{"id":439,"date":"2023-12-04T10:25:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T15:25:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/chapter\/cirrhosis-chapter-overview\/"},"modified":"2023-12-04T10:25:11","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T15:25:11","slug":"cirrhosis-chapter-overview","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/chapter\/cirrhosis-chapter-overview\/","title":{"raw":"Cirrhosis Chapter Overview","rendered":"Cirrhosis Chapter Overview"},"content":{"raw":"\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Chapter Learning Objectives<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

\n
    \n \t
  1. \n
    Describe the anatomy and physiology of the liver.<\/div><\/li>\n \t
  2. \n
    Describe the pathogenesis and manifestations of liver cirrhosis.<\/div><\/li>\n \t
  3. \n
    Identify the main risk factors and causes for liver cirrhosis.<\/div><\/li>\n \t
  4. \n
    Explain how laboratory findings and diagnostics determine the cause and extent of liver damage.<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nCirrhosis is end-stage liver failure.  Many things can cause liver damage:  .\n\nAccording to Health Canada and the Canadian Liver Foundation, 1 in 4 Canadians experience some degree of liver malfunction in their lifetime. There are over 100 liver diseases caused by a variety of factors including; viruses, toxins, genetics, alcohol, medications, biliary obstructions and unknown causes.\n
    <\/div>\n
    Regardless of the cause, repeated chronic liver damage will result in cirrhosis where the liver experiences persistent damage with ensuing inflammation, to the extent that liver regeneration is unable keep up, leading to lower hepatocyte numbers and permanent scarring (fibrosis).<\/div>\n
    \n\nThis chapter is subdivided into:\n
      \n \t
    • Pre-test<\/li>\n \t
    • Normal liver and gallbladder<\/li>\n \t
    • Gross anatomy and histology of normal liver<\/li>\n \t
    • Causes and pathophysiology of cirrhosis<\/li>\n \t
    • Gross pathology of cirrhotic liver<\/li>\n \t
    • Histopathology of cirrhosis<\/li>\n \t
    • Clinical manifestations of cirrhosis<\/li>\n \t
    • Treatment and prognosis of AKI<\/li>\n \t
    • Consequences of AKI in other systems<\/li>\n \t
    • Diagnosis of cirrhosis<\/li>\n \t
    • Interprofessional collaboration during the diagnosis and management of cirrhosis<\/li>\n \t
    • Chapter Summary<\/li>\n \t
    • Post-test<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

      Abbreviations<\/h1>\nThe following abbreviations are used throughout the chapter.\n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      CBC<\/td>\nComplete Blood Count<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      INR<\/td>\nInternational Normalized Ratio<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      IVC<\/td>\nInferior Vena Cava<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      LFTs<\/td>\nLiver Function Tests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      PTT<\/td>\nProthrombin Time Test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      SVC<\/td>\nSuperior Vena Cava<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \n
      <\/div>\n","rendered":"
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n

      Chapter Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

      \n
        \n
      1. \n
        Describe the anatomy and physiology of the liver.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        Describe the pathogenesis and manifestations of liver cirrhosis.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        Identify the main risk factors and causes for liver cirrhosis.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \n
        Explain how laboratory findings and diagnostics determine the cause and extent of liver damage.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        Cirrhosis is end-stage liver failure.  Many things can cause liver damage:  .<\/p>\n

        According to Health Canada and the Canadian Liver Foundation, 1 in 4 Canadians experience some degree of liver malfunction in their lifetime. There are over 100 liver diseases caused by a variety of factors including; viruses, toxins, genetics, alcohol, medications, biliary obstructions and unknown causes.<\/p>\n

        <\/div>\n
        Regardless of the cause, repeated chronic liver damage will result in cirrhosis where the liver experiences persistent damage with ensuing inflammation, to the extent that liver regeneration is unable keep up, leading to lower hepatocyte numbers and permanent scarring (fibrosis).<\/div>\n
        \n

        This chapter is subdivided into:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Pre-test<\/li>\n
        • Normal liver and gallbladder<\/li>\n
        • Gross anatomy and histology of normal liver<\/li>\n
        • Causes and pathophysiology of cirrhosis<\/li>\n
        • Gross pathology of cirrhotic liver<\/li>\n
        • Histopathology of cirrhosis<\/li>\n
        • Clinical manifestations of cirrhosis<\/li>\n
        • Treatment and prognosis of AKI<\/li>\n
        • Consequences of AKI in other systems<\/li>\n
        • Diagnosis of cirrhosis<\/li>\n
        • Interprofessional collaboration during the diagnosis and management of cirrhosis<\/li>\n
        • Chapter Summary<\/li>\n
        • Post-test<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

          Abbreviations<\/h1>\n

          The following abbreviations are used throughout the chapter.<\/p>\n

          \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          CBC<\/td>\nComplete Blood Count<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          INR<\/td>\nInternational Normalized Ratio<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          IVC<\/td>\nInferior Vena Cava<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          LFTs<\/td>\nLiver Function Tests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          PTT<\/td>\nProthrombin Time Test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          SVC<\/td>\nSuperior Vena Cava<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

           <\/p>\n

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