{"id":145,"date":"2017-07-05T12:32:05","date_gmt":"2017-07-05T16:32:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/?post_type=back-matter&p=145"},"modified":"2020-08-21T13:29:32","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T17:29:32","slug":"references","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/back-matter\/references\/","title":{"raw":"References","rendered":"References"},"content":{"raw":"R v Ferguson, 342 (BCCA) (British Columbia Court of Appeal 1996).\r\n\r\nR v Perka, 2 S.C.R. 232 (Supreme Court of Canada 1984).\r\n\r\nAbed, R. (2105, November 14). Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 12.<\/em> Retrieved from http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org: http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9001896&fileId=S0790966700002007\r\n\r\nAllen, R. J. (1991). The Nature of Judicial Proof. Cardozo Law Review<\/em>, 373-422 .\r\n\r\nArcaro, G. (2009). Criminal Investitgations Forming Reasonable Grounds<\/em> (Fifth ed.). Toronto, Ontario: Emond Montgomery Publications Limited.\r\n\r\nBennett, M. (2015). Unspringing the witness memory and demeanour trap: What every judge and jury needs to know about cognitive psychology and witness credibility.<\/em> Washington: American University of Law.\r\n\r\nBrainerd, C. &. (2005). Oxford University Press.<\/em> Retrieved from Science of False Memory: https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fqtJaSTg7foC&oi=fnd&pg=PR13&dq=the+ science+of+false+memory&ots=zK_bzllYlF&sig=XlOTss2QP35m2GieECfX3eGQVuc#v=on epage&q=the%20science%20of%20false%20memory&f=false\r\n\r\nBritannica, E. o. (2015, MAY 15). DNA Chemical Compound<\/em>. Retrieved from Encyclopedia Britannica: https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/DNA\r\n\r\nByrnes, T. (2015, November 09). Professional Criminals of America (1886)<\/em>. Retrieved from Online at Archive.org: https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/cu31924096989177\r\n\r\nCampbell, A. (1996). Bernardo Investigation Review.<\/em> Toronto: Ontario Lieutenant Governor.\r\n\r\nCampbell, J. A. (1996). Bernardo Investigation Review.<\/em> Toronto: Solicitor General and Minister of Correctional Services.\r\n\r\nCanada, G. (2015, November 14). Youth Criminal Justice .<\/em> Retrieved from Justice Laws Website - Youth Criminal Justice: http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/Y-1.5\/page-57.html#h-49\r\n\r\nCanada, Government. (2015, November 05). Your Guide to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms<\/em>. Retrieved from Canadian Heritage: http:\/\/www.pch.gc.ca\/eng\/1356631760121\/1356631904950\r\n\r\nCanada, L. B. (2015). Criminal Code of Canada.<\/em> Aurora: Martin's.\r\n\r\nCanada, S. C. (2009). R. v. Basi. 2009 SCC 52, [2009] 3 SCR 389<\/a>\r\n\r\nCox, W. A. (2015, November 14). EARLY POSTMORTEM CHANGES.<\/em> Retrieved from forensicmd.files.wordpress.com: https:\/\/forensicmd.files.wordpress.com\/2009\/12\/early-postmortem-changes1.pdf\r\n\r\nDass, S. C. (2016). Classification of Fingerprints.<\/em> Retrieved January 15, 2017, from Department of Statistics & Probabilities: https:\/\/www.cse.msu.edu\/~cse802\/Papers\/802_FPClassification.pdf\r\n\r\nDe Saram G.S.W., W. G. (1955\u20131956). Post-Mortem Temperature and the Time of Death. Crim. L. Criminology & Police Science<\/em>, 46.\r\n\r\nDictionary, Legal. (2015 - 2, November 05). Duhaime's Law Dictionary<\/em>. Retrieved from www.duhaime.org: www.duhaime.org\r\n\r\nDictionary, Legal. (2015, November 05). Duhaime's Law Dictionary<\/em>. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.duhaime.org: http:\/\/www.duhaime.org\/LegalDictionary\/N\/NaturalJustice.aspx\r\n\r\nDostal, P. (2012). Accessory After the Fact<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadain Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Accessory_After_the_Fact\r\n\r\nDostal, P. (2012). Attempts<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Attempts\r\n\r\nDostal, P. (2012). Conspiracy (Offence)<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Conspiracy_(Offence)\r\n\r\nDostal, P. (2012). Counselling<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Counselling\r\n\r\nDostal, P. (2012). Informer Privilege<\/em>. