{"id":3849,"date":"2018-05-25T16:36:14","date_gmt":"2018-05-25T20:36:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=3849"},"modified":"2019-05-14T17:08:25","modified_gmt":"2019-05-14T21:08:25","slug":"9-1-condensed-structure-and-line-structure-cw","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/chapter\/9-1-condensed-structure-and-line-structure-cw\/","title":{"raw":"10.1 Condensed Structure and Line Structure","rendered":"10.1 Condensed Structure and Line Structure"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Interpret condense and line structures.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Draw the condensed structure of a given Lewis Structure or line structure.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Draw the line structure of a given Lewis Structure or condense structure.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nIf you look ahead in this chapter and in other resources at the way organic compounds are drawn, you will see that the figures are somewhat different from the Lewis structures you are used to seeing in your general chemistry book. In some sources,\u00a0 you will see <strong>condensed structures\u00a0<\/strong>for smaller molecules instead of full Lewis structures:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3851\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"463\"]<img width=\"463\" height=\"154\" class=\"wp-image-3851 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.39.00-PM.png\" \/> <strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> Comparison between Lewis structures and condensed structures.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" id=\"fs-idm21031296\">\r\n<h3>Example 1<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp63607984\">Determine the Lewis Structure of the following condensed structure of oleic acid, a fatty acid that is found naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span>CH<\/span><sub>3<\/sub><span>(CH<\/span><sub>2<\/sub><span>)<\/span><sub>7<\/sub><span>CH=CH(CH<\/span><sub>2<\/sub><span>)<\/span><sub>7<\/sub><span>COOH<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp251046608\"><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<em>Start by drawing the CH<sub>3<\/sub>. The (CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>7<\/sub> represents a repeating unit, meaning you must draw seven CH<sub>2<\/sub>'s one after another, which are bonded to a CH which is bonded to a CH, and then another seven CH<sub>2<\/sub>'s. \u00a0The COOH represent a carboxylic acid, which means you have a C=O connected to an O-H.\u00a0 <\/em><i>Always double check your structure to ensure every carbon is making four bonds.\u00a0 When you do this, you will see the two CH must be double bonded.<\/i>\r\n\r\n<img width=\"1052\" height=\"521\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3952 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp65521520\"><em><strong>Test Yourself<\/strong><\/em>\r\nCommon organic compounds that you likely have at home are: acetone (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub>) found in nail polish remover, acetic acid (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH) found in vinegar, and isopropanol ((CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CHOH) found in rubbing alcohol. Determine the Lewis Structure for each of these household chemicals.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Answer<\/strong><\/em>\r\n\r\n<img width=\"895\" height=\"212\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3953 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetone-Acetic-Acid-Isopropanol.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nMore commonly, organic and biological chemists use an abbreviated drawing convention called <strong>line structures<\/strong>, also known as<strong> skeletal structures <\/strong>or<strong> line bond structures<\/strong>.\u00a0 The convention is quite simple and makes it easier to draw molecules, but line structures do take a little bit of getting used to. Carbon atoms are depicted not by a capital C, but by a \u2018corner\u2019 between two bonds, or a free end of a bond. Open-chain molecules are usually drawn out in a 'zig-zig' shape. Hydrogens attached to carbons are generally not shown: rather, like lone pairs, they are simply implied (unless a positive formal charge is shown, all carbons are assumed to have a full octet of valence electrons). Hydrogens bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or anything other than carbon <em>are\u00a0<\/em>shown, but are usually drawn without showing the bond.\u00a0The following examples illustrate the convention.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3853\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"482\"]<img width=\"482\" height=\"158\" class=\"wp-image-3853 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.44.51-PM.png\" \/> <strong>Figure 2.<\/strong>\u00a0Comparison between Lewis structure and line structure.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAs you can see, the 'pared down' line structure makes it much easier to see the basic structure of the molecule and the locations where there is something other than C-C and C-H single bonds.\u00a0 For larger, more complex biological molecules, it becomes impractical to use full Lewis structures.\u00a0 Conversely, very small molecules such as ethane should be drawn with their full Lewis or condensed structures.\r\n\r\nSometimes, one or more carbon atoms in a line structure will be depicted with a capital C, if doing so makes an explanation easier to follow.\u00a0<em>If you label a carbon with a C, you also must draw in the hydrogens for that carbon<\/em>.\r\n<div class=\"example textbox shaded\" id=\"fs-idp10059824\">\r\n<h3>Example 2<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp72546688\">Draw the line structures for these two molecules:<span id=\"fs-idp63318480\">\r\n<img width=\"419\" height=\"127\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"Figure a shows a branched molecule with C H subscript 3 bonded to C with C H subscript 3 groups bonded both above and below it. To the right of the central C, a C H is bonded which has a C H subscript 3 group bonded above and to the right and below and to the right. Figure b shows a straight chain molecule composed of C H subscript 3 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 3.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct2_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp2239744\"><strong>Solution<\/strong>\r\nEach carbon atom is converted into the end of a line or the place where lines intersect. All hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are left out of the structure (although we still need to recognize they are there):<span id=\"fs-idp68332416\">\r\n<img width=\"453\" height=\"126\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"Figure a shows a branched skeleton structure that looks like a plus sign with line segments extending up and to the right and down and to the left of the rightmost point of the plus sign. Figure b appears in a zig zag pattern made with six line segments. The segments rise, fall, rise, fall, rise, and fall moving left to right across the figure.