{"id":186,"date":"2023-12-04T10:22:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T15:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/chapter\/metastatic-cancer-melanoma\/"},"modified":"2023-12-04T10:42:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T15:42:56","slug":"metastatic-cancer-melanoma","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/chapter\/metastatic-cancer-melanoma\/","title":{"raw":"Histopathology of Melanoma","rendered":"Histopathology of Melanoma"},"content":{"raw":"\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nAt the end of this section, you will be able to:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Identify common histopathological features of melanoma.<\/li>\n \t<li>Determine whether the cancer is contained vs invading based on the basement membrane.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nBefore viewing these next videos on the histopathology of melanoma, please recall that:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Cancerous changes are seen histologically by nuclear changes.<\/li>\n \t<li>Whether cancer is contained (i.e. localized) or invading depends on whether it has crossed the basement membrane.<\/li>\n \t<li>Metastasis can be determined if the primary cancer is found in distant structures.&nbsp; Metastasis can't be diagnosed from the original site.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Critical Thinking &amp; Histopathology Exercises<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nAnswer the following questions for yourself before viewing the following videos.\n<ul>\n \t<li>Melanocytes are few in number compared to keratinocytes.&nbsp; What would melanoma look like on low power magnification?<\/li>\n \t<li>Recall the cellular basis of cancer and what is happening at the DNA level. How would that look in nuclei stained with H&amp;E?<\/li>\n \t<li>Cancer is known for uncontrolled growth. What would you expect to be the size of the cell undergoing cancerous changes?&nbsp; What would make that cell be bigger? smaller?<\/li>\n \t<li>Cancerous tissues are known to be at different levels of differentiation.&nbsp; What would that look like when looking at thousands of cells on low magnification vs&nbsp; dozens of cells on high power magnification?<\/li>\n \t<li>Whether a cancer spreads depends on whether it invades the basement membrane.&nbsp; What would that look like in low power magnification?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Histopathology of Melanoma- Smaller Magnification<\/h2>\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n[h5p id=\"47\"]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #f0f0f0;padding: 5px\"><sup><strong>Malignant Melanoma (Low Power) - DHPLC eslide PATH 425-249<\/strong>&nbsp; by Lyz Boyd, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/choosealicense.com\/no-license\/\">All rights reserved<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<h2>Histopathology of Melanoma - Greater Magnification<\/h2>\n[h5p id=\"48\"]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #f0f0f0;padding: 5px\"><sup><strong>Malignant Melanoma (High Power) - DHPLC eslide: PATH 425-249<\/strong>&nbsp; by Lyz Boyd, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/choosealicense.com\/no-license\/\">All rights reserved<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<h1>Section Review<\/h1>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Melanoma is identifiable by an abnormal number and collection of melanocytes compared to its normal distribution among keratinocytes.<\/li>\n \t<li>Common cancerous changes in melanocytes include:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Nuclei of different sizes with very little cytosol.<\/li>\n \t<li>Cells in different sizes and stages of differentiation and cellular division.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Melanoma is considered invasive if the abnormal growth of melanocytes has breached the basement membrane separating the epidermis and the dermis.&nbsp; Should these abnormal melanocytes be in close proximity to the blood vessels and lymphatics of the dermis &amp; hypodermis, metastasis can occur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Review Questions<\/h1>\n[h5p id=\"108\"]\n\n&nbsp;\n","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>At the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify common histopathological features of melanoma.<\/li>\n<li>Determine whether the cancer is contained vs invading based on the basement membrane.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Before viewing these next videos on the histopathology of melanoma, please recall that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cancerous changes are seen histologically by nuclear changes.<\/li>\n<li>Whether cancer is contained (i.e. localized) or invading depends on whether it has crossed the basement membrane.<\/li>\n<li>Metastasis can be determined if the primary cancer is found in distant structures.&nbsp; Metastasis can&#8217;t be diagnosed from the original site.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Critical Thinking &amp; Histopathology Exercises<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Answer the following questions for yourself before viewing the following videos.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Melanocytes are few in number compared to keratinocytes.&nbsp; What would melanoma look like on low power magnification?<\/li>\n<li>Recall the cellular basis of cancer and what is happening at the DNA level. How would that look in nuclei stained with H&amp;E?<\/li>\n<li>Cancer is known for uncontrolled growth. What would you expect to be the size of the cell undergoing cancerous changes?&nbsp; What would make that cell be bigger? smaller?<\/li>\n<li>Cancerous tissues are known to be at different levels of differentiation.&nbsp; What would that look like when looking at thousands of cells on low magnification vs&nbsp; dozens of cells on high power magnification?<\/li>\n<li>Whether a cancer spreads depends on whether it invades the basement membrane.&nbsp; What would that look like in low power magnification?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Histopathology of Melanoma- Smaller Magnification<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #f0f0f0;padding: 5px\"><sup><strong>Malignant Melanoma (Low Power) &#8211; DHPLC eslide PATH 425-249<\/strong>&nbsp; by Lyz Boyd, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/choosealicense.com\/no-license\/\">All rights reserved<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>Histopathology of Melanoma &#8211; Greater Magnification<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;background-color: #f0f0f0;padding: 5px\"><sup><strong>Malignant Melanoma (High Power) &#8211; DHPLC eslide: PATH 425-249<\/strong>&nbsp; by Lyz Boyd, licensed under <a href=\"https:\/\/choosealicense.com\/no-license\/\">All rights reserved<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h1>Section Review<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>Melanoma is identifiable by an abnormal number and collection of melanocytes compared to its normal distribution among keratinocytes.<\/li>\n<li>Common cancerous changes in melanocytes include:\n<ul>\n<li>Nuclei of different sizes with very little cytosol.<\/li>\n<li>Cells in different sizes and stages of differentiation and cellular division.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Melanoma is considered invasive if the abnormal growth of melanocytes has breached the basement membrane separating the epidermis and the dermis.&nbsp; Should these abnormal melanocytes be in close proximity to the blood vessels and lymphatics of the dermis &amp; hypodermis, metastasis can occur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Review Questions<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"menu_order":20,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["lyz-boyd","jen-2"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[117],"license":[],"class_list":["post-186","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry","contributor-jen-2"],"part":131,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/103"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1322,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/186\/revisions\/1322"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/131"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/186\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=186"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=186"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}