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Informer_Privilege\r\n\r\nDostal, P. (2012). Parties to an Offence<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Parties_to_an_Offence\r\n\r\nDostal, P. (2012). Principled Exception to Hearsay<\/em>. Retrieved January 12, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Principled_Exception_to_Hearsay\r\n\r\nDostal, P. (2012). Principles of Fundamental Justice<\/em>. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Principles_of_Fundamental_Justice\r\n\r\nElsevier, B. (2016). Coup contrecoup injury<\/em>. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from Science Direct: http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/page\/Coup_contrecoup_injury\r\n\r\nEncyclopedia of Death and Dying. (2017). Rigor Mortis and Other Postmortem Changes<\/em>. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from Encyclopedia of Death and Dying: http:\/\/www.deathreference.com\/Py-Se\/Rigor-Mortis-and-Other-Postmortem-Changes.html\r\n\r\nEnkiVillage. (2017). How Long Does It Take for a Body to Decompose?<\/em> Retrieved January 16, 2017, from EnkiVillage: http:\/\/www.enkivillage.com\/how-long-does-it-take-for-a-body-to-decompose.html#affix-section-3\r\n\r\nFookes, S. A. (1973). Patrol Sergeant. (A. GEHL, Interviewer)\r\n\r\nGaytmenn R, S. D. (2003, May). Quantification of forensic DNA from various regions of human teeth. Journal of Forensic Science, 48<\/em>(3), 622 to 625.\r\n\r\nGecker, R. A. (1989). The Doctrine of Necessity and Its Parameters. Marquette Law Review<\/em>, 1 - 39 Volume 73 Article 1.\r\n\r\nGiannelli, P. C. (2007). Faculty Publications.Paper 153<\/em>. Retrieved Janauary 27, 2017, from Case Western University School of Law: http:\/\/scholarlycommons.law.case.edu\/faculty_publications\/153\r\n\r\nGibson, D. (2014). The Kennedy Assassination Cover-up.<\/em> New York: Kroshka Books.\r\n\r\nGoff, L. (2015, November 14). Early post-mortem changes and stages of decomposition.<\/em> Retrieved from www.academia.dk: http:\/\/www.academia.dk\/BiologiskAntropologi\/Tafonomi\/PDF\/post-mortem-changes.pdf\r\n\r\nGovernment of British Columbia. (2015, Nov 27). British Columbia Police Act.<\/em> Retrieved from www.qp.gov.bc.c: http:\/\/www.qp.gov.bc.ca\/police\/ec36700.htm#34\r\n\r\nGovernment of Canada. (2015, November 13). Canada Evidence Act<\/em>. Retrieved from http:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/C-5\/: http:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/C-5\/\r\n\r\nGovernment of Canada. (2017, January 16). Canada Evidence Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-5)<\/em>. Retrieved January 23, 2017, from Justice Laws Website: http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/C-5\/\r\n\r\nGovernment of Canada. (2017, January 14). Conspiracy<\/em>. Retrieved January 11, 2017, from Justice Laws Website: http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/C-46\/section-465.html\r\n\r\nGubrium, J. &. (2002). Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method.<\/em> Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.\r\n\r\nGudgonsson, G. H. (2015 , November 14). Custodial interrogation: Why do suspects confess and how does it relate to their crime, attitude and personality.<\/em> Retrieved from http:\/\/www.researchgate.net: http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/247166373_Custodial_interrogation_Why_do_suspects_confess_and_how_does_it_relate_to_their_crime_attitude_and_personality\r\n\r\nGuharaj, P. V. (2003). Forensic Medicine 2nd Edition.<\/em> Hyderabad: Longman Orient: Sangam Books Ltd.\r\n\r\nHead, T. a. (2010). Crime and Punishment in America.<\/em> New York: Infobase Publishing.\r\n\r\nHenry, E. R. (1900). Classification and Uses of Fingerprints. Routledge<\/em>.\r\n\r\nHill v Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police Services Board, SCC 41, [2007] (Supreme Court of Canada 2007).\r\n\r\nHitchcock, T. S. (2015, June 05). www.oldbaileyonline.org\/static\/Policing.jsp (searched June 2015).<\/em> Retrieved from The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913: www.oldbaileyonline.org\/static\/Policing.jsp\r\n\r\nIrwin Law. (n.d.). Prima facie case<\/em>. Retrieved January 14, 2017, from The Canadian Online Legal Dictionary: https:\/\/www.irwinlaw.com\/cold\/prima_facie_case\r\n\r\nJaffe, F. A. (1994). Petechial Hemorrhages: A Review of Pathogenesis. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology<\/em>, 203\u2013207.\r\n\r\nJain, A. F. (2010). Fingerprint Matching. Biometrics<\/em>, 36\u201344.\r\n\r\nJustice Canada. (2017, January 14). Rules of Evidence in Canada<\/em>. Retrieved January 14, 2017, from Canada Evidnce Act: http:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/C-5\/\r\n\r\nJustice Department Canada. (2017, January 02). Rules of Evidene<\/em>. Retrieved from Canada Evidence Act: http:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/C-5\/\r\n\r\nJustice Laws Canada. (2017). Duty of persons to provide necessaries<\/em>. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from Justice Laws Website: http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/C-46\/section-215.html\r\n\r\nKaufman, F. (1998). Report of the Kaufman Commission on Proceedings Involving Guy Paul Morin.<\/em> Toronto: Ontario Government.\r\n\r\nLegal Information Institute. (2016, December 31). Wex Legal Process<\/em>. Retrieved from Legal Information Institute : https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/prima_facie\r\n\r\nLindsey, S. H. (2003). COMMUNICATING STATISTICAL DNA EVIDENCE. Jurimetrics, 43 <\/em>(Winter 2003), 147 to 163.\r\n\r\nMacCallum, E. P. (2008). Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Wrongful Conviction of David Milgaard.<\/em> Regina: Saskatchewan Government.\r\n\r\nMacDonell, J. (1820). Report of State Trials Volume 1.<\/em> London: The State Trial Committee.\r\n\r\nMacDonell, J. (n.d.). Report of State Trials .<\/em>\r\n\r\nMacrae, M. (2015, April 17). Is the Science of DNA Wrongful Conviction-Proof?<\/em> Retrieved January 17, 2017, from Innocence Canada: https:\/\/www.aidwyc.org\/dna\/\r\n\r\nMcCrery, N. (2013). Silent Witnesses.<\/em> London: Random House Books p.51.\r\n\r\nMcRory, S. (2014, May). Introduction to Criminal Process for Inspector. Compliance Assurance Learning and Development Program<\/em>, 43. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Alberta Energy Regulator.\r\n\r\nMorgan, C. H. (2004). Accuracy of eyewitness memory for persons encountered during exposure to highly intense stress. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry<\/em>, 265\u2013279.\r\n\r\nNational Science Forensic Technology Center. (2012). A Simplified Guide To Bloodstain Pattern Analysis .<\/em> Retrieved January 15, 2017, from National Science Forensic Technology Center: www.forensicsciencesimplified.org\/blood\/BloodstainPatterns.pdf\r\n\r\nOorsouw, K. M. (2015). Alcohol intoxication impairs memory and increases suggestibility for a mock crime: a filed study. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29<\/em>, 293\u2013501.\r\n\r\nOppal, W. (2013). The report of the mission women commission of inquiry.<\/em> Vancouver: British Columbia Government.\r\n\r\nPennington, M. (1999). Miscarriages of Justice ; A call for continued research focusing on reforming the investigative process. Journal of Forensic Practice<\/em>, 61\u201371 Volume 13.\r\n\r\nPetherick, W. A. (2010). Forensic Criminology.<\/em> London: Elservier Academic Press.\r\n\r\nPolice Executive Research Forum. (2014, March 14). The Police Response to Active Shooter Incidents. Critical Issues in Policing Series, <\/em>pp. 1\u201346.\r\n\r\nR v Abernathy, BCCA 8 (2002).\r\n\r\nR v Beaudry, 1 SCR 190 (Supreme Court of Canada 2007).\r\n\r\nR v Gagnon, MBCA X at 13 (Manitioba Court of Appeal 2006).\r\n\r\nR v Godoy, 1 S.C.R. 311 (Supreme Court of Canada 1999).\r\n\r\nR v Grant, SCC 32 (Supreme Court of Canada 2009 ).\r\n\r\nR v Lifchus, 3 S.C.R. 320 (Supreme Court of Canada 1997).\r\n\r\nR v Schell, 188 CCC (3d) 254 (ABCA) (2004).\r\n\r\nR v Starr, 2 S.C.R. 144 (Supreme Court of Canada 2000).\r\n\r\nR v Steinberg, SCR 42 (Supreme Court of Canada 1931).\r\n\r\nR v Stinchcombe, 3 S.C.R. 326 (Supreme Court of Canada 1991).\r\n\r\nR v Storrey, 1 S.C.R. 241 (Supreme Court of Canada 1990).\r\n\r\nR v Walsh, 199 (ONCA) (Ontario Court of Appeal 1978).\r\n\r\nR v. Mann, 3 S.C.R. 59 (Supreme Court of Canada 2004).\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. v. Beare, 387 (S.C.RL December 17, 1988).<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. v. Briscoe, SCC 13 (Supreme Court of Canada 2010 ).<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. v. Graham, SCR 206 (1974).<\/li>\r\n \t
