{"id":344,"date":"2024-02-29T15:09:29","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T20:09:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/frenchoer1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=344"},"modified":"2024-02-29T15:11:12","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T20:11:12","slug":"6-11-structure-passe-compose-avec-avoir","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/frenchoer1\/chapter\/6-11-structure-passe-compose-avec-avoir\/","title":{"raw":"6.11: Structure - Pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec avoir","rendered":"6.11: Structure &#8211; Pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec avoir"},"content":{"raw":"<p class=\"lt-human-104290\">In this section, you will learn how to talk about past actions using the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> with the auxiliary verb <strong>avoir<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"box-note\">\r\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 class=\"box-legend editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Media Alternative<\/span><\/h2>\r\nListen to the audio clips that follow on this page to hear the French pronunciation of vocabulary and examples presented.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<div id=\"section_1\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 class=\"lt-human-118582 editable\">On \u00e9tudie !<\/h2>\r\n<div id=\"section_2\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">In order to talk about things that happened in the past, French speakers use two tenses, the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> and the <strong>imparfait<\/strong>. We will focus first on the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 which is used to talk about actions (or states) that were completed in the past. There are two general forms of <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec <strong>avoir<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec <strong>\u00eatre<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Just as its French name suggests, the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> is \"composed\" of two parts: the (a) auxiliary verb (<strong>verbe auxiliaire<\/strong>), <strong>avoir<\/strong> or <strong>\u00eatre<\/strong>, and (b) the past participle (<strong>participe pass\u00e9<\/strong>) of the main verb. The main verb is the action you\u2019re talking about; the auxiliary verb is the \"helping\" verb that tells us that it's a past action. Once you understand how these parts work together, you are good to go!<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_3\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec avoir<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(a) Most verbs in French use avoir as the auxiliary verb. Here are some examples with the verbs <strong>parler<\/strong>, <strong>manger<\/strong>, and <strong>oublier<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\"><caption>Parler, manger et oublier au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/caption>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">sujet<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">verbe auxiliaire (<strong>avoir<\/strong>)<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">participe pass\u00e9<\/th>\r\n<th scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"sujet\">Il<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"verbe auxiliaire (avoir)\">a<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"participe pass\u00e9\">\u00e9tudi\u00e9.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">= He studied.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"sujet\">Nous<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"verbe auxiliaire (avoir)\">avons<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"participe pass\u00e9\">mang\u00e9.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">= We ate.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"sujet\">j'<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"verbe auxiliaire (avoir)\">ai<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"participe pass\u00e9\">oubli\u00e9.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">= I forgot.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"box-note\">\r\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4 class=\"box-legend lt-human-118582 editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Note<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Notice how the auxiliary verb <strong>avoir<\/strong> is conjugated in the present tense. That is why the past participle (<strong>le participe pass\u00e9<\/strong>) is so important.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_4\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Les participes pass\u00e9s<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(b) <strong>Les participes pass\u00e9s<\/strong> (past participles) of a regular <strong>-er<\/strong> verb are formed by replacing the <strong>-er<\/strong> ending of the infinitive with <strong>-\u00e9<\/strong>, like parl<strong>\u00e9<\/strong>, mang<strong>\u00e9<\/strong> and oubli<strong>\u00e9<\/strong> above. Here is the complete conjugation of the verb <strong>parler<\/strong> in the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\"><caption>Conjugaison du verbe <strong>parler<\/strong> au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/caption>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">j'<strong>ai<\/strong><strong> parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Anglais\">I spoke, have spoken<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">tu <strong>as parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Anglais\">you spoke, have spoken<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">il, elle, on <strong>a parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Anglais\">he, she, it spoke, has spoken<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">Nous <strong>avons parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Anglais\">we spoke, have spoken<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">Vous <strong>avez parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">you spoke, have spoken<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">Ils, elles <strong>ont parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">they spoke, have spoken<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"box-note\">\r\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4 class=\"box-legend lt-human-118582 editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Note<\/span><\/h4>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Notice how<strong> j'ai parl\u00e9<\/strong> can be translated to both \"I spoke\" and \"I have spoken\". If you do a word by word translation of the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>, you will notice that <strong>J'ai parl\u00e9<\/strong> translates to \"I have spoken\". However, most of the time it would translate as \"I spoke\". Just remember that the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> is mostly used to talk about actions that happened, and were completed, in the past.