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct3_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp56819120\"><em><strong>Test Yourself<\/strong><\/em>\r\nDraw the line structures for these two molecules:<span id=\"fs-idp52862288\">\r\n<img width=\"463\" height=\"174\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"Figure a shows five C H subscript 2 groups and one C H group bonded in a hexagonal ring. A C H subscript 3 group appears above and to the right of the ring, bonded to the ring on the C H group appearing at the upper right portion of the ring. In b, a straight chain molecule composed of C H subscript 3 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 3 is shown.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct4_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Answers<\/strong><\/em>\r\n<h3 class=\"title\"><span id=\"fs-idp37158144\"><img width=\"475\" height=\"144\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"In a, a hexagon with a vertex at the top is shown. The vertex just to the right has a line segment attached that extends up and to the right. In b, a zig zag pattern is shown in which line segments rise, fall, rise, fall, and rise moving left to right.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct5_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><span id=\"fs-idp37158144\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"example textbox shaded\" id=\"fs-idp73321504\">\r\n<h3>Example 3<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp71314432\">Identify the chemical formula of the molecule represented here:<span id=\"fs-idp73780224\">\r\n<img width=\"217\" height=\"76\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"This figure shows a pentagon with a vertex pointing right, from which a line segment extends that has two line segments attached at its right end, one extending up and to the right, and the other extending down and to the right.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct6_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp45678976\"><strong>Solution<\/strong>\r\nThere are eight places where lines intersect or end, meaning that there are eight carbon atoms in the molecule. Since we know that carbon atoms tend to make four bonds, each carbon atom will have the number of hydrogen atoms that are required for four bonds. This compound contains 16 hydrogen atoms for a molecular formula of C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>16<\/sub>.<\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp82722672\">Location of the hydrogen atoms:<span id=\"fs-idp77092912\">\r\n<img width=\"454\" height=\"120\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"In this figure a ring composed of four C H subscript 2 groups and one C H group in a pentagonal shape is shown. From the C H group, which is at the right side of the pentagon, a C H is bonded. From this C H, a C H subscript 3 group is bonded above and to the right and a second is bonded below and to the right.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct7_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp51233392\"><em><strong>Test Yourself<\/strong><\/em>\r\nIdentify the chemical formula of the molecule represented here:<span id=\"fs-idp69279616\">\r\n<img width=\"203\" height=\"80\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"A skeleton model is shown with a zig zag pattern that rises, falls, rises, and falls again left to right through the center of the molecule. From the two risen points, line segments extend both up and down, creating four branches.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct8_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Answer<\/strong><\/em>\r\n\r\nC<sub>9<\/sub>H<sub>20<\/sub>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" id=\"fs-idm21031296\">\r\n<h3>Example 4<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp63607984\">Determine the Lewis Structure of the following line structure of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C):<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img width=\"135\" height=\"123\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3955\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/L-Ascorbic-Acid-300x273.jpg\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp251046608\"><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<em>At each corner or intersection of lines or end of a line, add a C:\r\n<\/em>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img width=\"136\" height=\"104\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3956\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex1-300x230.jpg\" \/><\/p>\r\n<i>Each C makes fours bonds. \u00a0If some are not visible, then add a bond to H for each bonds missing<\/i>. Also show the bond between the O's and H's.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img width=\"144\" height=\"120\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3957\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex2-300x250.jpg\" \/><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp65521520\"><em><strong>Test Yourself<\/strong><\/em>\r\nDetermine the Lewis Structure of the following line structure of acetaminophen, the pain and fever medicine found in Tylenol.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img width=\"170\" height=\"101\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3958\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-300x178.jpg\" \/><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Answer<\/strong><\/em>\r\n\r\n<img width=\"198\" height=\"120\" class=\" wp-image-3959 aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-2-300x182.jpg\" \/>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Key Concepts and Summary<\/h2>\r\nCondensed structures and line structures are a way organic structures can be represented in a very concise manner.\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Exercises<\/h3>\r\n1. Draw the line bond structure for the following compounds:\r\n\r\na) (HO)<sub>3<\/sub>C(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>N(CH<sub>2<\/sub>CHO)CH(CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>\r\n\r\nb) CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>OCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>\r\n\r\nc) HOOCCH<sub>2<\/sub>O(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>N(CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>\r\n\r\nd) HOCCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>COOCH<sub>3<\/sub>\r\n\r\ne) H<sub>2<\/sub>NCH<sub>2<\/sub>[CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)]<sub>2<\/sub>(CH)<sub>4<\/sub>CO(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>\r\n\r\nf) ClCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)COCH<sub>2<\/sub>OCH<sub>2<\/sub>CO(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>\r\n\r\n2. For the following compounds,give the chemical formula and the condensed structure:\r\n\r\n<img width=\"838\" height=\"434\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3861 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.01.53-PM.png\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Answers<\/strong>\r\n\r\n1.