  4. v. Khan, 2 SCR 531 (Supreme Court of Canada 1990).<\/li>\r\n \t
  5. v. Kowlyk, 2 S.C.R. 59 (Supreme Court of Canada 1988).<\/li>\r\n \t
  6. v. Smith, 2 S.C.R. 915 (Supreme Court of Canada 1992).<\/li>\r\n \t
  7. v. Terrence, 1 S.C.R. 357 (Supreme Court of Canada 1983).<\/li>\r\n \t
  8. v. Woodcock, 168 E.R. 352 (K.B.) (Court of Kings Bench 1789).<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nRatten v R, 3 AllER 801 (Court of Queens Bench 1971).\r\n\r\nReith, C. (1943). Preventive Principle of Police. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology<\/em>, 206\u2013209 Volume 34.\r\n\r\nReith, C. (n.d.). Preventive Principle of Police. Journal of C<\/em>.\r\n\r\nResnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1993). Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 984\u2013991.\r\n\r\nRex v Burdett:, 4 B & A 95 (Court of Kings Bench Nov 27, 1820).\r\n\r\nRogers, Kara. (2016, May 27). Chimera Genetics<\/em>. Retrieved from Encyclopedia Britannica: https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/chimera-genetics\r\n\r\nRose, C. &. (2009). Eyewitness accounts: False facts, false memories, and false identification. Journal of Crime and Justice, 39<\/em>(2), 243-263.\r\n\r\nRossmo, D. K. (1987). Geographic Profiling Target Patterns of Serial Murderers.<\/em> Burnaby: Simon Fraser University.\r\n\r\nRossmo, K. (2009). Criminal Investigative Failures.<\/em> Bocal Raton: CRC Press Taylor & Fransis Group.\r\n\r\nRoyal Canadian Mounted Police. (2006, September 01). National DNA Data Bank<\/em>. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from Royal Canadian Mounted Police: http:\/\/www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca\/nddb-bndg\/index-accueil-eng.htm\r\n\r\nRoyal Canadian Mounted Police. (2015, Nov 27). Criminal Investigative Analysiswe.<\/em> Retrieved from Royal Canadian Mounted Police: http:\/\/www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca\/tops-opst\/bs-sc\/crim-profil-eng.htm\r\n\r\nSalhany, R. (2008). Taman Inquiry into the Investigation and Prosecution of Derek Harvey-Zenk.<\/em> Winnipeg: Government of Manitoba.\r\n\r\nSansregret v. The Queen, 1 S.C.R. 570 (Supreme Court of Canada 1985).\r\n\r\nSavino, J. &. (2011). Rape Investigation Handbook.<\/em> New York: Elsevier.\r\n\r\nSebetic, E. (1950, Fall). Marquette Law Review 128.<\/em> Retrieved from Law Commons: http:\/\/scholarship.law.marquette.edu\/mulr\/vol34\/iss2\/6\r\n\r\nService, S. C. (2015, November 14). Police Warnings - Transit Police.<\/em> Retrieved from www.transitpolice.bc.ca: www.transitpolice.bc.ca\/...\/transit%20police\/...\/od170%20%20police%20\r\n\r\nShah, A. K. (2008). Heuristics Made Easy: An Effort-Reduction Framework. Psychological Bulletin, Princeton University<\/em>.\r\n\r\nSmarlarz, L. &. (2015). Contamination of eyewitness self-reports and the mistaken identification problem. Association of Psychologoical Science, 24<\/em>(2), 120\u2013124.\r\n\r\nSmith, C. (2010). Shaken Baby Syndrome An Investigator's Manual.<\/em> Abbotsford: University of the Fraser Valley.\r\n\r\nSopinka, J. (1999). The Law of Evidence in Canada 2nd ed.<\/em> Toronto, Ontario: LexisNexis Canada.\r\n\r\nStreets, G. M. (2011). The Homicide Witness and Victimization; PTSD in Civilian Populations: A Literature Review. JEFFERSON JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY<\/em>, 59 - 65.\r\n\r\nTaber, K. (2006). Beyond Constructivism: the Progressive Research Programme into Learning Science. Studies in Science Education, 42,<\/em>, pp 125-184.\r\n\r\nThomas, S. a. (2000). JonBenet: Inside the Ramsey Murder Investigation.<\/em> New York: St Maritn's Paperback.\r\n\r\nThompson, R. (2013, September 11). Hearsay and Exceptions to Hearsay Rule.<\/em> Retrieved from Law Society of Saskatchewan Continuing Professional Development: https:\/\/library.lawsociety.sk.ca\/inmagicgenie\/documentfolder\/EFLP3.PDF\r\n\r\nVarney, C. A. (2009). Procedural Fairness. 13th Annual Competition Conference of the International Bar Association<\/em> (pp. 1\u201313). Fiesole Italy: Antitrust Division United States Department of Justice.","rendered":"