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(c) Past participles of <strong>-er<\/strong> verbs with spelling changes (like <strong>acheter<\/strong>, <strong>esp\u00e9rer<\/strong>, <strong>amener<\/strong>, etc.) have no spelling change in their stems:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">J'<strong>esp\u00e8r<\/strong>e \u2794 J'ai <strong>esp\u00e9r<\/strong>\u00e9<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Ils <strong>ach\u00e8<\/strong>tent \u2794 Ils ont <strong>ache<\/strong>t\u00e9<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(d) The past participle of most <strong>-ir<\/strong> verbs is formed by replacing the <strong>-ir<\/strong> ending with <strong>i<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">For example:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">finir \u2794 <strong>fini<\/strong> J'ai fini mes devoirs. (I finished my homework.)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">dormir \u2794 <strong>dormi<\/strong> Jean-Fabrice n'a pas bien dormi. (J-F didn't sleep well.)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">sentir \u2794 <strong>senti<\/strong> Avez-vous senti les fleurs ? (Did you smell the flowers?)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(e) But, as you've probably guessed already there are a number of irregular past participles. Here are some common ones you need to remember:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\"><caption>Participes pass\u00e9s irr\u00e9guliers<\/caption>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Infinitif<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Participe pass\u00e9<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">\u00eatre<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\"><a class=\"link-https\" title=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/eOUZHcG0bCU\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/eOUZHcG0bCU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">\u00e9t\u00e9<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">faire<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">fait<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">avoir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">eu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">croire<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">cru<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">voir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">vu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">savoir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">su<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">courir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">couru<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">boire<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">bu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">pleuvoir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">plu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">pouvoir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">pu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">vouloir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">voulu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">lire<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">lu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">devoir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">d\u00fb<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">recevoir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">re\u00e7u<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">conna\u00eetre<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">connu<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">comprendre<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">compris<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">apprendre<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">appris<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">prendre<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">pris<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">surprendre<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">surpris<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">mettre<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">mis<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">dire<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">dit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">\u00e9crire<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">\u00e9crit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">suivre<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">suivi<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">ouvrir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">ouvert<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">d\u00e9couvrir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">d\u00e9couvert<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">souffrir<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">souffert<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"box-definition\">\r\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h4 class=\"box-legend lt-human-104348 editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Ressources\u00a0suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/span><\/h4>\r\nRegardez ces\u00a0vid\u00e9os\u00a0pour savoir plus sur\u00a0<a class=\"link-https\" title=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OKik1Lf7AL4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OKik1Lf7AL4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">le participe pass\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a class=\"link-https\" title=\"https:\/\/www.laits.utexas.edu\/tex\/gr\/tap2.html\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laits.utexas.edu\/tex\/gr\/tap2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec avoir<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(f) Here is how you say the expressions <strong>ll y a<\/strong> and <strong>Il faut<\/strong> in the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\"><caption>Les expressions <strong>il y a<\/strong> et <strong>il faut<\/strong><\/caption>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Au pr\u00e9sent<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Au pr\u00e9sent\"><strong>Il y a<\/strong> deux soir\u00e9es ce soir.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">There are two parties tonight.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9\"><strong>Il y a eu<\/strong> deux soir\u00e9es ce soir.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">There were two parties tonight.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Au pr\u00e9sent\"><strong>Il faut<\/strong> aller \u00e0 la boulangerie.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">It's necessary to go to the bakery.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9\"><strong>Il a fallu<\/strong> aller \u00e0 la boulangerie.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">It was necessary to go to the bakery<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(g) To make a verb negative in the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9, place <strong>ne, n'<\/strong> and <strong>pas<\/strong> around the conjugated form of avoir (not after the past participle):<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">J'ai oubli\u00e9 son anniversaire. (I forgot her birthday.)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-2 lt-human-118582\">\u2794 Je <strong>n'<\/strong>ai <strong>pas<\/strong> oubli\u00e9 son anniversaire. (I didn't forget her birthday.)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Ella a achet\u00e9 des baguettes ce matin. (She bought some baguettes this morning.)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-2 lt-human-118582\">\u2794 Elle <strong>n'<\/strong>a <strong>pas<\/strong> achet\u00e9 de baguette ce matin. (She did not buy baguettes this morning.)