\r\n\r\n<img width=\"456\" height=\"411\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3862 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.04.14-PM.png\" \/>\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0a) C<sub>13<\/sub>H<sub>26<\/sub>O; \u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub>\r\n\r\nb) C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>14<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>; \u00a0 CHOCH<sub>2<\/sub>CO(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>4<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>\r\n\r\nc) C<sub>5<\/sub>H<sub>7<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub>N; \u00a0 COOH(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>(CO)<sub>2<\/sub>NH<sub>2<\/sub>\r\n\r\nd) C<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>25<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>N; \u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>OCO(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)NH<sub>2<\/sub>\r\n\r\ne) C<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>25<\/sub>ON; \u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>4<\/sub>CON(CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>\r\n\r\nf) C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>16<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>; \u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH(OCH<sub>3<\/sub>)(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>COOH\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Interpret condense and line structures.<\/li>\n<li>Draw the condensed structure of a given Lewis Structure or line structure.<\/li>\n<li>Draw the line structure of a given Lewis Structure or condense structure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>If you look ahead in this chapter and in other resources at the way organic compounds are drawn, you will see that the figures are somewhat different from the Lewis structures you are used to seeing in your general chemistry book. In some sources,\u00a0 you will see <strong>condensed structures\u00a0<\/strong>for smaller molecules instead of full Lewis structures:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3851\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3851\" style=\"width: 463px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"154\" class=\"wp-image-3851 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.39.00-PM.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.39.00-PM.png 463w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.39.00-PM-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.39.00-PM-65x22.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.39.00-PM-225x75.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.39.00-PM-350x116.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3851\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> Comparison between Lewis structures and condensed structures.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" id=\"fs-idm21031296\">\n<h3>Example 1<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-idp63607984\">Determine the Lewis Structure of the following condensed structure of oleic acid, a fatty acid that is found naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span>CH<\/span><sub>3<\/sub><span>(CH<\/span><sub>2<\/sub><span>)<\/span><sub>7<\/sub><span>CH=CH(CH<\/span><sub>2<\/sub><span>)<\/span><sub>7<\/sub><span>COOH<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp251046608\"><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Start by drawing the CH<sub>3<\/sub>. The (CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>7<\/sub> represents a repeating unit, meaning you must draw seven CH<sub>2<\/sub>&#8216;s one after another, which are bonded to a CH which is bonded to a CH, and then another seven CH<sub>2<\/sub>&#8216;s. \u00a0The COOH represent a carboxylic acid, which means you have a C=O connected to an O-H.\u00a0 <\/em><i>Always double check your structure to ensure every carbon is making four bonds.\u00a0 When you do this, you will see the two CH must be double bonded.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1052\" height=\"521\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3952 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid.jpg 1052w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid-300x149.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid-768x380.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid-1024x507.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid-65x32.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid-225x111.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/FattyAcid-350x173.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1052px) 100vw, 1052px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp65521520\"><em><strong>Test Yourself<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nCommon organic compounds that you likely have at home are: acetone (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub>) found in nail polish remover, acetic acid (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH) found in vinegar, and isopropanol ((CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CHOH) found in rubbing alcohol. Determine the Lewis Structure for each of these household chemicals.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Answer<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"895\" height=\"212\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3953 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetone-Acetic-Acid-Isopropanol.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetone-Acetic-Acid-Isopropanol.jpg 895w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetone-Acetic-Acid-Isopropanol-300x71.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetone-Acetic-Acid-Isopropanol-768x182.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetone-Acetic-Acid-Isopropanol-65x15.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetone-Acetic-Acid-Isopropanol-225x53.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetone-Acetic-Acid-Isopropanol-350x83.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 895px) 100vw, 895px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>More commonly, organic and biological chemists use an abbreviated drawing convention called <strong>line structures<\/strong>, also known as<strong> skeletal structures <\/strong>or<strong> line bond structures<\/strong>.\u00a0 The convention is quite simple and makes it easier to draw molecules, but line structures do take a little bit of getting used to. Carbon atoms are depicted not by a capital C, but by a \u2018corner\u2019 between two bonds, or a free end of a bond. Open-chain molecules are usually drawn out in a &#8216;zig-zig&#8217; shape. Hydrogens attached to carbons are generally not shown: rather, like lone pairs, they are simply implied (unless a positive formal charge is shown, all carbons are assumed to have a full octet of valence electrons). Hydrogens bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or anything other than carbon <em>are\u00a0<\/em>shown, but are usually drawn without showing the bond.\u00a0The following examples illustrate the convention.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3853\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3853\" style=\"width: 482px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"482\" height=\"158\" class=\"wp-image-3853 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.44.51-PM.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.44.51-PM.png 482w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.44.51-PM-300x98.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.44.51-PM-65x21.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.44.51-PM-225x74.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-1.44.51-PM-350x115.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3853\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2.<\/strong>\u00a0Comparison between Lewis structure and line structure.