{"id":530,"date":"2018-02-21T19:08:02","date_gmt":"2018-02-22T00:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/chapter\/chapter-2-%e2%80%a2-studio-equipment\/"},"modified":"2020-10-25T17:41:27","modified_gmt":"2020-10-25T21:41:27","slug":"chapter-2-%e2%80%a2-studio-equipment","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/chapter\/chapter-2-%e2%80%a2-studio-equipment\/","title":{"raw":"Camera Equipment","rendered":"Camera Equipment"},"content":{"raw":"This chapter discusses what you\u2019ll need to get started in digital photography. In addition to a digital camera, you may need additional lenses, filters, studio lighting, lighting diffusers and reflectors, light stands and quality control devices to help make your photos accurate and consistent (but with the technology built into today's cameras, including our phones, you can get pretty far without needing extra equipment).\r\n<h2>Camera<\/h2>\r\nA digital camera is the first thing you\u2019ll need for digital photography. Traditionally, digital cameras have been commonly discussed as belonging to one of three categories: consumer, prosumer, and professional, however increasingly powerful camera phones have blurred the lines between these categories. For many PR professionals, a high-quality camera phone can meet many needs with the right technique, however a DSLR can enable more sophisticated visual compositions.\r\n\r\n<strong>Camera Phones &amp; Point-and-Shoot Cameras.<\/strong>\u00a0Camera phones and point-and-shoot cameras are generally compact cameras with 12 or more megapixels, built-in zoom lenses, autofocus features, and priced from $200\u2013 $500 (although they can easily cost more). A modern camera phone or point-and-shoot camera, puts prosumer level photography capabilities in the hands of the average consumer. However, it won\u2019t have interchangeable lenses or attachable filters (though it may have impressive digital filters).\r\n\r\n<strong>35-mm DSLR. <\/strong>Digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras are adapted from\u00a0cameras designed to shoot 35-mm slides and negatives. These\u00a0cameras have interchangeable\u00a0lenses that provide a variety of\u00a0focal lengths and applications,\u00a0including zoom, wide-angle,\u00a0macro, portrait, telephoto, and\u00a0low-light shooting. These cameras generally record 12 or more megapixels and cost from $500 to several thousand dollars. SLRs use a single lens that both records the image and previews the shot through the viewfinder, using a mirror to deflect light from the sensor plane to the viewfinder.\r\n<h2>Choosing a Camera<\/h2>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pagemaster.ca\/photo-resolution-sizes-for-printing\/\">According to Pagemaster Publishing<\/a>, \"ALL cameras made today have more than enough <em>megapixels<\/em>\u00a0for common printing [and by default digital production] situations (and yes, that includes large canvas prints). You\u2019ll have a hard time today buying a new camera with too few megapixels for a decent size print. Really. 10\u00a0<em>megapixels<\/em>\u00a0is a common rating, with 18\u00a0<em>megapixels\u00a0<\/em>and up becoming standard. Those are plenty big images folks.\"\r\n\r\nWhen selecting a camera, Pagemaster recommends focusing on factors that affect visual quality, like the quality of lens, low-light performance, colour quality, image stabilization and handling. Bottom line: choose a camera that is comfortable and will meet your production needs. If you need to take pictures that look good on the fly, but that don't require more sophisticated composition techniques, then choose a camera phone or point-and-shoot. If you want control over every aspect of composition, and want to employ more sophisticated lenses etc. choose a DSLR. At the end of the day, you want a camera with good reviews that you can handle comfortably in the field.\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\r\n<h2>Lenses<\/h2>\r\nHigh-quality camera phones and point-an-shoot cameras have built-in and largely automatic lens features. However, if you have a 35-mm or DSLR camera, you\u2019ll need a variety of lenses for the widest variety of photos.\r\n\r\nLenses are classified by their focal length, which is the distance from the lens center to the camera\u2019s imaging sensor. The longer the focal length, the more telescopic the lens; the shorter, the wider its\u00a0angle of view.\r\n\r\nLenses are loosely categorized as:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Normal\u2014lenses in the range of 40\u201370 mm (for a 35-mm equivalent camera), used for photographing groups of people, products, and scenery<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Telephoto\u2014lenses of 70\u20131,000 mm, used for bringing distant objects closer and (in the low range) for portraits. Telephoto lenses flatten perspective (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-5<\/strong><\/span>, right), making subjects appear to have less depth.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Wide-angle\u2014lenses of 15\u201340 mm, used for capturing a wider view of the scenery, architecture, and rooms. Wide-angle lenses extend perspective, making objects appear further apart in depth (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-5<\/strong><\/span>, left). The widest-angle lens is the fish-eye.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Zoom lenses\u2014lenses that can change focal length over an extended range, e.g., 40\u201370 mm, 70\u2013200 mm. These provide more flexibility than fixed focal-length lenses but are longer, weigh more, and usually have a smaller aperture compared to comparable fixed focal-length lenses.