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(h) To form questions, you must always keep the subject and the auxiliary verb together. Compare:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Inversion: <strong>Avez-vous<\/strong> parl\u00e9 avec M. Fontanille?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">With <strong>Est-ce que <\/strong>: <strong>Est-ce que<\/strong> <strong>vous avez<\/strong> parl\u00e9 avec M. Fontanille?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">With inversion, you do not place the subject after the past participle (<strong>Avez parl\u00e9-vous...<\/strong>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_5\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Les adverbes de temps<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(i) Adverbs of time like <strong>hier<\/strong> (yesterday) or <strong>avant-hier<\/strong> (the day before yesterday), or any other reference to a past time (ce matin, samedi dernier, etc.), help contextualize the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\"><caption>Vocabulaire utile pour parler du pass\u00e9<\/caption>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">hier<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">yesterday<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">avant-hier<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">the day before yesterday<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">samedi dernier*<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">last Saturday<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">la semaine derni\u00e8re<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">last week<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">last year<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">*<strong>dernier<\/strong> (last) is an adjective and must agree with the noun it modifies. All months and days are masculine, including weekends (<strong>le week-end dernier<\/strong>).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(j) Certain adverbs must be placed before the past participle in French. Here are some common ones :<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\"><caption>Adverbes qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent le participe pass\u00e9<\/caption>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Exemples<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Examples<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">already<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il a <strong>d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/strong> visit\u00e9 Paris.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He (has) already visited Paris.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">encore<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">yet<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il n'a pas <strong>encore<\/strong> visit\u00e9 Paris.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He hasn't visited Paris yet.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">bien<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">well<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il a <strong>bien<\/strong> jou\u00e9.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He played well.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">mal<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">badly<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il a <strong>mal<\/strong> jou\u00e9.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He played poorly.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">beaucoup<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">a lot<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il a <strong>beaucoup<\/strong> travaill\u00e9.<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He worked a lot.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_6\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 class=\"lt-human-118582 editable\">On pratique !<\/h2>\r\n<div id=\"section_7\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Activit\u00e9 A<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019ils ont fait ? Imane parle de sa r\u00e9union de famille du week-end dernier. Compl\u00e9tez les phrases suivantes avec le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 du verbe correct.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Mod\u00e8le : J\u2019 <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (apprendre, prendre) un peu d\u2019arabe avec ma tante du Liban. \u2794 J\u2019ai appris un peu d\u2019arabe avec ma tante du Liban.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Mon fr\u00e8re <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (boire,\u00a0apprendre) un chocolat chaud.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Mes oncles, mes cousins et moi, nous <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (faire,\u00a0jouer) au foot.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Notre grand-m\u00e8re <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (parler, nettoyer) beaucoup de son pass\u00e9.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Mon neveu <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (oublie,\u00a0dessiner) son jouet au restaurant.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Mes parents <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (essayer, c\u00e9l\u00e9brer) leur anniversaire de mariage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Moi, j\u2019 <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (manger,\u00a0lire) deux livres.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Le copain de ma s\u0153ur <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (\u00e9couter,\u00a0avoir) de la musique.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Nous <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (go\u00fbter,\u00a0\u00eatre) du houmous libanais.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il y <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (\u00eatre,\u00a0avoir) une grande temp\u00eate de neige.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_8\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Activit\u00e9 B<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Changez les phrases suivantes du pr\u00e9sent au pass\u00e9, en utilisant le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Mod\u00e8le : Abeni mange une salade. \u2794 Abeni a mang\u00e9 une salade.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Scott \u00e9coute bien la chanson.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Ernesto joue mal dans le match.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Tu n\u2019aimes pas le fromage de ch\u00e8vre.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Nous \u00e9crivons des lettres.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Je ne reconnais pas son visage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il envoie un texto de son portable.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_9\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Activit\u00e9\u00a0C<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">R\u00e9\u00e9crivez les phrases suivantes au pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Mod\u00e8le : Abdoul a voyag\u00e9 en Europe l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re. \u2794 Abdoul voyage en Europe cette ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Hier, nous avons dormi \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4tel.