{"id":1589,"date":"2016-04-18T17:30:52","date_gmt":"2016-04-18T21:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/?post_type=back-matter&p=1589"},"modified":"2016-08-10T12:00:26","modified_gmt":"2016-08-10T16:00:26","slug":"selected-radioactive-isotopes","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/back-matter\/selected-radioactive-isotopes\/","title":{"raw":"Appendix B Selected Radioactive Isotopes","rendered":"Appendix B Selected Radioactive Isotopes"},"content":{"raw":"

Decay modes are $latex \\alpha $, $latex \\beta ^{-}$, $latex \\beta ^{+}$, electron capture (EC) and isomeric transition (IT). EC results in the same daughter nucleus as would $latex \\beta ^{+}$ decay. IT is a transition from a metastable excited state. Energies for $latex \\beta ^{\\pm}$ decays are the maxima; average energies are roughly one-half the maxima.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Isotope<\/th>\r\nt<\/em> 1\/2<\/sub><\/th>\r\nDecayMode(s)<\/th>\r\nEnergy(MeV)<\/th>\r\nPercent<\/th>\r\n<\/th>\r\n$latex \\gamma $-Ray Energy(MeV)<\/th>\r\nPercent<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
$latex ^{3} \\textbf{H}$<\/td>\r\n12.33 y<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$\u00ad<\/td>\r\n0.0186<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{14} \\textbf{C}$<\/td>\r\n5730 y<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$<\/td>\r\n0.156<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{13} \\textbf{N}$<\/td>\r\n9.96 min<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{+}$<\/td>\r\n1.20<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{22} \\textbf{Na}$<\/td>\r\n2.602 y<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{+}$<\/td>\r\n0.55<\/td>\r\n90%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n1.27<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{32} \\textbf{P} $<\/td>\r\n14.28 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$<\/td>\r\n1.71<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{35} \\textbf{S}$<\/td>\r\n87.4 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$\u00ad<\/td>\r\n0.167<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{36} \\textbf{Cl} $<\/td>\r\n$latex 3.00 \\times 10^5 \\text{y}$<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$<\/td>\r\n0.710<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{40} \\textbf{K} $<\/td>\r\n$latex 1.28 \\times 10^9 \\text{y} $<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-} $<\/td>\r\n1.31<\/td>\r\n89%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{43} \\textbf{K} $<\/td>\r\n22.3 h<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-} $<\/td>\r\n0.827<\/td>\r\n87%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n0.373<\/td>\r\n87%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.618<\/td>\r\n87%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{45} \\textbf{Ca}$<\/td>\r\n165 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-} $\u00ad<\/td>\r\n0.257<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{51} \\textbf{Cr} $<\/td>\r\n27.70 d<\/td>\r\nEC<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.320<\/td>\r\n10%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{52} \\textbf{Mn}$<\/td>\r\n5.59d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{+}$<\/td>\r\n3.69<\/td>\r\n28%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n1.33<\/td>\r\n28%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n1.43<\/td>\r\n28%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{52} \\textbf{Fe}$<\/td>\r\n8.27 h<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{+}$<\/td>\r\n1.80<\/td>\r\n43%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.169<\/td>\r\n43%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.378<\/td>\r\n43%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{59} \\textbf{Fe}$<\/td>\r\n44.6 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$<\/td>\r\n0.273<\/td>\r\n45%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n1.10<\/td>\r\n57%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.466<\/td>\r\n55%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n1.29<\/td>\r\n43%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{60} \\textbf{Co}$<\/td>\r\n5.271 y<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$\u00ad<\/td>\r\n0.318<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n1.17<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n1.33<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{65} \\textbf{Zn}$<\/td>\r\n244.1 d<\/td>\r\nEC<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n1.12<\/td>\r\n51%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{67} \\textbf{Ga}$<\/td>\r\n78.3 h<\/td>\r\nEC<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n0.0933<\/td>\r\n70%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.185<\/td>\r\n35%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.300<\/td>\r\n19%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{75} \\textbf{Se}$<\/td>\r\n118.5 d<\/td>\r\nEC<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n0.121<\/td>\r\n20%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.136<\/td>\r\n65%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.265<\/td>\r\n68%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.280<\/td>\r\n20%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{86} \\textbf{Rb}$<\/td>\r\n18.8 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$<\/td>\r\n0.69<\/td>\r\n9%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n1.08<\/td>\r\n9%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n1.77<\/td>\r\n91%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{85} \\textbf{Sr}$<\/td>\r\n64.8 