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Macro lenses\u2014lenses usually in the range of 50\u2013100 mm that can focus very close to subjects. The distance of closest focus can be quoted in millimeters or as the reproduction ratio, the size of the image relative to the original subject. A 1:1 macro lens can focus close enough to capture small subjects at the same size on the image sensor.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_529\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<img class=\"wp-image-520 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4fg_WideAngle_Tele.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" \/> <strong>Figure 2-5.<\/strong> Comparison of wide-angle and telephoto lens shots encompassing the same area. Note that the telephoto lens produces an effect of compressing the depth.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Filters<\/h2>\r\nCamera phones and point-and-shoot cameras often have sophisticated digital filters built into them. For 35mm and DSLR cameras, filters can attach to the front of the lens and provide different image-enhancement effects. Filter size is quoted in diameter (mm) and usually indicated on a lens with the symbol \u201c\u00f8.\u201d\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>UV\/Haze filter\u2014blocks ultraviolet radiation and helps to produce sharper images of scenery during hazy weather. Since the filter does not introduce any colored effects in photographs, it is often used to protect the front of the lens from scratches, fingerprints, dust, and damage (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-7<\/strong><\/span>).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Polarizing filter\u2014blocks glare (white light) reflected from nonmetallic surfaces and enhances color saturation on subjects. Often used for photographing scenery and product photography (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-7<\/strong><\/span>).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Light-balancing filters\u2014help neutralize various lighting conditions such as incandescent room lights, fluorescent office lights, and outdoor shadows. These filters have been largely supplanted by the automatic white-balance feature of digital cameras, which neutralizes the image to the light source.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Special-effects filters\u2014filters like cross-stars produce starburst and other effects.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Colored filters\u2014filters such as red, green, and blue can be used to enhance certain image colors in black-and-white photos (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-8<\/strong><\/span>). For example, Ansel\u00a0Adams often used a red filter to make the sky look darker in many of his famous Yosemite photos.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_529\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"512\"]<img class=\"wp-image-521\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4a_UVHazeFilter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"384\" \/> <strong>Figure 2-6.<\/strong> UV-haze filter protects the camera\u2019s lens and reduces some of the blurring and low contrast caused by hazy weather.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_529\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<img class=\"wp-image-522 size-full\" style=\"font-size: 14pt\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4bc_Polarizing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" \/> <strong>Figure 2-7.<\/strong> Comparison of shots taken with a UV haze filter (left) and polarizing filter (right). The polarizing filter eliminates reflected glare from surfaces, increasing color saturation.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_529\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<img class=\"wp-image-523 size-full\" style=\"font-size: 14pt\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4de_RedFilter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"340\" \/> <strong>Figure 2-8.<\/strong> Comparison of grayscale photos taken with a polarizing filter (left) and red filter (right). The red filter darkens greens and blues in the scene, increasing contrast.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Lighting<\/h2>\r\nFor studio photography, you will need some type of lighting, in addition to the available daylight or office lighting. Studio lighting increases the available light intensity for your photographs, enabling you to use smaller apertures and faster shutter speeds. These, in turn, provide greater <a href=\"https:\/\/www.exposureguide.com\/focusing-basics\/\">depth of field<\/a> and sharper photos by minimizing the effects of camera motion. Studio lighting also provides a controlled \u201ccolor\u201d (color temperature) of white light, keeping your photos in consistent color balance.\r\n\r\nStudio lights can be classified as to lighting duration and temperature. Continuous lights, such as incandescent or mini-fluorescent lamps, provide a constant light source. Strobe lights provide a bright flash in a fraction of a second. By shining all the time, continuous lights enable you to visualize your scene better and focus the camera, but may not be as intense as strobes. Strobe lights, on the other hand, make it difficult to see the scene as it will be illuminated, but provide brighter light. They also reduce motion of the subjects by providing a short burst of light.