>b) 8.0×10-4 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>c) 3.7×10-12 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>d) 6.00×10-2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>e) 8×102<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 1.93 x 105<\/sup>g\u00b7<\/span>m2<\/sup>\/s2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>b)\u00a0 <\/span>11.2 g\/cm3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>c) 4.2 m2<\/sup>or 4.2 x 104<\/sup>cm2<\/sup><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 1.12 cm2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>b) 5.4 m\/s<\/p>\n

9.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>a) 1.56×1018 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sup>b) 0.7 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0c) 33.9 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0d) 0.1700 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0e) 0.640 g\/mL<\/p>\n

10.\u00a0 a) 2.113\u00a0<\/span>x 10-4<\/sup>ft3<\/sup>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>b)\u00a0<\/span>1.4 s<\/p>\n

11. 220 minutes (2.2 x 102<\/sup>minutes)<\/p>\n

12. The crew used the wrong conversion factor (using\u00a01.77 lb\/L as if it were 1.77 kg\/L) and didn\u2019t pay attention to proper cancellation of units (to catch the mistake). \u00a0They should have added 2.01 x 104<\/sup>L of fuel (at least).<\/p>\n

13.\u00a0 <\/span>26.6 cm (or 26.7 cm OK)<\/p>\n

14.\u00a0 <\/span>17.9; \u00a0\u00a01.8 x 103<\/sup>; \u00a0\u00a0362; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>548;\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>0.802; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>10024; \u00a0\u00a038;<\/p>\n

9.24 x 103<\/sup>; \u00a0 70.98; \u00a0\u00a0<\/span>2.987; \u00a0\u00a07.8 x 102<\/sup>; \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>9.08 x 10-4<\/sup>;<\/p>\n

8.78 x 107<\/sup>; \u00a0 \u00a08.92 x 1010<\/sup>; \u00a0 9 x 1012<\/sup><\/p>\n

15.\u00a0 <\/span>557 g<\/p>\n

16.\u00a0 <\/span>0.11 L<\/p>\n

17.\u00a0 <\/span>a) 0.0262 L or 26.2 cm3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>b)\u00a0 <\/span>131 g<\/p>\n

18.\u00a0 <\/span>6.73 x 10-5<\/sup>mm<\/p>\n

19.\u00a0 <\/span>approximately 61 nuts<\/p>\n

20.\u00a0 <\/span>0.8790 g\/mL<\/p>\n

21.\u00a0 <\/span>2.34 g\/mL<\/p>\n

22.\u00a0 <\/span>32 mL<\/p>\n

23. \u00a03.42 \u00d7 10\u221218<\/sup><\/p>\n

\n

24. \u00a0602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

25. \u00a0<\/b>4.520 \u00d7 106<\/sup><\/p>\n

26. \u00a0The quantity is two; dozen is the unit.<\/p>\n

27. \u00a0<\/strong>1,000,000,000<\/p>\n

28. \u00a01\/100,000,000<\/p>\n

29. \u00a018.7 m\/s<\/p>\n

30. \u00a096.1 km\/h<\/p>\n

31. \u00a014.47 m\/s<\/p>\n

32. \u00a0One Fahrenheit degree is nine-fifths the size of a Celsius degree.<\/p>\n

33. \u00a01.72 \u00d7 105<\/sup> g<\/p>\n

34. \u00a0149 mL<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":330,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"2.6 End of Chapter Problems","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[54],"class_list":["post-3291","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":2084,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/330"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4920,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3291\/revisions\/4920"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2084"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3291\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3291"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3291"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}