d<\/td>\r\nEC<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.514<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{90} \\textbf{Sr}$<\/td>\r\n28.8 y<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$\u00ad<\/td>\r\n0.546<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{90} \\textbf{Y}$<\/td>\r\n64.1 h<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$\u00ad<\/td>\r\n2.28<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{99m} \\textbf{Tc}$<\/td>\r\n6.02 h<\/td>\r\nIT<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.142<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{113m} \\textbf{In}$<\/td>\r\n99.5 min<\/td>\r\nIT<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.392<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{123} \\textbf{I}$<\/td>\r\n13.0 h<\/td>\r\nEC<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.159<\/td>\r\n$latex \\approx 100 \\% $<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{131} \\textbf{I}$<\/td>\r\n8.040 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$<\/td>\r\n0.248<\/td>\r\n7%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n0.364<\/td>\r\n85%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.607<\/td>\r\n93%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{129} \\textbf{Cs}$<\/td>\r\n32.3 h<\/td>\r\nEC<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n0.0400<\/td>\r\n35%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.372<\/td>\r\n32%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.411<\/td>\r\n25%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{137} \\textbf{Cs}$<\/td>\r\n30.17 y<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-} \\;\\text{s}$\u00ad<\/td>\r\n0.511<\/td>\r\n95%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.662<\/td>\r\n95%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n1.17<\/td>\r\n5%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{140} \\textbf{Ba}$<\/td>\r\n12.79 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$<\/td>\r\n1.035<\/td>\r\n$latex \\approx 100 \\& $<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n0.030<\/td>\r\n25%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.044<\/td>\r\n65%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.537<\/td>\r\n24%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{198} \\textbf{Au}$<\/td>\r\n2.696 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\beta ^{-}$\u00ad<\/td>\r\n1.161<\/td>\r\n$latex \\approx 100 \\% $<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.412<\/td>\r\n$latex \\approx 100 \\% $<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{197} \\textbf{Hg}$<\/td>\r\n64.1 h<\/td>\r\nEC<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.0733<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{210} \\textbf{Po}$<\/td>\r\n138.38 d<\/td>\r\n$latex \\alpha $<\/td>\r\n5.41<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{226} \\textbf{Ra}$<\/td>\r\n$latex 1.60 \\times 10^3 \\text{y}$<\/td>\r\n$latex \\alpha \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n4.68<\/td>\r\n5%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.186<\/td>\r\n100%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n4.87<\/td>\r\n95%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{235} \\textbf{U}$<\/td>\r\n$latex 7.038 \\times 10^8 \\text{y}$<\/td>\r\n$latex \\alpha $<\/td>\r\n4.68<\/td>\r\n$latex \\approx 100 \\% $<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\nnumerous<\/td>\r\n<0.400%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{238} \\textbf{U}$<\/td>\r\n$latex 4.468 \\times 10^9 \\text{y}$<\/td>\r\n$latex \\alpha \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n4.22<\/td>\r\n23%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma $<\/td>\r\n0.050<\/td>\r\n23%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n4.27<\/td>\r\n77%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{237} \\textbf{Np}$<\/td>\r\n$latex 2.14 \\times 10^6 \\text{y}$<\/td>\r\n$latex \\alpha \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\nnumerous<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\nnumerous<\/td>\r\n<0.250%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n4.96 (max.)<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{239} \\textbf{Pu}$<\/td>\r\n$latex 2.41 \\times 10^4 \\text{y}$<\/td>\r\n$latex \\alpha \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n5.19<\/td>\r\n11%<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n$latex 7.5 \\times 10^{-5} $<\/td>\r\n73%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n5.23<\/td>\r\n15%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.013<\/td>\r\n15%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n5.24<\/td>\r\n73%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n0.052<\/td>\r\n10%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
$latex ^{243} \\textbf{Am}$<\/td>\r\n$latex 7.37 \\times 10^3 \\text{y}$<\/td>\r\n$latex \\alpha \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\nMax. 5.44<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n$latex \\gamma \\;\\text{s} $<\/td>\r\n0.075<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n5.37<\/td>\r\n88%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n5.32<\/td>\r\n11%<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nothers<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Table 2.<\/strong> Selected Radioactive Isotopes<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n ","rendered":"