\r\n\r\nAmong continuous lights, quartz-halogen, incandescent and mini fluorescent lights are classified as \u201chot\u201d and \u201ccool\u201d lights, respectively. Hot lights are more difficult to handle due to the heat generated but are cheaper to buy and provide more intense lighting. Cool lights remain cool to the touch so are safer to work with than hot lamps, but do not produce as intense a light.\r\n<h2>Reflectors and Diffusers<\/h2>\r\nStudio lights act as point light sources, which can produce harsh illumination and sharp shadows. To diffuse their light you can use a reflector or a diffuser. Reflectors, such as aluminized umbrellas (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-9, left<\/strong><\/span>), diffuse light by bouncing it off of an uneven, metallized, semi-spherical surface that scatters the light. Diffusers, such as soft-boxes (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-9, right<\/strong><\/span>), transmit light through a translucent cloth that scatters it. Reflectors can also be <a href=\"https:\/\/digital-photography-school.com\/6-ways-of-using-reflector-to-take-better-portraits\/\">handy in the field,<\/a>\u00a0to light a subject, or to help with fill.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_529\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1280\"]<img class=\"wp-image-524 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"768\" \/> <strong>Figure 2-9.<\/strong> Studio lights with umbrella reflectors (left) or soft box diffusers (right) help illuminate still-life, product, and portrait shots with soft, even lighting.[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Stands<\/h2>\r\n<strong>Tripod. <\/strong>To mount your camera and avoid image shake, you will need a tripod. Tripods come in two types: quick-release and screw-on. Quick-release tripods (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-10<\/strong><\/span>) have a removable base plate that you can attach to the camera, then snap into the tripod. Conventional tripods have an attached screw mount that you screw into the base of the camera.\r\n\r\n<strong>Light stands. <\/strong>Light stands are used for mounting hot and cool continuous lamps and strobe. They are not as sturdy as a tripod but do enable the lamps to be positioned at anywhere from ground height to several feet above the floor.\r\n\r\n<strong>Copy stands. <\/strong>A copy stand (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-11<\/strong><\/span>) is useful for photographing flat work. A copy stand has mounts to hold lights at a 45\u00b0 angle from the artwork to evenly illuminate it and avoid glare. A copy stand can also be used to hold the camera for closeup macro work.\r\n\r\nPhotography equipment, tripods in particular, can be purchased cheaply through online marketplaces like Craigslist and Facebook.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_529\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<img class=\"wp-image-525 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5ab_QuickRelease.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"384\" \/> <strong>Figure 2-10.<\/strong> Camera attachments. A quick-release tripod mount has a detachable bracket that is screwed into the camera\u2019s tripod mount and then clamped to the tripod.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_529\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"512\"]<img class=\"wp-image-526\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5c_MacroStand.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"683\" \/> <strong>Figure 2-11.<\/strong> A copy stand is useful for photographing flat subjects.\u00a0[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>","rendered":"<p>This chapter discusses what you\u2019ll need to get started in digital photography. In addition to a digital camera, you may need additional lenses, filters, studio lighting, lighting diffusers and reflectors, light stands and quality control devices to help make your photos accurate and consistent (but with the technology built into today&#8217;s cameras, including our phones, you can get pretty far without needing extra equipment).<\/p>\n<h2>Camera<\/h2>\n<p>A digital camera is the first thing you\u2019ll need for digital photography. Traditionally, digital cameras have been commonly discussed as belonging to one of three categories: consumer, prosumer, and professional, however increasingly powerful camera phones have blurred the lines between these categories. For many PR professionals, a high-quality camera phone can meet many needs with the right technique, however a DSLR can enable more sophisticated visual compositions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Camera Phones &amp; Point-and-Shoot Cameras.<\/strong>\u00a0Camera phones and point-and-shoot cameras are generally compact cameras with 12 or more megapixels, built-in zoom lenses, autofocus features, and priced from $200\u2013 $500 (although they can easily cost more). A modern camera phone or point-and-shoot camera, puts prosumer level photography capabilities in the hands of the average consumer. However, it won\u2019t have interchangeable lenses or attachable filters (though it may have impressive digital filters).