{"id":203,"date":"2020-04-01T17:21:46","date_gmt":"2020-04-01T21:21:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=203"},"modified":"2020-05-09T19:45:54","modified_gmt":"2020-05-09T23:45:54","slug":"chapter-11","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/chapter\/chapter-11\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 14","rendered":"Chapter 14"},"content":{"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Topic 13 \u2013 Weathering<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\nTectonics and volcanic activity have the potential to uplift or form rock at the surface of the lithospheric crust. Processes like these, that occur largely within the crust to <em>build<\/em> landscapes, are referred to as <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"334\"]endogenous forces[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>. At the surface of the Earth, a set of other processes is at work, balancing the uplift and formation of new rock to create equilibrium in the landscape. These external processes are called <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"335\"]exogenous forces[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>. Together these two sets of forces produce the landscapes and landforms that define the Earth\u2019s surface, and they are studied in the science of <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"336\"]geomorphology[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nThe rock cycle depends not only on the formation of new rock, but also the breakdown of existing rock. The part of the rock cycle focused on disintegrating rock and transporting it away from its source is called <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"337\"]denudation[\/pb_glossary]. <\/strong>The first stage in denudation occurs when rock is exposed at or near the surface of the lithospheric crust, it begins to break down through several types of processes collectively termed <strong><em>[pb_glossary id=\"338\"]weathering[\/pb_glossary]<\/em><\/strong>.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_207\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"294\"]<img class=\"wp-image-207\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Limestone.jpg\" alt=\"A hillside in Greece showing the breakdown of limestone by chemical and mechanical weathering\" width=\"294\" height=\"218\" \/> The breakdown of limestone in Rhodes, Greece.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nTaking advantage of pre-existing weakness in rock structure, weathering may affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the rock, with the overall effect of reducing rock strength, leading to its breakdown. This breakdown is significant not only for the rock cycle, but also for many other biogeochemical cycles as it presents an opportunity for the transfer of minerals normally found in rocks to the hydrologic cycle and from there into many other systems. For example, as precipitation falls over a rock surface it can dissolve the minerals within the rock and the runoff may carry them away to a new environment where to be used by the systems there. Furthermore, the continued development of healthy soils is heavily dependent on the provision of rock fragments and minerals generated through weathering processes. For further explanation on the types of weathering, see: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/ks3\/gsl\/education\/resources\/rockcycle\/page3461.html\">https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/ks3\/gsl\/education\/resources\/rockcycle\/page3461.html<\/a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">There are two main categories of weathering:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Physical (also called \u2018mechanical\u2019) weathering\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Rock breakdown occurs without chemical alteration to rock material<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Chemical weathering\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Rock structure is decomposed through chemical reactions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPrimary types of physical weathering include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Frost wedging<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Salt weathering<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Exfoliation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Root expansion<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAll of these weathering processes are based on the expansion or contraction of materials over time, usually due to climatic influence.\r\n\r\nPrimary types of chemical weathering include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Dissolution\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Minerals in rock material are dissolved in running water and carried away.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Example: <img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-208\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Dissolution-EQ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"239\" height=\"19\" \/><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Hydrolysis\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Hydrogen ions in water replace other elements in the minerals, weakening it.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Example: <img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-209\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Hydrolysis-EQ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"396\" height=\"17\" \/><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Oxidation\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>o Oxygen ions in water replace other elements in the minerals, weakening it.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>o Example: <img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-210\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Oxidation-EQ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"28\" \/><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_211\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img class=\"wp-image-211 \" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Ayers-1024x640.jpg\" alt=\"A picture showing Ayers Rock in Australia with a background of dark grey clouds and a forefront of grass\" width=\"500\" height=\"380\" \/> Ayers Rock in Australia is an example of oxidation of iron-bearing minerals[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIn the case of chemical weathering, the new minerals formed by replacing the original materials with oxygen and hydrogen ions are generally weaker than the original minerals, leading to more rapid breakdown.\r\n\r\nNot all rock weathers at the same rate, even in the local environment. A few key variables influence the rate at which a rock surface will weather.