Decay modes are [latex]\\alpha[\/latex], [latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex], [latex]\\beta ^{+}[\/latex], electron capture (EC) and isomeric transition (IT). EC results in the same daughter nucleus as would [latex]\\beta ^{+}[\/latex] decay. IT is a transition from a metastable excited state. Energies for [latex]\\beta ^{\\pm}[\/latex] decays are the maxima; average energies are roughly one-half the maxima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Isotope<\/th>\nt<\/em> 1\/2<\/sub><\/th>\nDecayMode(s)<\/th>\nEnergy(MeV)<\/th>\nPercent<\/th>\n<\/th>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]-Ray Energy(MeV)<\/th>\nPercent<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
[latex]^{3} \\textbf{H}[\/latex]<\/td>\n12.33 y<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]\u00ad<\/td>\n0.0186<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{14} \\textbf{C}[\/latex]<\/td>\n5730 y<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.156<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{13} \\textbf{N}[\/latex]<\/td>\n9.96 min<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.20<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{22} \\textbf{Na}[\/latex]<\/td>\n2.602 y<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.55<\/td>\n90%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.27<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{32} \\textbf{P}[\/latex]<\/td>\n14.28 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.71<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{35} \\textbf{S}[\/latex]<\/td>\n87.4 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]\u00ad<\/td>\n0.167<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{36} \\textbf{Cl}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]3.00 \\times 10^5 \\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.710<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{40} \\textbf{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]1.28 \\times 10^9 \\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.31<\/td>\n89%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{43} \\textbf{K}[\/latex]<\/td>\n22.3 h<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.827<\/td>\n87%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.373<\/td>\n87%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.618<\/td>\n87%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{45} \\textbf{Ca}[\/latex]<\/td>\n165 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]\u00ad<\/td>\n0.257<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{51} \\textbf{Cr}[\/latex]<\/td>\n27.70 d<\/td>\nEC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.320<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{52} \\textbf{Mn}[\/latex]<\/td>\n5.59d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\n3.69<\/td>\n28%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.33<\/td>\n28%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n1.43<\/td>\n28%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{52} \\textbf{Fe}[\/latex]<\/td>\n8.27 h<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{+}[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.80<\/td>\n43%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.169<\/td>\n43%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.378<\/td>\n43%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{59} \\textbf{Fe}[\/latex]<\/td>\n44.6 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.273<\/td>\n45%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.10<\/td>\n57%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.466<\/td>\n55%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n1.29<\/td>\n43%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{60} \\textbf{Co}[\/latex]<\/td>\n5.271 y<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]\u00ad<\/td>\n0.318<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.17<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n1.33<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{65} \\textbf{Zn}[\/latex]<\/td>\n244.1 d<\/td>\nEC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.12<\/td>\n51%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{67} \\textbf{Ga}[\/latex]<\/td>\n78.3 h<\/td>\nEC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.0933<\/td>\n70%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.185<\/td>\n35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.300<\/td>\n19%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{75} \\textbf{Se}[\/latex]<\/td>\n118.5 d<\/td>\nEC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.121<\/td>\n20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.136<\/td>\n65%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.265<\/td>\n68%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.280<\/td>\n20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{86} \\textbf{Rb}[\/latex]<\/td>\n18.8 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.69<\/td>\n9%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.08<\/td>\n9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n1.77<\/td>\n91%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{85} \\textbf{Sr}[\/latex]<\/td>\n64.8 d<\/td>\nEC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.514<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{90} \\textbf{Sr}[\/latex]<\/td>\n28.8 y<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]\u00ad<\/td>\n0.546<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{90} \\textbf{Y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n64.1 h<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]\u00ad<\/td>\n2.28<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{99m} \\textbf{Tc}[\/latex]<\/td>\n6.02 h<\/td>\nIT<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.142<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{113m} \\textbf{In}[\/latex]<\/td>\n99.5 