<\/p>\n<p><strong>35-mm DSLR. <\/strong>Digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras are adapted from\u00a0cameras designed to shoot 35-mm slides and negatives. These\u00a0cameras have interchangeable\u00a0lenses that provide a variety of\u00a0focal lengths and applications,\u00a0including zoom, wide-angle,\u00a0macro, portrait, telephoto, and\u00a0low-light shooting. These cameras generally record 12 or more megapixels and cost from $500 to several thousand dollars. SLRs use a single lens that both records the image and previews the shot through the viewfinder, using a mirror to deflect light from the sensor plane to the viewfinder.<\/p>\n<h2>Choosing a Camera<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pagemaster.ca\/photo-resolution-sizes-for-printing\/\">According to Pagemaster Publishing<\/a>, &#8220;ALL cameras made today have more than enough <em>megapixels<\/em>\u00a0for common printing [and by default digital production] situations (and yes, that includes large canvas prints). You\u2019ll have a hard time today buying a new camera with too few megapixels for a decent size print. Really. 10\u00a0<em>megapixels<\/em>\u00a0is a common rating, with 18\u00a0<em>megapixels\u00a0<\/em>and up becoming standard. Those are plenty big images folks.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>When selecting a camera, Pagemaster recommends focusing on factors that affect visual quality, like the quality of lens, low-light performance, colour quality, image stabilization and handling. Bottom line: choose a camera that is comfortable and will meet your production needs. If you need to take pictures that look good on the fly, but that don&#8217;t require more sophisticated composition techniques, then choose a camera phone or point-and-shoot. If you want control over every aspect of composition, and want to employ more sophisticated lenses etc. choose a DSLR. At the end of the day, you want a camera with good reviews that you can handle comfortably in the field.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<h2>Lenses<\/h2>\n<p>High-quality camera phones and point-an-shoot cameras have built-in and largely automatic lens features. However, if you have a 35-mm or DSLR camera, you\u2019ll need a variety of lenses for the widest variety of photos.<\/p>\n<p>Lenses are classified by their focal length, which is the distance from the lens center to the camera\u2019s imaging sensor. The longer the focal length, the more telescopic the lens; the shorter, the wider its\u00a0angle of view.<\/p>\n<p>Lenses are loosely categorized as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Normal\u2014lenses in the range of 40\u201370 mm (for a 35-mm equivalent camera), used for photographing groups of people, products, and scenery<\/li>\n<li>Telephoto\u2014lenses of 70\u20131,000 mm, used for bringing distant objects closer and (in the low range) for portraits. Telephoto lenses flatten perspective (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-5<\/strong><\/span>, right), making subjects appear to have less depth.<\/li>\n<li>Wide-angle\u2014lenses of 15\u201340 mm, used for capturing a wider view of the scenery, architecture, and rooms. Wide-angle lenses extend perspective, making objects appear further apart in depth (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-5<\/strong><\/span>, left). The widest-angle lens is the fish-eye.<\/li>\n<li>Zoom lenses\u2014lenses that can change focal length over an extended range, e.g., 40\u201370 mm, 70\u2013200 mm. These provide more flexibility than fixed focal-length lenses but are longer, weigh more, and usually have a smaller aperture compared to comparable fixed focal-length lenses.<\/li>\n<li>Macro lenses\u2014lenses usually in the range of 50\u2013100 mm that can focus very close to subjects. The distance of closest focus can be quoted in millimeters or as the reproduction ratio, the size of the image relative to the original subject. A 1:1 macro lens can focus close enough to capture small subjects at the same size on the image sensor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_529\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-529\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-520 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4fg_WideAngle_Tele.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4fg_WideAngle_Tele.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4fg_WideAngle_Tele-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4fg_WideAngle_Tele-768x578.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4fg_WideAngle_Tele-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4fg_WideAngle_Tele-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4fg_WideAngle_Tele-350x263.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2-5.<\/strong> Comparison of wide-angle and telephoto lens shots encompassing the same area. Note that the telephoto lens produces an effect of compressing the depth.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Filters<\/h2>\n<p>Camera phones and point-and-shoot cameras often have sophisticated digital filters built into them. For 35mm and DSLR cameras, filters can attach to the front of the lens and provide different image-enhancement effects. Filter size is quoted in diameter (mm) and usually indicated on a lens with the symbol \u201c\u00f8.