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The content of this textbook is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY) license, which means that you can distribute, remix, and build upon the content, as long as you provide attribution to its content contributors.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Since this textbook is primarily web based, updates can be made 'live' when deemed pedagogically necessary. If you have a correction to suggest, please submit it by email for review to Dr. Jennifer Barker, whose current contact information can be obtained from the Biology faculty page of the Douglas College website: https:\/\/www.douglascollege.ca\/programs-courses\/faculties\/science-technology\/biology\/faculty<\/a><\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n Jennifer Barker, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Casper De Villiers, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Todd Harper, Douglas College\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n Jennifer Barker, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Jessie Clasen, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Reyniel Cruz-Aguado, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Casper De Villiers, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Luis R. Gonzalez-Torres, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Leon J. Guppy, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Todd Harper, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Sarwat Jamil, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Shamsa Jessa, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Weissy Lee, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Elinor Matheson, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Rosemary Oh-McGinnis, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Maxence Salomon, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Lynette Sigola-Baretto, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Mike Silvergieter, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Liza Sutton, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Ryan Viveiros, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Shelley Weisser, Douglas College\r\n<\/span>Cheryl Tautorus, Douglas College\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n The authors of this textbook wish to thank OpenStax for the initial creation of a college-level open Anatomy & Physiology textbook, without which it is unlikely this edition would have been produced.<\/p>\r\nWe also wish to thank BCcampus for providing financial support for the development of vector-based images to accompany this textbook, for providing the instance of the Pressbooks platform on which this textbook is hosted, and for providing technical support to the authors.\r\n\r\nFinally, we wish to thank the remaining faculty members of the Biology Department for their valuable input into the content and organization of this textbook, Sara McKinnon for creating the section on lever systems and its associated diagrams, and Zoir Amirdad for creating many of the scalable vector-based versions of the images found in this textbook and also available as separate auxiliary resources.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":" Welcome to the Douglas College Anatomy & Physiology open textbook!<\/p>\n This textbook is a project under development by our Biology faculty to ultimately provide students with all the factual information they\u00a0need to succeed in the BIOL 1103 and BIOL 1109 courses\u00a0at Douglas College in BC, Canada. \u00a0Readers should be aware that the information herein is subject to change at any time as corrections, additions, or other important modifications are made.\u00a0 Current students at Douglas College should be aware that only the most recent version of this textbook will be considered by their instructors to be complete and correct. \u00a0The most recent version of this second edition will remain accessible online at\u00a0https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol110311092nded\/<\/a>, and the most recent version of the second edition of the companion textbook (developed for Douglas College’s BIOL 1203 and BIOL 1209 courses) will also remain accessible online at\u00a0https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol120312092nded\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n This textbook was developed initially as an adaptation of the OpenStax Anatomy & Physiology textbook, freely and perpetually available online at http:\/\/cnx.org\/content\/col11496\/latest\/<\/a>.\u00a0 The original adaptations of that OpenStax textbook for Douglas College are accessible online at https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol11031109\/<\/a> and\u00a0https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol12031209\/<\/a> In the first edition of the Douglas College adaptations the chapter and section numbers were left as they were in the version of the OpenStax A&P textbook, from which they were largely drawn.\u00a0 However, this second edition has been more extensively edited and rearranged to correspond with the curriculum used at Douglas College, so chapter and section numbers are no longer aligned specifically with the OpenStax A&P textbook.<\/p>\n \n<\/div>\nAbout Anatomy and Physiology<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Section 1: Levels of Organization<\/em><\/h4>\r\nUnits 1\u20138 provide students with a basic understanding of human anatomy and physiology, including its language, the levels of organization, and the basics of chemistry and cell biology. These units provide a foundation for the further study of the body. They also focus particularly on how the body\u2019s regions, important chemicals, and cells maintain homeostasis.\r\n\r\nUnit 1 Atoms & Molecules\r\nUnit 2 The Chemistry of Water\r\nUnit 3 Biochemistry\r\nUnit 4 Cell Structure and Function\r\nUnit 5 Cell Biology: Membrane Transport\r\nUnit 6 Tissue: Structure and Function\r\nUnit 7 Body Structure\r\nUnit 8 Homeostasis\r\n
Section 2: Nervous Regulation and Integration<\/h4>\r\nIn Units 9-10, students explore the structure of the nervous system and how it functions, to prepare them to understand how it is used to regulate other body systems that are discussed in subsequent units. This section is the first to walk students through a specific system of the body.\r\n\r\nUnit 9 The Nervous System\r\nUnit 10 Sensory Systems\r\n
Section 3: Support and Movement<\/h4>\r\nUnits 11-16 introduce students to the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems that provide support and protection to the human body, as well as allow movement.\r\n\r\nUnit 11 The Integumentary System\r\nUnit 12 The Skeletal System\r\nUnit 13 Joints\r\nUnit 14 Biomechanics\r\nUnit 15 Muscle Anatomy\r\nUnit 16 Muscle Physiology\r\n
Additional sections<\/h4>\r\nThe remaining systems of the human body are covered in the companion textbook to this one, designed for Douglas College's BIOL 1203 and BIOL 1209 courses.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n
About the Authors<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
Editors<\/h4>\r\n
Contributing Authors<\/h4>\r\n
Special Thanks<\/em><\/h3>\r\n
About this Resource<\/em><\/h3>\n