    R v Ferguson, 342 (BCCA) (British Columbia Court of Appeal 1996).<\/p>\n

    R v Perka, 2 S.C.R. 232 (Supreme Court of Canada 1984).<\/p>\n

    Abed, R. (2105, November 14). Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 12.<\/em> Retrieved from http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org: http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9001896&fileId=S0790966700002007<\/p>\n

    Allen, R. J. (1991). The Nature of Judicial Proof. Cardozo Law Review<\/em>, 373-422 .<\/p>\n

    Arcaro, G. (2009). Criminal Investitgations Forming Reasonable Grounds<\/em> (Fifth ed.). Toronto, Ontario: Emond Montgomery Publications Limited.<\/p>\n

    Bennett, M. (2015). Unspringing the witness memory and demeanour trap: What every judge and jury needs to know about cognitive psychology and witness credibility.<\/em> Washington: American University of Law.<\/p>\n

    Brainerd, C. &. (2005). Oxford University Press.<\/em> Retrieved from Science of False Memory: https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fqtJaSTg7foC&oi=fnd&pg=PR13&dq=the+ science+of+false+memory&ots=zK_bzllYlF&sig=XlOTss2QP35m2GieECfX3eGQVuc#v=on epage&q=the%20science%20of%20false%20memory&f=false<\/p>\n

    Britannica, E. o. (2015, MAY 15). DNA Chemical Compound<\/em>. Retrieved from Encyclopedia Britannica: https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/DNA<\/p>\n

    Byrnes, T. (2015, November 09). Professional Criminals of America (1886)<\/em>. Retrieved from Online at Archive.org: https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/cu31924096989177<\/p>\n

    Campbell, A. (1996). Bernardo Investigation Review.<\/em> Toronto: Ontario Lieutenant Governor.<\/p>\n

    Campbell, J. A. (1996). Bernardo Investigation Review.<\/em> Toronto: Solicitor General and Minister of Correctional Services.<\/p>\n

    Canada, G. (2015, November 14). Youth Criminal Justice .<\/em> Retrieved from Justice Laws Website – Youth Criminal Justice: http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/Y-1.5\/page-57.html#h-49<\/p>\n

    Canada, Government. (2015, November 05). Your Guide to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms<\/em>. Retrieved from Canadian Heritage: http:\/\/www.pch.gc.ca\/eng\/1356631760121\/1356631904950<\/p>\n

    Canada, L. B. (2015). Criminal Code of Canada.<\/em> Aurora: Martin’s.<\/p>\n

    Canada, S. C. (2009). R. v. Basi. 2009 SCC 52, [2009] 3 SCR 389<\/a><\/p>\n

    Cox, W. A. (2015, November 14). EARLY POSTMORTEM CHANGES.<\/em> Retrieved from forensicmd.files.wordpress.com: https:\/\/forensicmd.files.wordpress.com\/2009\/12\/early-postmortem-changes1.pdf<\/p>\n

    Dass, S. C. (2016). Classification of Fingerprints.<\/em> Retrieved January 15, 2017, from Department of Statistics & Probabilities: https:\/\/www.cse.msu.edu\/~cse802\/Papers\/802_FPClassification.pdf<\/p>\n

    De Saram G.S.W., W. G. (1955\u20131956). Post-Mortem Temperature and the Time of Death. Crim. L. Criminology & Police Science<\/em>, 46.<\/p>\n

    Dictionary, Legal. (2015 – 2, November 05). Duhaime’s Law Dictionary<\/em>. Retrieved from www.duhaime.org: www.duhaime.org<\/p>\n

    Dictionary, Legal. (2015, November 05). Duhaime’s Law Dictionary<\/em>. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.duhaime.org: http:\/\/www.duhaime.org\/LegalDictionary\/N\/NaturalJustice.aspx<\/p>\n

    Dostal, P. (2012). Accessory After the Fact<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadain Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Accessory_After_the_Fact<\/p>\n

    Dostal, P. (2012). Attempts<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Attempts<\/p>\n

    Dostal, P. (2012). Conspiracy (Offence)<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Conspiracy_(Offence)<\/p>\n

    Dostal, P. (2012). Counselling<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Counselling<\/p>\n

    Dostal, P. (2012). Informer Privilege<\/em>. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Informer_Privilege<\/p>\n

    Dostal, P. (2012). Parties to an Offence<\/em>. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Parties_to_an_Offence<\/p>\n

    Dostal, P. (2012). Principled Exception to Hearsay<\/em>. Retrieved January 12, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Principled_Exception_to_Hearsay<\/p>\n

    Dostal, P. (2012). Principles of Fundamental Justice<\/em>. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from The Canadian Criminal Law Notebook: http:\/\/criminalnotebook.ca\/index.php\/Principles_of_Fundamental_Justice<\/p>\n