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Material hardness \u2013 Some mineral types are harder than others may more easily resist weathering.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Climate \u2013 The precipitation amounts and temperature range a rock is exposed to will influence its weathering rate.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Water \u2013 The presence of water significantly increases the rate of weathering for all rock surfaces<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Surface area \u2013 A rock that has a greater number of joints or surface area exposed to weathering will weather faster.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Slope aspect \u2013 The direction a slope is facing controls the amount of sunlight and daily temperature variation for the surface and can affect weathering.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Vegetation \u2013 Vegetation cover can protect a rock surface, but root growth can also increase its weathering rate.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Porosity\/Permeability \u2013 The ability of water to efficiently move through a material or be stored in a material affects its weathering rate.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nWeathering is consistently happening on surfaces all around us. Keep an eye out for weathering on the human-made infrastructure around you, and in the natural landscapes you see. It is a significant part of biogeochemical cycling and therefore represents a foundational component of healthy critical zone function. Another resource for a deeper look into chemical weathering is found here: <a href=\"https:\/\/teach.albion.edu\/jjn10\/chemical-weathering\/\">https:\/\/teach.albion.edu\/jjn10\/chemical-weathering\/<\/a>","rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Topic 13 \u2013 Weathering<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tectonics and volcanic activity have the potential to uplift or form rock at the surface of the lithospheric crust. Processes like these, that occur largely within the crust to <em>build<\/em> landscapes, are referred to as <strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_203_334\">endogenous forces<\/a><\/strong>. At the surface of the Earth, a set of other processes is at work, balancing the uplift and formation of new rock to create equilibrium in the landscape. These external processes are called <strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_203_335\">exogenous forces<\/a><\/strong>. Together these two sets of forces produce the landscapes and landforms that define the Earth\u2019s surface, and they are studied in the science of <strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_203_336\">geomorphology<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The rock cycle depends not only on the formation of new rock, but also the breakdown of existing rock. The part of the rock cycle focused on disintegrating rock and transporting it away from its source is called <strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_203_337\">denudation<\/a>. <\/strong>The first stage in denudation occurs when rock is exposed at or near the surface of the lithospheric crust, it begins to break down through several types of processes collectively termed <strong><em><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_203_338\">weathering<\/a><\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_207\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-207\" style=\"width: 294px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-207\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Limestone.jpg\" alt=\"A hillside in Greece showing the breakdown of limestone by chemical and mechanical weathering\" width=\"294\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Limestone.jpg 536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Limestone-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Limestone-65x48.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Limestone-225x167.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Limestone-350x259.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-207\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The breakdown of limestone in Rhodes, Greece.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Taking advantage of pre-existing weakness in rock structure, weathering may affect the physical and chemical characteristics of the rock, with the overall effect of reducing rock strength, leading to its breakdown. This breakdown is significant not only for the rock cycle, but also for many other biogeochemical cycles as it presents an opportunity for the transfer of minerals normally found in rocks to the hydrologic cycle and from there into many other systems. For example, as precipitation falls over a rock surface it can dissolve the minerals within the rock and the runoff may carry them away to a new environment where to be used by the systems there. Furthermore, the continued development of healthy soils is heavily dependent on the provision of rock fragments and minerals generated through weathering processes. For further explanation on the types of weathering, see: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/ks3\/gsl\/education\/resources\/rockcycle\/page3461.html\">https:\/\/www.geolsoc.org.uk\/ks3\/gsl\/education\/resources\/rockcycle\/page3461.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">There are two main categories of weathering:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Physical (also called \u2018mechanical\u2019) weathering\n<ul>\n<li>Rock breakdown occurs without chemical alteration to rock material<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chemical weathering\n<ul>\n<li>Rock structure is decomposed through chemical reactions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Primary types of physical weathering include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Frost wedging<\/li>\n<li>Salt weathering<\/li>\n<li>Exfoliation<\/li>\n<li>Root expansion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All of these weathering processes are based on the expansion or contraction of materials over time, usually due to climatic influence.<\/p>\n<p>Primary types of chemical weathering include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dissolution\n<ul>\n<li>Minerals in rock material are dissolved in running water and carried away.<\/li>\n<li>Example: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-208\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Dissolution-EQ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"239\" height=\"19\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Dissolution-EQ.jpg 239w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Dissolution-EQ-65x5.