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>As you can see, the &#8216;pared down&#8217; line structure makes it much easier to see the basic structure of the molecule and the locations where there is something other than C-C and C-H single bonds.\u00a0 For larger, more complex biological molecules, it becomes impractical to use full Lewis structures.\u00a0 Conversely, very small molecules such as ethane should be drawn with their full Lewis or condensed structures.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes, one or more carbon atoms in a line structure will be depicted with a capital C, if doing so makes an explanation easier to follow.\u00a0<em>If you label a carbon with a C, you also must draw in the hydrogens for that carbon<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"example textbox shaded\" id=\"fs-idp10059824\">\n<h3>Example 2<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-idp72546688\">Draw the line structures for these two molecules:<span id=\"fs-idp63318480\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"419\" height=\"127\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"Figure a shows a branched molecule with C H subscript 3 bonded to C with C H subscript 3 groups bonded both above and below it. To the right of the central C, a C H is bonded which has a C H subscript 3 group bonded above and to the right and below and to the right. Figure b shows a straight chain molecule composed of C H subscript 3 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 3.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct2_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp2239744\"><strong>Solution<\/strong><br \/>\nEach carbon atom is converted into the end of a line or the place where lines intersect. All hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms are left out of the structure (although we still need to recognize they are there):<span id=\"fs-idp68332416\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"126\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"Figure a shows a branched skeleton structure that looks like a plus sign with line segments extending up and to the right and down and to the left of the rightmost point of the plus sign. Figure b appears in a zig zag pattern made with six line segments. The segments rise, fall, rise, fall, rise, and fall moving left to right across the figure.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct3_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp56819120\"><em><strong>Test Yourself<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nDraw the line structures for these two molecules:<span id=\"fs-idp52862288\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"463\" height=\"174\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"Figure a shows five C H subscript 2 groups and one C H group bonded in a hexagonal ring. A C H subscript 3 group appears above and to the right of the ring, bonded to the ring on the C H group appearing at the upper right portion of the ring. In b, a straight chain molecule composed of C H subscript 3 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 2 C H subscript 3 is shown.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct4_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Answers<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"title\"><span id=\"fs-idp37158144\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"144\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"In a, a hexagon with a vertex at the top is shown. The vertex just to the right has a line segment attached that extends up and to the right. In b, a zig zag pattern is shown in which line segments rise, fall, rise, fall, and rise moving left to right.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct5_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><span id=\"fs-idp37158144\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"example textbox shaded\" id=\"fs-idp73321504\">\n<h3>Example 3<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-idp71314432\">Identify the chemical formula of the molecule represented here:<span id=\"fs-idp73780224\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"217\" height=\"76\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"This figure shows a pentagon with a vertex pointing right, from which a line segment extends that has two line segments attached at its right end, one extending up and to the right, and the other extending down and to the right.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct6_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp45678976\"><strong>Solution<\/strong><br \/>\nThere are eight places where lines intersect or end, meaning that there are eight carbon atoms in the molecule. Since we know that carbon atoms tend to make four bonds, each carbon atom will have the number of hydrogen atoms that are required for four bonds. This compound contains 16 hydrogen atoms for a molecular formula of C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>16<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp82722672\">Location of the hydrogen atoms:<span id=\"fs-idp77092912\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"454\" height=\"120\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"In this figure a ring composed of four C H subscript 2 groups and one C H group in a pentagonal shape is shown. From the C H group, which is at the right side of the pentagon, a C H is bonded. From this C H, a C H subscript 3 group is bonded above and to the right and a second is bonded below and to the right.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct7_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp51233392\"><em><strong>Test Yourself<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nIdentify the chemical formula of the molecule represented here:<span id=\"fs-idp69279616\"><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"203\" height=\"80\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"A skeleton model is shown with a zig zag pattern that rises, falls, rises, and falls again left to right through the center of the molecule. From the two risen points, line segments extend both up and down, creating four branches.\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/04\/CNX_Chem_20_01_LineStruct8_img.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Answer<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>C<sub>9<\/sub>H<sub>20<\/sub><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\" id=\"fs-idm21031296\">\n<h3>Example 4<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-idp63607984\">Determine the Lewis Structure of the following line structure of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"135\" height=\"123\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3955\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/L-Ascorbic-Acid-300x273.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/L-Ascorbic-Acid-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/L-Ascorbic-Acid-65x59.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/L-Ascorbic-Acid-225x205.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/L-Ascorbic-Acid-350x319.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/L-Ascorbic-Acid.jpg 412w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 135px) 100vw, 135px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp251046608\"><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>At each corner or intersection of lines or end of a line, add a C:<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"136\" height=\"104\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3956\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex1-300x230.