{"id":268,"date":"2019-09-16T11:49:33","date_gmt":"2019-09-16T15:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/?post_type=chapter&p=268"},"modified":"2020-03-23T17:35:03","modified_gmt":"2020-03-23T21:35:03","slug":"8-4","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyancillaryresourceforclinicalproceduresforsaferpatient\/chapter\/8-4\/","title":{"raw":"8.4 IV Fluids","rendered":"8.4 IV Fluids"},"content":{"raw":"

Critical Thinking Exercises: Questions, Answers, and Sources \/ References<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. Describe what is meant by isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic.\u00a0 Describe a situation where each of these kinds of IV solutions might be used.<\/strong> Answer:<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    Solution<\/td>\r\nIsotonic<\/strong><\/td>\r\nHypotonic<\/strong><\/td>\r\nHypertonic<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Osmolality<\/td>\r\n250 to 375 mOsm\/L<\/td>\r\nequal to or less than 250 mOsm\/L.<\/td>\r\nequal to or greater than 375 mOsm\/L<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Indications<\/td>\r\n\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • same osmotic pressure as plasma<\/li>\r\n \t
    • constant pressure inside and outside the cells<\/li>\r\n \t
    • causes the cells to remain the same (they will not shrink or swell)<\/li>\r\n \t
    • does not cause any fluid shifts within compartments<\/li>\r\n \t
    • increase intravascular volume<\/li>\r\n \t
    • treat vomiting, diarrhea, shock, and metabolic acidosis,<\/li>\r\n \t
    • used for resuscitation purposes and the administration of blood and blood products<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
    		\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • lowers the osmolality within the vascular space<\/li>\r\n \t
    • causes fluid to shift to the intracellular and interstitial space<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Cells will swell but may also delete fluid within the vascular space.<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Hydrate cells and interstitial compartments<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
    		\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • draws water out of the intracellular space into the extracellular space.<\/li>\r\n \t
    • hyponatremia, volume resuscitation, and brain injury<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    examples<\/td>\r\n\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • 0.9% normal saline<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u00a0lactated Ringer's & Ringers Lactate<\/li>\r\n \t
    • \u00b75% dextrose in water (D5W)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
    		\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • 0.45% sodium chloride<\/li>\r\n \t
    • 0.33% sodium chloride<\/li>\r\n \t
    • 2.5% dextrose in water<\/li>\r\n \t
    • 0.2% sodium chloride<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
    		\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • D5W with 0.45% NaCl<\/li>\r\n \t
    • D10W<\/li>\r\n \t
    • 3% NaCl<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
    Potential complications<\/td>\r\n\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • fluid volume overload<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
    		\r\n
      \r\n \t
    • hypovolemia<\/li>\r\n \t
    • hypotension related to fluid shifting out of the vascular space,<\/li>\r\n \t
    • do not administer to patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), as it may exacerbate cerebral edema.<\/li>\r\n \t
    • Use cautiously in patients with burns, liver failure, and traumas<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n
    		\r\n