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il a pris des cours au printemps.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Vous avez essay\u00e9 un nouveau restaurant.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il a mang\u00e9 un \u0153uf ce matin.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Elle a couru dans le parc.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Je n\u2019ai pas fait de jogging aujourd\u2019hui.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Ils ont eu 2 cours aujourd\u2019hui.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il a fallu acheter des fruits pour la tarte.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il y a eu un accident sur l\u2019autoroute.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_10\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Activit\u00e9\u00a0D<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">L\u2019emploi du temps de Sylvie. Look at Sylvie\u2019s schedule for last week. Then answer the questions with the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table mt-table-big\"><caption>L'emploi du temps de Sylvie<\/caption>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th scope=\"row\">Journ\u00e9e<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Lundi<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Mardi<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Mercredi<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Jeudi<\/th>\r\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Vendredi<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th scope=\"row\" data-th=\"Journ\u00e9e\">Matin<\/th>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Lundi\">Courir avec Jeanne<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mardi\">Passer l\u2019examen de maths<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mercredi\">Faire de la recherche sur Internet<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Jeudi\">\u2014<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Vendredi\">Dormir jusqu\u2019\u00e0 10 heures du matin<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th scope=\"row\" data-th=\"Journ\u00e9e\">Apr\u00e8s-midi<\/th>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Lundi\">D\u00e9jeuner avec Annette<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mardi\">Faire les courses<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mercredi\">Avoir un rendez-vous chez le dentiste<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Jeudi\">Nettoyer la maison<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Vendredi\">\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th scope=\"row\" data-th=\"Journ\u00e9e\">Soir<\/th>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Lundi\">Pr\u00e9parer l\u2019examen de maths<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mardi\">D\u00eener avec Jeanne<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Mercredi\">\u2014<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Jeudi\">\u2014<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Vendredi\">\u2014<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait ? Answer with full sentences.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait lundi matin ?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait lundi soir ?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait mardi apr\u00e8s-midi ?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019a-t-elle fait mercredi apr\u00e8s-midi ?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait vendredi matin ?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_11\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 class=\"editable\">On approfondit !<\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"box-definition\">\r\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"box-legend lt-human-104348 editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Ressources\u00a0en ligne<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"lt-human-104333\">Use the following resources\u00a0to\u00a0type accents and\/or search for words:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a class=\"link-https\" href=\"https:\/\/french.typeit.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">Accents<\/a>:\u00a0\u00e7,\u00a0\u00e0,\u00a0\u00e9,\u00a0\u00e8,\u00a0\u00e2,\u00a0\u00ea,\u00a0\u00ee,\u00a0\u00f4,\u00a0\u00fb,\u00a0\u00f9,\u00a0\u00eb,\u00a0\u00ef,\u00a0\u00fc<\/li>\r\n \t<li><a class=\"link-https\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wordreference.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">Dictionnaire<\/a>\u00a0fran\u00e7ais-anglais<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_12\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\"><strong>Exercice 1 : pass\u00e9\u00a0compos\u00e9 avec l'auxiliaire 'avoir' (verbes r\u00e9guliers)<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5790\/embed[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_13\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\"><strong>Exercice 2 :\u00a0pass\u00e9\u00a0compos\u00e9 avec l'auxiliaire 'avoir'\u00a0(verbes\u00a0irr\u00e9guliers)<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5791\/embed[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_14\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\"><strong>Exercice\u00a03\u00a0:\u00a0pass\u00e9\u00a0compos\u00e9\u00a0(pr\u00e9sent <\/strong>\u2794<strong> pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9)<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5792\/embed[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"section_15\" class=\"mt-section\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3 class=\"editable\"><strong>Exercice\u00a04\u00a0: pass\u00e9\u00a0compos\u00e9 (pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9\u00a0<\/strong>\u2794<strong> pr\u00e9sent) <\/strong><\/h3>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5793\/embed[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<footer class=\"mt-content-footer\">\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"autoattribution-divider\" \/>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"autoattribution\">\r\n\r\n<a class=\"internal mt-self-link\" href=\"https:\/\/human.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Languages\/French\/French_OER_1_(Carrasco_Zahedi_and_Parrish)\/06%3A_Unite_6_-_La_maison_et_le_quartier\/6.11%3A_Structure_-_Passe_compose_avec_avoir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"internal noopener\">6.11: Structure - Pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec avoir<\/a> is shared under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">CC BY-NC 4.0<\/a> license and was authored, remixed, and\/or curated by LibreTexts.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!-- pb_fixme -->\r\n\r\n<\/footer>","rendered":"<p class=\"lt-human-104290\">In this section, you will learn how to talk about past actions using the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> with the auxiliary verb <strong>avoir<\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"box-note\">\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"box-legend editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Media Alternative<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Listen to the audio clips that follow on this page to hear the French pronunciation of vocabulary and examples presented.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div id=\"section_1\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"lt-human-118582 editable\">On \u00e9tudie !