{"id":118,"date":"2019-09-12T21:50:03","date_gmt":"2019-09-13T01:50:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=118"},"modified":"2020-03-23T14:11:30","modified_gmt":"2020-03-23T18:11:30","slug":"4-3-wound-infection-and-risk-of-wound-infection","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/chapter\/4-3-wound-infection-and-risk-of-wound-infection\/","title":{"raw":"4.3 Wound Infection and Risk of Wound Infection","rendered":"4.3 Wound Infection and Risk of Wound Infection"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Critical Thinking Exercises: Questions, Answers, and Sources \/ References<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nCritical thinking questions are in bold type, and the answers are italicized. Additional resources or references are provided below.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Gerry, 58 years old. History of smoking and hypertension. Has been in a motorcycle accident resulting in significant abrasions to his arms and legs. What factors increase Gerry's\u00a0 risk of wound infection?<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Smoking: Results in vasoconstriction and arterial damage = potential \u2193 oxygen to the tissues = \u2193 potential for healing.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Hypertension: Is sometimes associated with atherosclerosis which can mean potential impaired circulation and \u2193 oxygen to the tissues.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Nature of his injury: Abrasions from a motorcycle accident likely mean the wounds were contaminated with dirt and debris, which increases risk of infection.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSource:\r\n\r\nAny pathology textbook.\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n \t<li><strong>JT, 38 years old. Has paraplegia and had a wound on the right ischium for 18 months. What factors increase JT's risk of wound infection?<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Chronicity: What phase of wound healing is this wound in?<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Potential infection \/ biofilm: Is the wound infected, and is this preventing the wound from healing?<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Location and risk of infection: The ischium is near the rectum; has the wound been contaminated with stool? <\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Continued pressure: Is JT able to off-load pressure to allow blood flow and oxygen to the site to promote healing?<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Nutrition status: What is JT\u2019s nutrition status. Is it affecting his healing and risk of infection negatively or positively?<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Lifestyle: Does JT use cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs? Smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse can affect circulation, nutrition, and ability to care for one\u2019s self. Lifestyle can have negative effects on healing or risk of infection.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Medications: does JT use medications that interfere with wound healing?<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li><strong>What are the commonalities in relation to risk of wound infection and risk of impaired wound healing?<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Answer\u2026they are similar.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSource:\r\n\r\nInternational Wound Infection Institute (IWII). (2016). <em>Wound infection in clinical practice: Principles of best practice<\/em>. Wounds International. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.woundinfection-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IWII-Consensus_Final-2017.pdf\">http:\/\/www.woundinfection-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IWII-Consensus_Final-2017.pdf<\/a>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Sample Quiz Questions<\/h2>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>What are the classic S&amp;S of wound infection? Select all that apply.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Pain<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Swelling at the site<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Redness to the wound and surrounding area<\/strong> <strong>(erythema)<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Delayed healing<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Elevated WBC count<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Foul odor from the wound<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Fever chills<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Purulent (pus) discharge<\/strong> <em>Correct, but to note purulent discharge does not ALWAYS suggest wound infection. Other factors must be considered too.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSource:\r\n\r\nPotter, P., Perry, A., et al (2019). <em>Canadian fundamentals of nursing<\/em> (6th ed.). Elsevier; Mosby.","rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Critical Thinking Exercises: Questions, Answers, and Sources \/ References<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Critical thinking questions are in bold type, and the answers are italicized. Additional resources or references are provided below.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Gerry, 58 years old. History of smoking and hypertension. Has been in a motorcycle accident resulting in significant abrasions to his arms and legs. What factors increase Gerry&#8217;s\u00a0 risk of wound infection?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Smoking: Results in vasoconstriction and arterial damage = potential \u2193 oxygen to the tissues = \u2193 potential for healing.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Hypertension: Is sometimes associated with atherosclerosis which can mean potential impaired circulation and \u2193 oxygen to the tissues.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Nature of his injury: Abrasions from a motorcycle accident likely mean the wounds were contaminated with dirt and debris, which increases risk of infection.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Source:<\/p>\n<p>Any pathology textbook.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>JT, 38 years old. Has paraplegia and had a wound on the right ischium for 18 months. What factors increase JT&#8217;s risk of wound infection?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Chronicity: What phase of wound healing is this wound in?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Potential infection \/ biofilm: Is the wound infected, and is this preventing the wound from healing?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Location and risk of infection: The ischium is near the rectum; has the wound been contaminated with stool? <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Continued pressure: Is JT able to off-load pressure to allow blood flow and oxygen to the site to promote healing?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Nutrition status: What is JT\u2019s nutrition status. Is it affecting his healing and risk of infection negatively or positively?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Lifestyle: Does JT use cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs? Smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse can affect circulation, nutrition, and ability to care for one\u2019s self. Lifestyle can have negative effects on healing or risk of infection.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Medications: does JT use medications that interfere with wound healing?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>What are the commonalities in relation to risk of wound infection and risk of impaired wound healing?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Answer\u2026they are similar.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Source:<\/p>\n<p>International Wound Infection Institute (IWII). (2016). <em>Wound infection in clinical practice: Principles of best practice<\/em>. Wounds International. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.woundinfection-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IWII-Consensus_Final-2017.pdf\">http:\/\/www.woundinfection-institute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IWII-Consensus_Final-2017.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\">Sample Quiz Questions<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>What are the classic S&amp;S of wound infection? Select all that apply.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pain<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Swelling at the site<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Redness to the wound and surrounding area<\/strong> <strong>(erythema)<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Delayed healing<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Elevated WBC count<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Foul odor from the wound<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Fever chills<\/strong> <em>Correct<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Purulent (pus) discharge<\/strong> <em>Correct, but to note purulent discharge does not ALWAYS suggest wound infection. Other factors must be considered too.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Source:<\/p>\n<p>Potter, P., Perry, A., et al (2019). <em>Canadian fundamentals of nursing<\/em> (6th ed.). Elsevier; Mosby.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":397,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-118","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":112,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/397"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":710,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/118\/revisions\/710"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/112"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/118\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=118"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=118"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}