{"id":473,"date":"2023-12-04T10:25:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T15:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/chapter\/diabetes-chapter-overview\/"},"modified":"2023-12-04T10:31:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T15:31:48","slug":"diabetes-chapter-overview","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/chapter\/diabetes-chapter-overview\/","title":{"raw":"Diabetes Mellitus Chapter Overview","rendered":"Diabetes Mellitus Chapter Overview"},"content":{"raw":"\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Chapter Learning Objectives<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\n<ol>\n \t<li>Define diabetes mellitus and differentiate between Type 1, Type 2, and gestational.<\/li>\n \t<li>Explain the differing roles of insulin and insulin receptors in the types of diabetes.<\/li>\n \t<li>Identify histological features in the pancreas associated with diabetes.<\/li>\n \t<li>List the diverse clinical manifestations of the onset of diabetes and explain the pathophysiology behind each.<\/li>\n \t<li>Correlate consequences of uncontrolled diabetes in the cardiovascular, neural, and renal systems.<\/li>\n \t<li>Briefly describe how interprofessional collaboration of health care professions work towards diagnosis and management of diabetes and its consequences.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-id1845479\">[pb_glossary id=\"1084\"]Diabetes mellitus[\/pb_glossary] is a dysfunction of either insulin production and secretion (Type 1) or the tissue's insensitivity to the insulin hormone (Type 2 &amp; gestational). As a consequence, glucose can not get into most cells of the body resulting in high blood sugar and cells 'starving' for glucose.&nbsp; The blood sugars become abnormally high, regardless of whether when or what a person has eaten.<\/p>\nAn increasingly common disease, diabetes mellitus is diagnosed in both adults and children; however, millions more adults have diabetes but have not yet been diagnosed. In addition, the population as a whole is approaching pre-diabetic levels, a condition in which blood glucose levels are abnormally high, but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes.\n\nThis chapter is subdivided into:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Pre-test<\/li>\n \t<li>Anatomy &amp; histology of endocrine pancreas and glucose homeostasis<\/li>\n \t<li>Normal gross anatomy &amp; histology of pancreas<\/li>\n \t<li>Type I (1) diabetes<\/li>\n \t<li>Type II (2) diabetes<\/li>\n \t<li>Gestational diabetes<\/li>\n \t<li>Diagnosis of diabetes<\/li>\n \t<li>Consequences of chronic high sugar in other systems<\/li>\n \t<li>Interprofessional collaboration during care of diabetes<\/li>\n \t<li>Management and treatment of diabetes<\/li>\n \t<li>Consequences of untreated high blood sugar:&nbsp; diabetic ketoacidosis<\/li>\n \t<li>Video of patient and family's life with Type I diabetes:&nbsp; the McKinstry family<\/li>\n \t<li>Chapter summary<\/li>\n \t<li>Post-test<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Abbreviations<\/h1>\nThe following abbreviations are used throughout the chapter.\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\" border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9065%\">DM<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0935%\">Diabetes Mellitus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.90654205607476%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;DKA&quot;}\">DKA<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.09345794392524%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Diabetic Ketoacidosis&quot;}\">Diabetic Ketoacidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.90654205607476%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;T1DM&quot;}\">T1DM<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.09345794392524%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus&quot;}\">Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.90654205607476%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;T2DM&quot;}\">T2DM<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.09345794392524%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus&quot;}\">Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Chapter Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Define diabetes mellitus and differentiate between Type 1, Type 2, and gestational.<\/li>\n<li>Explain the differing roles of insulin and insulin receptors in the types of diabetes.<\/li>\n<li>Identify histological features in the pancreas associated with diabetes.<\/li>\n<li>List the diverse clinical manifestations of the onset of diabetes and explain the pathophysiology behind each.<\/li>\n<li>Correlate consequences of uncontrolled diabetes in the cardiovascular, neural, and renal systems.<\/li>\n<li>Briefly describe how interprofessional collaboration of health care professions work towards diagnosis and management of diabetes and its consequences.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-id1845479\"><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_473_1084\">Diabetes mellitus<\/a> is a dysfunction of either insulin production and secretion (Type 1) or the tissue&#8217;s insensitivity to the insulin hormone (Type 2 &amp; gestational). As a consequence, glucose can not get into most cells of the body resulting in high blood sugar and cells &#8216;starving&#8217; for glucose.&nbsp; The blood sugars become abnormally high, regardless of whether when or what a person has eaten.<\/p>\n<p>An increasingly common disease, diabetes mellitus is diagnosed in both adults and children; however, millions more adults have diabetes but have not yet been diagnosed. In addition, the population as a whole is approaching pre-diabetic levels, a condition in which blood glucose levels are abnormally high, but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes.<\/p>\n<p>This chapter is subdivided into:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-test<\/li>\n<li>Anatomy &amp; histology of endocrine pancreas and glucose homeostasis<\/li>\n<li>Normal gross anatomy &amp; histology of pancreas<\/li>\n<li>Type I (1) diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Type II (2) diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Gestational diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Diagnosis of diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Consequences of chronic high sugar in other systems<\/li>\n<li>Interprofessional collaboration during care of diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Management and treatment of diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Consequences of untreated high blood sugar:&nbsp; diabetic ketoacidosis<\/li>\n<li>Video of patient and family&#8217;s life with Type I diabetes:&nbsp; the McKinstry family<\/li>\n<li>Chapter summary<\/li>\n<li>Post-test<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Abbreviations<\/h1>\n<p>The following abbreviations are used throughout the chapter.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.9065%\">DM<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.0935%\">Diabetes Mellitus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.90654205607476%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;DKA&quot;}\">DKA<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.09345794392524%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Diabetic Ketoacidosis&quot;}\">Diabetic Ketoacidosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.90654205607476%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;T1DM&quot;}\">T1DM<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.09345794392524%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus&quot;}\">Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 49.90654205607476%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;T2DM&quot;}\">T2DM<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.09345794392524%\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus&quot;}\">Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_473_1084\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_473_1084\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>a condition caused by destruction or dysfunction of the beta cells of the pancreas or cellular resistance to insulin that results in abnormally high blood glucose levels<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":103,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["jen-2"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[117],"license":[],"class_list":["post-473","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-jen-2"],"part":472,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/103"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1300,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/473\/revisions\/1300"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/472"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/473\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=473"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=473"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/dcbiol2200\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}