<\/h2>\n<div id=\"section_2\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">In order to talk about things that happened in the past, French speakers use two tenses, the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> and the <strong>imparfait<\/strong>. We will focus first on the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 which is used to talk about actions (or states) that were completed in the past. There are two general forms of <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec <strong>avoir<\/strong><\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec <strong>\u00eatre<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Just as its French name suggests, the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> is &#8220;composed&#8221; of two parts: the (a) auxiliary verb (<strong>verbe auxiliaire<\/strong>), <strong>avoir<\/strong> or <strong>\u00eatre<\/strong>, and (b) the past participle (<strong>participe pass\u00e9<\/strong>) of the main verb. The main verb is the action you\u2019re talking about; the auxiliary verb is the &#8220;helping&#8221; verb that tells us that it&#8217;s a past action. Once you understand how these parts work together, you are good to go!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_3\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec avoir<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(a) Most verbs in French use avoir as the auxiliary verb. Here are some examples with the verbs <strong>parler<\/strong>, <strong>manger<\/strong>, and <strong>oublier<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\">\n<caption>Parler, manger et oublier au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">sujet<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">verbe auxiliaire (<strong>avoir<\/strong>)<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">participe pass\u00e9<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"sujet\">Il<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"verbe auxiliaire (avoir)\">a<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"participe pass\u00e9\">\u00e9tudi\u00e9.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">= He studied.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"sujet\">Nous<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"verbe auxiliaire (avoir)\">avons<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"participe pass\u00e9\">mang\u00e9.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">= We ate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"sujet\">j&#8217;<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"verbe auxiliaire (avoir)\">ai<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"participe pass\u00e9\">oubli\u00e9.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">= I forgot.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"box-note\">\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"box-legend lt-human-118582 editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Note<\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Notice how the auxiliary verb <strong>avoir<\/strong> is conjugated in the present tense. That is why the past participle (<strong>le participe pass\u00e9<\/strong>) is so important.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_4\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Les participes pass\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(b) <strong>Les participes pass\u00e9s<\/strong> (past participles) of a regular <strong>-er<\/strong> verb are formed by replacing the <strong>-er<\/strong> ending of the infinitive with <strong>-\u00e9<\/strong>, like parl<strong>\u00e9<\/strong>, mang<strong>\u00e9<\/strong> and oubli<strong>\u00e9<\/strong> above. Here is the complete conjugation of the verb <strong>parler<\/strong> in the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\">\n<caption>Conjugaison du verbe <strong>parler<\/strong> au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">j&#8217;<strong>ai<\/strong><strong> parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Anglais\">I spoke, have spoken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">tu <strong>as parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Anglais\">you spoke, have spoken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">il, elle, on <strong>a parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Anglais\">he, she, it spoke, has spoken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">Nous <strong>avons parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Anglais\">we spoke, have spoken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">Vous <strong>avez parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">you spoke, have spoken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">Ils, elles <strong>ont parl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">they spoke, have spoken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"box-note\">\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"box-legend lt-human-118582 editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Note<\/span><\/h4>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Notice how<strong> j&#8217;ai parl\u00e9<\/strong> can be translated to both &#8220;I spoke&#8221; and &#8220;I have spoken&#8221;. If you do a word by word translation of the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>, you will notice that <strong>J&#8217;ai parl\u00e9<\/strong> translates to &#8220;I have spoken&#8221;. However, most of the time it would translate as &#8220;I spoke&#8221;. Just remember that the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong> is mostly used to talk about actions that happened, and were completed, in the past.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(c) Past participles of <strong>-er<\/strong> verbs with spelling changes (like <strong>acheter<\/strong>, <strong>esp\u00e9rer<\/strong>, <strong>amener<\/strong>, etc.) have no spelling change in their stems:<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">J&#8217;<strong>esp\u00e8r<\/strong>e \u2794 J&#8217;ai <strong>esp\u00e9r<\/strong>\u00e9<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Ils <strong>ach\u00e8<\/strong>tent \u2794 Ils ont <strong>ache<\/strong>t\u00e9<\/p>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(d) The past participle of most <strong>-ir<\/strong> verbs is formed by replacing the <strong>-ir<\/strong> ending with <strong>i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">For example:<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">finir \u2794 <strong>fini<\/strong> J&#8217;ai fini mes devoirs. (I finished my homework.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">dormir \u2794 <strong>dormi<\/strong> Jean-Fabrice n&#8217;a pas bien dormi. (J-F didn&#8217;t sleep well.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">sentir \u2794 <strong>senti<\/strong> Avez-vous senti les fleurs ? (Did you smell the flowers?)