Mary Golda Ross

Time period:

August 9, 1908 – April 29, 2008

Subject:

Mathematics

Physics: Engineering and Aerospace Engineering

Biography:

Mary Golda Ross, a descendant of Cherokee Chief John Ross, was born on August 9, 1908. In 1941, she relocated to California just before the United States entered World War II. At that time, it was challenging for women to secure jobs in mathematics. However, in 1942, Lockheed hired her as a mathematician, where she worked on improving the aerodynamics of the P-38 Lightning, a fighter aircraft. Her exceptional skills led Lockheed to invest in her education, sending her to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to earn a certification in aeronautical engineering. By 1949, Ross became a licensed professional engineer, marking her as one of the first Native American women to achieve this milestone. In 1952, Ross became one of the original and only female member of Lockheed’s Advanced Development Projects unit also known as Skunk Works.

Summary of their contributions:

During the Cold War, the United States prioritized missile development, leading Lockheed to establish its Missiles and Space Company. Mary Golda Ross played a pivotal role in major projects, including the Polaris missile, designed for submarine launches, and the Agena launch vehicle, used for military, intelligence, and space exploration missions. She also contributed significantly to early space exploration through her work on NASA’s

(1963), which guided spacecraft routes to planets like Mars and Venus. While her efforts were crucial, much of her work remains classified. Ross retired in 1973, leaving a legacy in aerospace engineering. Ross was deeply committed to mentoring and promoting diversity in STEM. She co-founded the Los Angeles chapter of the Society of Women Engineers (SWE), where she supported aspiring engineers through scholarships and professional guidance. Additionally, she actively engaged with the American Indian Science and Engineering Society, advocating for Native students in science and engineering disciplines. Her contributions earned her widespread respect, particularly among Native engineering students, who viewed her as an inspiring figure.

Integration with the BC Secondary Science Curriculum:

Mathematics 11 or 12:

• Ross’s mathematical expertise can align with topics like trigonometry, geometry, and applied problem-solving. For example, her calculations for flight paths can serve as case studies for real-world applications of math.

Physics 11 or 12:

• Topics such as Forces and Motion, including aerodynamics and rocket propulsion align with the curriculum. Ross’s work on the Polaris missile and the Agena launch vehicle illustrates advanced physics concepts, enabling students to study how satellites and space vehicles operate through principles of motion and energy.

Career Education:

• Highlight Ross’s advocacy for women and Indigenous people in engineering, emphasizing diversity and inclusion in STEM careers.

References:

Lake T., (n.d). Mary Golda Ross: Native American Engineer.  In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved December 3, 2024,   from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Golda-Ross.

Margolis E.A. & Montiel A. (Feb 11, 2022). Mary Golda Ross: Aerospace Engineer, Educator, and Advocate. In National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved Dec 3, 2024, from https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/mary-g-ross- aerospace-engineer.