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UV\/Haze filter\u2014blocks ultraviolet radiation and helps to produce sharper images of scenery during hazy weather. Since the filter does not introduce any colored effects in photographs, it is often used to protect the front of the lens from scratches, fingerprints, dust, and damage (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-7<\/strong><\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>Polarizing filter\u2014blocks glare (white light) reflected from nonmetallic surfaces and enhances color saturation on subjects. Often used for photographing scenery and product photography (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-7<\/strong><\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>Light-balancing filters\u2014help neutralize various lighting conditions such as incandescent room lights, fluorescent office lights, and outdoor shadows. These filters have been largely supplanted by the automatic white-balance feature of digital cameras, which neutralizes the image to the light source.<\/li>\n<li>Special-effects filters\u2014filters like cross-stars produce starburst and other effects.<\/li>\n<li>Colored filters\u2014filters such as red, green, and blue can be used to enhance certain image colors in black-and-white photos (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-8<\/strong><\/span>). For example, Ansel\u00a0Adams often used a red filter to make the sky look darker in many of his famous Yosemite photos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_529\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-529\" style=\"width: 512px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-521\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4a_UVHazeFilter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4a_UVHazeFilter.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4a_UVHazeFilter-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4a_UVHazeFilter-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4a_UVHazeFilter-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4a_UVHazeFilter-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4a_UVHazeFilter-350x263.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2-6.<\/strong> UV-haze filter protects the camera\u2019s lens and reduces some of the blurring and low contrast caused by hazy weather.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_529\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-529\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-522 size-full\" style=\"font-size: 14pt\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4bc_Polarizing.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4bc_Polarizing.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4bc_Polarizing-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4bc_Polarizing-768x578.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4bc_Polarizing-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4bc_Polarizing-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4bc_Polarizing-350x263.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2-7.<\/strong> Comparison of shots taken with a UV haze filter (left) and polarizing filter (right). The polarizing filter eliminates reflected glare from surfaces, increasing color saturation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_529\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-529\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-523 size-full\" style=\"font-size: 14pt\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4de_RedFilter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4de_RedFilter.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4de_RedFilter-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4de_RedFilter-768x255.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4de_RedFilter-65x22.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4de_RedFilter-225x75.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-4de_RedFilter-350x116.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2-8.<\/strong> Comparison of grayscale photos taken with a polarizing filter (left) and red filter (right). The red filter darkens greens and blues in the scene, increasing contrast.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Lighting<\/h2>\n<p>For studio photography, you will need some type of lighting, in addition to the available daylight or office lighting. Studio lighting increases the available light intensity for your photographs, enabling you to use smaller apertures and faster shutter speeds. These, in turn, provide greater <a href=\"https:\/\/www.exposureguide.com\/focusing-basics\/\">depth of field<\/a> and sharper photos by minimizing the effects of camera motion. Studio lighting also provides a controlled \u201ccolor\u201d (color temperature) of white light, keeping your photos in consistent color balance.<\/p>\n<p>Studio lights can be classified as to lighting duration and temperature. Continuous lights, such as incandescent or mini-fluorescent lamps, provide a constant light source. Strobe lights provide a bright flash in a fraction of a second. By shining all the time, continuous lights enable you to visualize your scene better and focus the camera, but may not be as intense as strobes. Strobe lights, on the other hand, make it difficult to see the scene as it will be illuminated, but provide brighter light. They also reduce motion of the subjects by providing a short burst of light.<\/p>\n<p>Among continuous lights, quartz-halogen, incandescent and mini fluorescent lights are classified as \u201chot\u201d and \u201ccool\u201d lights, respectively. Hot lights are more difficult to handle due to the heat generated but are cheaper to buy and provide more intense lighting. Cool lights remain cool to the touch so are safer to work with than hot lamps, but do not produce as intense a light.