min<\/td>\nIT<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.392<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{123} \\textbf{I}[\/latex]<\/td>\n13.0 h<\/td>\nEC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.159<\/td>\n[latex]\\approx 100 \\%[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{131} \\textbf{I}[\/latex]<\/td>\n8.040 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.248<\/td>\n7%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.364<\/td>\n85%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.607<\/td>\n93%<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{129} \\textbf{Cs}[\/latex]<\/td>\n32.3 h<\/td>\nEC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.0400<\/td>\n35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.372<\/td>\n32%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.411<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{137} \\textbf{Cs}[\/latex]<\/td>\n30.17 y<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-} \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]\u00ad<\/td>\n0.511<\/td>\n95%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.662<\/td>\n95%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n1.17<\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{140} \\textbf{Ba}[\/latex]<\/td>\n12.79 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]<\/td>\n1.035<\/td>\n[latex]\\approx 100 \\&[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.030<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.044<\/td>\n65%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.537<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{198} \\textbf{Au}[\/latex]<\/td>\n2.696 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\beta ^{-}[\/latex]\u00ad<\/td>\n1.161<\/td>\n[latex]\\approx 100 \\%[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.412<\/td>\n[latex]\\approx 100 \\%[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{197} \\textbf{Hg}[\/latex]<\/td>\n64.1 h<\/td>\nEC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.0733<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{210} \\textbf{Po}[\/latex]<\/td>\n138.38 d<\/td>\n[latex]\\alpha[\/latex]<\/td>\n5.41<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{226} \\textbf{Ra}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]1.60 \\times 10^3 \\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\alpha \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n4.68<\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.186<\/td>\n100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n4.87<\/td>\n95%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{235} \\textbf{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]7.038 \\times 10^8 \\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\alpha[\/latex]<\/td>\n4.68<\/td>\n[latex]\\approx 100 \\%[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumerous<\/td>\n<0.400%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{238} \\textbf{U}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]4.468 \\times 10^9 \\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\alpha \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n4.22<\/td>\n23%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.050<\/td>\n23%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n4.27<\/td>\n77%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{237} \\textbf{Np}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]2.14 \\times 10^6 \\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\alpha \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumerous<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\nnumerous<\/td>\n<0.250%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n4.96 (max.)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{239} \\textbf{Pu}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]2.41 \\times 10^4 \\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\alpha \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n5.19<\/td>\n11%<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]7.5 \\times 10^{-5}[\/latex]<\/td>\n73%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5.23<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.013<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5.24<\/td>\n73%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.052<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
[latex]^{243} \\textbf{Am}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]7.37 \\times 10^3 \\text{y}[\/latex]<\/td>\n[latex]\\alpha \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\nMax. 5.44<\/td>\n<\/td>\n[latex]\\gamma \\;\\text{s}[\/latex]<\/td>\n0.075<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5.37<\/td>\n88%<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5.32<\/td>\n11%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nothers<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Table 2.<\/strong> Selected Radioactive Isotopes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[27],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1589","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry","back-matter-type-appendix"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4293,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1589\/revisions\/4293"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/1589\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=1589"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1589"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/collegephysics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}