    Elsevier, B. (2016). Coup contrecoup injury<\/em>. Retrieved January 27, 2017, from Science Direct: http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/page\/Coup_contrecoup_injury<\/p>\n

    Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. (2017). Rigor Mortis and Other Postmortem Changes<\/em>. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from Encyclopedia of Death and Dying: http:\/\/www.deathreference.com\/Py-Se\/Rigor-Mortis-and-Other-Postmortem-Changes.html<\/p>\n

    EnkiVillage. (2017). How Long Does It Take for a Body to Decompose?<\/em> Retrieved January 16, 2017, from EnkiVillage: http:\/\/www.enkivillage.com\/how-long-does-it-take-for-a-body-to-decompose.html#affix-section-3<\/p>\n

    Fookes, S. A. (1973). Patrol Sergeant. (A. GEHL, Interviewer)<\/p>\n

    Gaytmenn R, S. D. (2003, May). Quantification of forensic DNA from various regions of human teeth. Journal of Forensic Science, 48<\/em>(3), 622 to 625.<\/p>\n

    Gecker, R. A. (1989). The Doctrine of Necessity and Its Parameters. Marquette Law Review<\/em>, 1 – 39 Volume 73 Article 1.<\/p>\n

    Giannelli, P. C. (2007). Faculty Publications.Paper 153<\/em>. Retrieved Janauary 27, 2017, from Case Western University School of Law: http:\/\/scholarlycommons.law.case.edu\/faculty_publications\/153<\/p>\n

    Gibson, D. (2014). The Kennedy Assassination Cover-up.<\/em> New York: Kroshka Books.<\/p>\n

    Goff, L. (2015, November 14). Early post-mortem changes and stages of decomposition.<\/em> Retrieved from www.academia.dk: http:\/\/www.academia.dk\/BiologiskAntropologi\/Tafonomi\/PDF\/post-mortem-changes.pdf<\/p>\n

    Government of British Columbia. (2015, Nov 27). British Columbia Police Act.<\/em> Retrieved from www.qp.gov.bc.c: http:\/\/www.qp.gov.bc.ca\/police\/ec36700.htm#34<\/p>\n

    Government of Canada. (2015, November 13). Canada Evidence Act<\/em>. Retrieved from http:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/C-5\/: http:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/C-5\/<\/p>\n

    Government of Canada. (2017, January 16). Canada Evidence Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-5)<\/em>. Retrieved January 23, 2017, from Justice Laws Website: http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/C-5\/<\/p>\n

    Government of Canada. (2017, January 14). Conspiracy<\/em>. Retrieved January 11, 2017, from Justice Laws Website: http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/C-46\/section-465.html<\/p>\n

    Gubrium, J. &. (2002). Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method.<\/em> Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.<\/p>\n

    Gudgonsson, G. H. (2015 , November 14). Custodial interrogation: Why do suspects confess and how does it relate to their crime, attitude and personality.<\/em> Retrieved from http:\/\/www.researchgate.net: http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/247166373_Custodial_interrogation_Why_do_suspects_confess_and_how_does_it_relate_to_their_crime_attitude_and_personality<\/p>\n

    Guharaj, P. V. (2003). Forensic Medicine 2nd Edition.<\/em> Hyderabad: Longman Orient: Sangam Books Ltd.<\/p>\n

    Head, T. a. (2010). Crime and Punishment in America.<\/em> New York: Infobase Publishing.<\/p>\n

    Henry, E. R. (1900). Classification and Uses of Fingerprints. Routledge<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    Hill v Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police Services Board, SCC 41, [2007] (Supreme Court of Canada 2007).<\/p>\n

    Hitchcock, T. S. (2015, June 05). www.oldbaileyonline.org\/static\/Policing.jsp (searched June 2015).<\/em> Retrieved from The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913: www.oldbaileyonline.org\/static\/Policing.jsp<\/p>\n

    Irwin Law. (n.d.). Prima facie case<\/em>. Retrieved January 14, 2017, from The Canadian Online Legal Dictionary: https:\/\/www.irwinlaw.com\/cold\/prima_facie_case<\/p>\n

    Jaffe, F. A. (1994). Petechial Hemorrhages: A Review of Pathogenesis. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology<\/em>, 203\u2013207.<\/p>\n

    Jain, A. F. (2010). Fingerprint Matching. Biometrics<\/em>, 36\u201344.<\/p>\n

    Justice Canada. (2017, January 14). Rules of Evidence in Canada<\/em>. Retrieved January 14, 2017, from Canada Evidnce Act: http:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/C-5\/<\/p>\n

    Justice Department Canada. (2017, January 02). Rules of Evidene<\/em>. Retrieved from Canada Evidence Act: http:\/\/laws.justice.gc.ca\/en\/C-5\/<\/p>\n