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Dissolution-EQ-225x18.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Hydrolysis\n<ul>\n<li>Hydrogen ions in water replace other elements in the minerals, weakening it.<\/li>\n<li>Example: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-209\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Hydrolysis-EQ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"396\" height=\"17\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Hydrolysis-EQ.jpg 396w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Hydrolysis-EQ-300x13.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Hydrolysis-EQ-65x3.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Hydrolysis-EQ-225x10.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Hydrolysis-EQ-350x15.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Oxidation\n<ul>\n<li>o Oxygen ions in water replace other elements in the minerals, weakening it.<\/li>\n<li>o Example: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-210\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Oxidation-EQ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"28\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Oxidation-EQ.jpg 226w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Oxidation-EQ-65x8.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_211\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-211\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-211\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/886\/2020\/04\/Ayers-1024x640.jpg\" alt=\"A picture showing Ayers Rock in Australia with a background of dark grey clouds and a forefront of grass\" width=\"500\" height=\"380\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-211\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ayers Rock in Australia is an example of oxidation of iron-bearing minerals<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the case of chemical weathering, the new minerals formed by replacing the original materials with oxygen and hydrogen ions are generally weaker than the original minerals, leading to more rapid breakdown.<\/p>\n<p>Not all rock weathers at the same rate, even in the local environment. A few key variables influence the rate at which a rock surface will weather.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Material hardness \u2013 Some mineral types are harder than others may more easily resist weathering.<\/li>\n<li>Climate \u2013 The precipitation amounts and temperature range a rock is exposed to will influence its weathering rate.<\/li>\n<li>Water \u2013 The presence of water significantly increases the rate of weathering for all rock surfaces<\/li>\n<li>Surface area \u2013 A rock that has a greater number of joints or surface area exposed to weathering will weather faster.<\/li>\n<li>Slope aspect \u2013 The direction a slope is facing controls the amount of sunlight and daily temperature variation for the surface and can affect weathering.<\/li>\n<li>Vegetation \u2013 Vegetation cover can protect a rock surface, but root growth can also increase its weathering rate.<\/li>\n<li>Porosity\/Permeability \u2013 The ability of water to efficiently move through a material or be stored in a material affects its weathering rate.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Weathering is consistently happening on surfaces all around us. Keep an eye out for weathering on the human-made infrastructure around you, and in the natural landscapes you see. It is a significant part of biogeochemical cycling and therefore represents a foundational component of healthy critical zone function. Another resource for a deeper look into chemical weathering is found here: <a href=\"https:\/\/teach.albion.edu\/jjn10\/chemical-weathering\/\">https:\/\/teach.albion.edu\/jjn10\/chemical-weathering\/<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_203_334\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_203_334\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>produced or synthesized within system (Webster)<br \/>\nforces having an internal cause or origin (Google)<br \/>\nProcesses that are caused by forces from within the Earth (Kiddle)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_203_335\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_203_335\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>(extra-terrestrial) forces are as a result of other bodies in space(Kiddle)<br \/>\ncome from forces on or above the Earth's surface (Wiki)<br \/>\nexternal processes ultimately driven by the sun's energy (CState University)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_203_336\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_203_336\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The field that investigates the origin of landforms on the Earth and other planets (PhysGeo)<br \/>\nis the study of the nature and history of landforms and the processes which create them (DartmouthU)<br \/>\nis the study of landforms and landscapes and the processes that act to modify the Earth\u2019s surface (SFU 213)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_203_337\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_203_337\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The erosion or wearing down of a landmass. (2) Removal of the vegetative cover from an area (PhysGeo)<br \/>\ninvolves the processes that cause the wearing away of the Earth's surface by moving water, by ice, by wind and by waves, leading to a reduction in elevation and in relief of landforms and of landscapes (Wiki)<br \/>\nis an erosive process of breaking and removing the rocks from the surface of the earth (Chegg)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_203_338\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_203_338\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Physical, chemical or biological breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller sized particles.<br \/>\nbreakdown of rock in situ by physical and chemical processes due to the presence of water, plants and animals (Itseducation)<br \/>\nis the breakdown of rocks at the Earth\u2019s surface, by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature, and biological activity (Geological Society)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":852,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-203","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/852"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":339,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/203\/revisions\/339"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/203\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=203"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=203"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/earthsystems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}