<\/p>\n<h2>Reflectors and Diffusers<\/h2>\n<p>Studio lights act as point light sources, which can produce harsh illumination and sharp shadows. To diffuse their light you can use a reflector or a diffuser. Reflectors, such as aluminized umbrellas (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-9, left<\/strong><\/span>), diffuse light by bouncing it off of an uneven, metallized, semi-spherical surface that scatters the light. Diffusers, such as soft-boxes (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-9, right<\/strong><\/span>), transmit light through a translucent cloth that scatters it. Reflectors can also be <a href=\"https:\/\/digital-photography-school.com\/6-ways-of-using-reflector-to-take-better-portraits\/\">handy in the field,<\/a>\u00a0to light a subject, or to help with fill.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_529\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-529\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-524 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers-65x39.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers-225x135.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5_Reflectors_Diffusers-350x210.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2-9.<\/strong> Studio lights with umbrella reflectors (left) or soft box diffusers (right) help illuminate still-life, product, and portrait shots with soft, even lighting.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Stands<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Tripod. <\/strong>To mount your camera and avoid image shake, you will need a tripod. Tripods come in two types: quick-release and screw-on. Quick-release tripods (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-10<\/strong><\/span>) have a removable base plate that you can attach to the camera, then snap into the tripod. Conventional tripods have an attached screw mount that you screw into the base of the camera.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Light stands. <\/strong>Light stands are used for mounting hot and cool continuous lamps and strobe. They are not as sturdy as a tripod but do enable the lamps to be positioned at anywhere from ground height to several feet above the floor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Copy stands. <\/strong>A copy stand (<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Figure 2-11<\/strong><\/span>) is useful for photographing flat work. A copy stand has mounts to hold lights at a 45\u00b0 angle from the artwork to evenly illuminate it and avoid glare. A copy stand can also be used to hold the camera for closeup macro work.<\/p>\n<p>Photography equipment, tripods in particular, can be purchased cheaply through online marketplaces like Craigslist and Facebook.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_529\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-529\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-525 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5ab_QuickRelease.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5ab_QuickRelease.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5ab_QuickRelease-300x113.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5ab_QuickRelease-768x288.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5ab_QuickRelease-65x24.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5ab_QuickRelease-225x84.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5ab_QuickRelease-350x131.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2-10.<\/strong> Camera attachments. A quick-release tripod mount has a detachable bracket that is screwed into the camera\u2019s tripod mount and then clamped to the tripod.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_529\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-529\" style=\"width: 512px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-526\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5c_MacroStand.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5c_MacroStand.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5c_MacroStand-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5c_MacroStand-65x87.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1096\/2020\/08\/2-5c_MacroStand-350x467.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 2-11.<\/strong> A copy stand is useful for photographing flat subjects.\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":515,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["richard-adams-and-reem-el-asaleh","martin-habekost","jason-lisi","art-seto"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[47],"contributor":[63,62,61,60],"license":[52],"class_list":["post-530","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-standard","contributor-art-seto","contributor-jason-lisi","contributor-martin-habekost","contributor-richard-adams-and-reem-el-asaleh","license-cc-by"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/530","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/515"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/530\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1507,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/530\/revisions\/1507"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/530\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=530"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=530"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/designandproductionforpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}