    Justice Laws Canada. (2017). Duty of persons to provide necessaries<\/em>. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from Justice Laws Website: http:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/C-46\/section-215.html<\/p>\n

    Kaufman, F. (1998). Report of the Kaufman Commission on Proceedings Involving Guy Paul Morin.<\/em> Toronto: Ontario Government.<\/p>\n

    Legal Information Institute. (2016, December 31). Wex Legal Process<\/em>. Retrieved from Legal Information Institute : https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/prima_facie<\/p>\n

    Lindsey, S. H. (2003). COMMUNICATING STATISTICAL DNA EVIDENCE. Jurimetrics, 43 <\/em>(Winter 2003), 147 to 163.<\/p>\n

    MacCallum, E. P. (2008). Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Wrongful Conviction of David Milgaard.<\/em> Regina: Saskatchewan Government.<\/p>\n

    MacDonell, J. (1820). Report of State Trials Volume 1.<\/em> London: The State Trial Committee.<\/p>\n

    MacDonell, J. (n.d.). Report of State Trials .<\/em><\/p>\n

    Macrae, M. (2015, April 17). Is the Science of DNA Wrongful Conviction-Proof?<\/em> Retrieved January 17, 2017, from Innocence Canada: https:\/\/www.aidwyc.org\/dna\/<\/p>\n

    McCrery, N. (2013). Silent Witnesses.<\/em> London: Random House Books p.51.<\/p>\n

    McRory, S. (2014, May). Introduction to Criminal Process for Inspector. Compliance Assurance Learning and Development Program<\/em>, 43. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Alberta Energy Regulator.<\/p>\n

    Morgan, C. H. (2004). Accuracy of eyewitness memory for persons encountered during exposure to highly intense stress. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry<\/em>, 265\u2013279.<\/p>\n

    National Science Forensic Technology Center. (2012). A Simplified Guide To Bloodstain Pattern Analysis .<\/em> Retrieved January 15, 2017, from National Science Forensic Technology Center: www.forensicsciencesimplified.org\/blood\/BloodstainPatterns.pdf<\/p>\n

    Oorsouw, K. M. (2015). Alcohol intoxication impairs memory and increases suggestibility for a mock crime: a filed study. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29<\/em>, 293\u2013501.<\/p>\n

    Oppal, W. (2013). The report of the mission women commission of inquiry.<\/em> Vancouver: British Columbia Government.<\/p>\n

    Pennington, M. (1999). Miscarriages of Justice ; A call for continued research focusing on reforming the investigative process. Journal of Forensic Practice<\/em>, 61\u201371 Volume 13.<\/p>\n

    Petherick, W. A. (2010). Forensic Criminology.<\/em> London: Elservier Academic Press.<\/p>\n

    Police Executive Research Forum. (2014, March 14). The Police Response to Active Shooter Incidents. Critical Issues in Policing Series, <\/em>pp. 1\u201346.<\/p>\n

    R v Abernathy, BCCA 8 (2002).<\/p>\n

    R v Beaudry, 1 SCR 190 (Supreme Court of Canada 2007).<\/p>\n

    R v Gagnon, MBCA X at 13 (Manitioba Court of Appeal 2006).<\/p>\n

    R v Godoy, 1 S.C.R. 311 (Supreme Court of Canada 1999).<\/p>\n

    R v Grant, SCC 32 (Supreme Court of Canada 2009 ).<\/p>\n

    R v Lifchus, 3 S.C.R. 320 (Supreme Court of Canada 1997).<\/p>\n

    R v Schell, 188 CCC (3d) 254 (ABCA) (2004).<\/p>\n

    R v Starr, 2 S.C.R. 144 (Supreme Court of Canada 2000).<\/p>\n

    R v Steinberg, SCR 42 (Supreme Court of Canada 1931).<\/p>\n

    R v Stinchcombe, 3 S.C.R. 326 (Supreme Court of Canada 1991).<\/p>\n

    R v Storrey, 1 S.C.R. 241 (Supreme Court of Canada 1990).<\/p>\n

    R v Walsh, 199 (ONCA) (Ontario Court of Appeal 1978).<\/p>\n

    R v. Mann, 3 S.C.R. 59 (Supreme Court of Canada 2004).<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. v. Beare, 387 (S.C.RL December 17, 1988).<\/li>\n
    2. v. Briscoe, SCC 13 (Supreme Court of Canada 2010 ).<\/li>\n
    3. v. Graham, SCR 206 (1974).<\/li>\n
    4. v. Khan, 2 SCR 531 (Supreme Court of Canada 1990).<\/li>\n
    5. v. Kowlyk, 2 S.C.R. 59 (Supreme Court of Canada 1988).<\/li>\n
    6. v. Smith, 2 S.C.R. 915 (Supreme Court of Canada 1992).<\/li>\n
    7. v. Terrence, 1 S.C.R. 357 (Supreme Court of Canada 1983).<\/li>\n
    8. v. Woodcock, 168 E.R. 352 (K.B.) (Court of Kings Bench 1789).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Ratten v R, 3 AllER 801 (Court of Queens Bench 1971).<\/p>\n