<\/p>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(e) But, as you&#8217;ve probably guessed already there are a number of irregular past participles. Here are some common ones you need to remember:<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\">\n<caption>Participes pass\u00e9s irr\u00e9guliers<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Infinitif<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Participe pass\u00e9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">\u00eatre<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\"><a class=\"link-https\" title=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/eOUZHcG0bCU\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/eOUZHcG0bCU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">\u00e9t\u00e9<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">faire<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">fait<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">avoir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">eu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">croire<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">cru<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">voir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">vu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">savoir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">su<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">courir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">couru<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">boire<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">bu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">pleuvoir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">plu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">pouvoir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">pu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">vouloir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">voulu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">lire<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">lu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">devoir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">d\u00fb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">recevoir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">re\u00e7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">conna\u00eetre<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">connu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">comprendre<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">compris<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">apprendre<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">appris<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">prendre<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">pris<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">surprendre<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">surpris<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">mettre<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">mis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">dire<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">dit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">\u00e9crire<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">\u00e9crit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">suivre<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">suivi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">ouvrir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">ouvert<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">d\u00e9couvrir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">d\u00e9couvert<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Infinitif\">souffrir<\/td>\n<td class=\"mt-align-center lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Participe pass\u00e9\">souffert<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"box-definition\">\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"box-legend lt-human-104348 editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Ressources\u00a0suppl\u00e9mentaires<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Regardez ces\u00a0vid\u00e9os\u00a0pour savoir plus sur\u00a0<a class=\"link-https\" title=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OKik1Lf7AL4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OKik1Lf7AL4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">le participe pass\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a class=\"link-https\" title=\"https:\/\/www.laits.utexas.edu\/tex\/gr\/tap2.html\" href=\"https:\/\/www.laits.utexas.edu\/tex\/gr\/tap2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 avec avoir<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(f) Here is how you say the expressions <strong>ll y a<\/strong> and <strong>Il faut<\/strong> in the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\">\n<caption>Les expressions <strong>il y a<\/strong> et <strong>il faut<\/strong><\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Au pr\u00e9sent<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Au pr\u00e9sent\"><strong>Il y a<\/strong> deux soir\u00e9es ce soir.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">There are two parties tonight.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9\"><strong>Il y a eu<\/strong> deux soir\u00e9es ce soir.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">There were two parties tonight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Au pr\u00e9sent\"><strong>Il faut<\/strong> aller \u00e0 la boulangerie.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">It&#8217;s necessary to go to the bakery.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9\"><strong>Il a fallu<\/strong> aller \u00e0 la boulangerie.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">It was necessary to go to the bakery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(g) To make a verb negative in the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9, place <strong>ne, n&#8217;<\/strong> and <strong>pas<\/strong> around the conjugated form of avoir (not after the past participle):<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">J&#8217;ai oubli\u00e9 son anniversaire. (I forgot her birthday.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-2 lt-human-118582\">\u2794 Je <strong>n&#8217;<\/strong>ai <strong>pas<\/strong> oubli\u00e9 son anniversaire. (I didn&#8217;t forget her birthday.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Ella a achet\u00e9 des baguettes ce matin. (She bought some baguettes this morning.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-2 lt-human-118582\">\u2794 Elle <strong>n&#8217;<\/strong>a <strong>pas<\/strong> achet\u00e9 de baguette ce matin. (She did not buy baguettes this morning.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(h) To form questions, you must always keep the subject and the auxiliary verb together. Compare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Inversion: <strong>Avez-vous<\/strong> parl\u00e9 avec M. Fontanille?<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">With <strong>Est-ce que <\/strong>: <strong>Est-ce que<\/strong> <strong>vous avez<\/strong> parl\u00e9 avec M. Fontanille?