{"id":333,"date":"2024-12-12T03:32:33","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T08:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/diversescientists\/?post_type=chapter&p=333"},"modified":"2024-12-12T03:38:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T08:38:07","slug":"ernest-everett-just","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/diversescientists\/chapter\/ernest-everett-just\/","title":{"raw":"Ernest Everett Just","rendered":"Ernest Everett Just"},"content":{"raw":"\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n

Ernest Everett Just<\/em><\/h2>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\"\"<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\r\n

Time period:<\/h3>\r\nAugust 14, 1883 \u2013 October 27, 1941\r\n

Subject:<\/h3>\r\nBiology and Physiology<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Biography:<\/h3>\r\nErnest Everett Just was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1883.\u00a0 He contracted typhoid fever at the age of 4 impairing his cognitive abilities, resulting in him having to relearn how to read and write.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nHe attended the college-preparatory high school Kimball Union Academy, completing the four-year program in just three years in 1903 graduating with the highest grades in his class.\u00a0 Just went onto Dartmouth University and graduated as the only magna cum laude of his class in 1907.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nJust became a teacher at Howard University, beginning in the English department then soon becoming a biology instructor.\u00a0 While there, he earned a PhD in 1916 from the University of Chicago, becoming the first African American to do so.\u00a0 He eventually became the head of the new Department of Zoology at Howard, holding that position until his death in 1941 due to pancreatic cancer.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nFinding it difficult to obtain research funding and work at a traditionally white university, he moved to Europe in 1939.\u00a0 At the onset of World War II, he was briefly imprisoned by German Nazis, but returned to the United States in 1940.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Summary of their contributions:<\/h3>\r\nJust was the first Black man to work at the Marine Biological Laboratory while obtaining his PhD through the University of Chicago.\u00a0 His work on the fertilization of marine invertebrates earned him the inaugural NAACP Spingarn Medal in 1915, an award honouring outstanding achievements by an African American.\u00a0 He discovered the \u201cwave of negativity\u201d occurrence in sea urchin eggs during fertilization, which explains the prevention of too many sperm from entering the egg.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nJust was a pioneer in cellular development and fertilization and advocated the study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than simply breaking them apart in a laboratory.\u00a0 He made significant contributions to his field, co-authoring the textbook\u00a0General Cytology<\/em>\u00a0with other pioneers in cell biology, first published in June 1924.\u00a0 Just also authored his own books, Basic Methods for Experiments on Eggs of Marine Animals (1939) and The Biology of the Cell Surface (1939).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Integration with the BC Secondary Science Curriculum:<\/h3>\r\nScience 9: cell division\r\n\r\nLife Sciences 11: sexual reproduction<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

References:<\/h3>\r\nhttps:\/\/www.biography.com\/scientists\/ernest-everett-just\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.brainfacts.org\/in-the-lab\/meet-the-researcher\/2024\/black-history-is-ernest-everett-just-022924\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/www.discovermagazine.com\/the-sciences\/8-amazing-black-scientists-and-how-they-changed-history\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernest_Everett_Just\r\n\r\n <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Ernest Everett Just<\/em><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n

\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Time period:<\/h3>\n

August 14, 1883 \u2013 October 27, 1941<\/p>\n

Subject:<\/h3>\n

Biology and Physiology<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Biography:<\/h3>\n

Ernest Everett Just was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1883.\u00a0 He contracted typhoid fever at the age of 4 impairing his cognitive abilities, resulting in him having to relearn how to read and write.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

He attended the college-preparatory high school Kimball Union Academy, completing the four-year program in just three years in 1903 graduating with the highest grades in his class.\u00a0 Just went onto Dartmouth University and graduated as the only magna cum laude of his class in 1907.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Just became a teacher at Howard University, beginning in the English department then soon becoming a biology instructor.\u00a0 While there, he earned a PhD in 1916 from the University of Chicago, becoming the first African American to do so.\u00a0 He eventually became the head of the new Department of Zoology at Howard, holding that position until his death in 1941 due to pancreatic cancer.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Finding it difficult to obtain research funding and work at a traditionally white university, he moved to Europe in 1939.\u00a0 At the onset of World War II, he was briefly imprisoned by German Nazis, but returned to the United States in 1940.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Summary of their contributions:<\/h3>\n

Just was the first Black man to work at the Marine Biological Laboratory while obtaining his PhD through the University of Chicago.\u00a0 His work on the fertilization of marine invertebrates earned him the inaugural NAACP Spingarn Medal in 1915, an award honouring outstanding achievements by an African American.\u00a0 He discovered the \u201cwave of negativity\u201d occurrence in sea urchin eggs during fertilization, which explains the prevention of too many sperm from entering the egg.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Just was a pioneer in cellular development and fertilization and advocated the study of whole cells under normal conditions, rather than simply breaking them apart in a laboratory.\u00a0 He made significant contributions to his field, co-authoring the textbook\u00a0General Cytology<\/em>\u00a0with other pioneers in cell biology, first published in June 1924.\u00a0 Just also authored his own books, Basic Methods for Experiments on Eggs of Marine Animals (1939) and The Biology of the Cell Surface (1939).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Integration with the BC Secondary Science Curriculum:<\/h3>\n

Science 9: cell division<\/p>\n

Life Sciences 11: sexual reproduction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

References:<\/h3>\n

https:\/\/www.biography.com\/scientists\/ernest-everett-just<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.brainfacts.org\/in-the-lab\/meet-the-researcher\/2024\/black-history-is-ernest-everett-just-022924<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.discovermagazine.com\/the-sciences\/8-amazing-black-scientists-and-how-they-changed-history<\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernest_Everett_Just<\/p>\n

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