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex1-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex1-65x50.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex1-225x173.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex1-350x268.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex1.jpg 412w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 136px) 100vw, 136px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Each C makes fours bonds. \u00a0If some are not visible, then add a bond to H for each bonds missing<\/i>. Also show the bond between the O&#8217;s and H&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"144\" height=\"120\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3957\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex2-300x250.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex2-300x250.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex2-65x54.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex2-225x188.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex2-350x292.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Ex2.jpg 483w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 144px) 100vw, 144px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"fs-idp65521520\"><em><strong>Test Yourself<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nDetermine the Lewis Structure of the following line structure of acetaminophen, the pain and fever medicine found in Tylenol.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"170\" height=\"101\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3958\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-300x178.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-65x39.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-225x134.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-350x208.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen.jpg 495w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Answer<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"120\" class=\"wp-image-3959 aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-2-300x182.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-2-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-2-65x39.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-2-225x136.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-2-350x212.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Acetaminophen-2.jpg 633w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Key Concepts and Summary<\/h2>\n<p>Condensed structures and line structures are a way organic structures can be represented in a very concise manner.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Exercises<\/h3>\n<p>1. Draw the line bond structure for the following compounds:<\/p>\n<p>a) (HO)<sub>3<\/sub>C(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>N(CH<sub>2<\/sub>CHO)CH(CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>b) CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>OCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>c) HOOCCH<sub>2<\/sub>O(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>N(CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>d) HOCCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>COOCH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>e) H<sub>2<\/sub>NCH<sub>2<\/sub>[CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)]<sub>2<\/sub>(CH)<sub>4<\/sub>CO(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>f) ClCH<sub>2<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)COCH<sub>2<\/sub>OCH<sub>2<\/sub>CO(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>2. For the following compounds,give the chemical formula and the condensed structure:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"838\" height=\"434\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3861 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.01.53-PM.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.01.53-PM.png 838w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.01.53-PM-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.01.53-PM-768x398.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.01.53-PM-65x34.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.01.53-PM-225x117.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.01.53-PM-350x181.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Answers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"456\" height=\"411\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3862 size-full\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.04.14-PM.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.04.14-PM.png 456w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.04.14-PM-300x270.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.04.14-PM-65x59.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.04.14-PM-225x203.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/387\/2018\/05\/Screen-Shot-2018-05-25-at-3.04.14-PM-350x315.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0a) C<sub>13<\/sub>H<sub>26<\/sub>O; \u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>COCH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>b) C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>14<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>; \u00a0 CHOCH<sub>2<\/sub>CO(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>4<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>c) C<sub>5<\/sub>H<sub>7<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub>N; \u00a0 COOH(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>(CO)<sub>2<\/sub>NH<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>d) C<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>25<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>N; \u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>OCO(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CH(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)NH<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>e) C<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>25<\/sub>ON; \u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>4<\/sub>CON(CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>f) C<sub>8<\/sub>H<sub>16<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>; \u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>CH(OCH<sub>3<\/sub>)(CH<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":330,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"10.1 Condensed Structure and Line Structure","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[54],"class_list":["post-3849","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":1829,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/330"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4902,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3849\/revisions\/4902"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1829"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3849\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3849"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3849"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3849"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/chem1114langaracollege\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}