      Reith, C. (1943). Preventive Principle of Police. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology<\/em>, 206\u2013209 Volume 34.<\/p>\n

      Reith, C. (n.d.). Preventive Principle of Police. Journal of C<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1993). Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 984\u2013991.<\/p>\n

      Rex v Burdett:, 4 B & A 95 (Court of Kings Bench Nov 27, 1820).<\/p>\n

      Rogers, Kara. (2016, May 27). Chimera Genetics<\/em>. Retrieved from Encyclopedia Britannica: https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/chimera-genetics<\/p>\n

      Rose, C. &. (2009). Eyewitness accounts: False facts, false memories, and false identification. Journal of Crime and Justice, 39<\/em>(2), 243-263.<\/p>\n

      Rossmo, D. K. (1987). Geographic Profiling Target Patterns of Serial Murderers.<\/em> Burnaby: Simon Fraser University.<\/p>\n

      Rossmo, K. (2009). Criminal Investigative Failures.<\/em> Bocal Raton: CRC Press Taylor & Fransis Group.<\/p>\n

      Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2006, September 01). National DNA Data Bank<\/em>. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from Royal Canadian Mounted Police: http:\/\/www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca\/nddb-bndg\/index-accueil-eng.htm<\/p>\n

      Royal Canadian Mounted Police. (2015, Nov 27). Criminal Investigative Analysiswe.<\/em> Retrieved from Royal Canadian Mounted Police: http:\/\/www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca\/tops-opst\/bs-sc\/crim-profil-eng.htm<\/p>\n

      Salhany, R. (2008). Taman Inquiry into the Investigation and Prosecution of Derek Harvey-Zenk.<\/em> Winnipeg: Government of Manitoba.<\/p>\n

      Sansregret v. The Queen, 1 S.C.R. 570 (Supreme Court of Canada 1985).<\/p>\n

      Savino, J. &. (2011). Rape Investigation Handbook.<\/em> New York: Elsevier.<\/p>\n

      Sebetic, E. (1950, Fall). Marquette Law Review 128.<\/em> Retrieved from Law Commons: http:\/\/scholarship.law.marquette.edu\/mulr\/vol34\/iss2\/6<\/p>\n

      Service, S. C. (2015, November 14). Police Warnings – Transit Police.<\/em> Retrieved from www.transitpolice.bc.ca: www.transitpolice.bc.ca\/…\/transit%20police\/…\/od170%20%20police%20<\/p>\n

      Shah, A. K. (2008). Heuristics Made Easy: An Effort-Reduction Framework. Psychological Bulletin, Princeton University<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      Smarlarz, L. &. (2015). Contamination of eyewitness self-reports and the mistaken identification problem. Association of Psychologoical Science, 24<\/em>(2), 120\u2013124.<\/p>\n

      Smith, C. (2010). Shaken Baby Syndrome An Investigator’s Manual.<\/em> Abbotsford: University of the Fraser Valley.<\/p>\n

      Sopinka, J. (1999). The Law of Evidence in Canada 2nd ed.<\/em> Toronto, Ontario: LexisNexis Canada.<\/p>\n

      Streets, G. M. (2011). The Homicide Witness and Victimization; PTSD in Civilian Populations: A Literature Review. JEFFERSON JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY<\/em>, 59 – 65.<\/p>\n

      Taber, K. (2006). Beyond Constructivism: the Progressive Research Programme into Learning Science. Studies in Science Education, 42,<\/em>, pp 125-184.<\/p>\n

      Thomas, S. a. (2000). JonBenet: Inside the Ramsey Murder Investigation.<\/em> New York: St Maritn’s Paperback.<\/p>\n

      Thompson, R. (2013, September 11). Hearsay and Exceptions to Hearsay Rule.<\/em> Retrieved from Law Society of Saskatchewan Continuing Professional Development: https:\/\/library.lawsociety.sk.ca\/inmagicgenie\/documentfolder\/EFLP3.PDF<\/p>\n

      Varney, C. A. (2009). Procedural Fairness. 13th Annual Competition Conference of the International Bar Association<\/em> (pp. 1\u201313). Fiesole Italy: Antitrust Division United States Department of Justice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"References","pb_subtitle":"References","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[30],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-145","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry","back-matter-type-bibliography"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":282,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/145\/revisions\/282"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/145\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/criminalinvestigation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}