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">With inversion, you do not place the subject after the past participle (<strong>Avez parl\u00e9-vous&#8230;<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_5\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Les adverbes de temps<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(i) Adverbs of time like <strong>hier<\/strong> (yesterday) or <strong>avant-hier<\/strong> (the day before yesterday), or any other reference to a past time (ce matin, samedi dernier, etc.), help contextualize the <strong>pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\">\n<caption>Vocabulaire utile pour parler du pass\u00e9<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">hier<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">yesterday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">avant-hier<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">the day before yesterday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">samedi dernier*<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">last Saturday<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">la semaine derni\u00e8re<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">last week<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">l&#8217;ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">last year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">*<strong>dernier<\/strong> (last) is an adjective and must agree with the noun it modifies. All months and days are masculine, including weekends (<strong>le week-end dernier<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">(j) Certain adverbs must be placed before the past participle in French. Here are some common ones :<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\"><audio controls=\"controls\"><\/audio><\/p>\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table\">\n<caption>Adverbes qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent le participe pass\u00e9<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Anglais<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Exemples<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Examples<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">already<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il a <strong>d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/strong> visit\u00e9 Paris.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He (has) already visited Paris.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">encore<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">yet<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il n&#8217;a pas <strong>encore<\/strong> visit\u00e9 Paris.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He hasn&#8217;t visited Paris yet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">bien<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">well<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il a <strong>bien<\/strong> jou\u00e9.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He played well.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">mal<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">badly<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il a <strong>mal<\/strong> jou\u00e9.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He played poorly.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">beaucoup<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Anglais\">a lot<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Exemples\">Il a <strong>beaucoup<\/strong> travaill\u00e9.<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Examples\">He worked a lot.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_6\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"lt-human-118582 editable\">On pratique !<\/h2>\n<div id=\"section_7\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Activit\u00e9 A<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019ils ont fait ? Imane parle de sa r\u00e9union de famille du week-end dernier. Compl\u00e9tez les phrases suivantes avec le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 du verbe correct.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Mod\u00e8le : J\u2019 <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (apprendre, prendre) un peu d\u2019arabe avec ma tante du Liban. \u2794 J\u2019ai appris un peu d\u2019arabe avec ma tante du Liban.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Mon fr\u00e8re <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (boire,\u00a0apprendre) un chocolat chaud.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Mes oncles, mes cousins et moi, nous <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (faire,\u00a0jouer) au foot.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Notre grand-m\u00e8re <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (parler, nettoyer) beaucoup de son pass\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Mon neveu <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (oublie,\u00a0dessiner) son jouet au restaurant.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Mes parents <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (essayer, c\u00e9l\u00e9brer) leur anniversaire de mariage.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Moi, j\u2019 <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (manger,\u00a0lire) deux livres.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Le copain de ma s\u0153ur <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (\u00e9couter,\u00a0avoir) de la musique.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Nous <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (go\u00fbter,\u00a0\u00eatre) du houmous libanais.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il y <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Answer Line\">________<\/span> (\u00eatre,\u00a0avoir) une grande temp\u00eate de neige.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_8\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Activit\u00e9 B<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Changez les phrases suivantes du pr\u00e9sent au pass\u00e9, en utilisant le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Mod\u00e8le : Abeni mange une salade. \u2794 Abeni a mang\u00e9 une salade.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Scott \u00e9coute bien la chanson.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Ernesto joue mal dans le match.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Tu n\u2019aimes pas le fromage de ch\u00e8vre.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Nous \u00e9crivons des lettres.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Je ne reconnais pas son visage.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il envoie un texto de son portable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_9\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Activit\u00e9\u00a0C<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">R\u00e9\u00e9crivez les phrases suivantes au pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"mt-indent-1 lt-human-118582\">Mod\u00e8le : Abdoul a voyag\u00e9 en Europe l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re. \u2794 Abdoul voyage en Europe cette ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Hier, nous avons dormi \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4tel.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il a pris des cours au printemps.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Vous avez essay\u00e9 un nouveau restaurant.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il a mang\u00e9 un \u0153uf ce matin.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Elle a couru dans le parc.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Je n\u2019ai pas fait de jogging aujourd\u2019hui.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Ils ont eu 2 cours aujourd\u2019hui.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il a fallu acheter des fruits pour la tarte.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Il y a eu un accident sur l\u2019autoroute.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_10\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\">Activit\u00e9\u00a0D<\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">L\u2019emploi du temps de Sylvie. Look at Sylvie\u2019s schedule for last week. Then answer the questions with the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9.<\/p>\n<table class=\"mt-responsive-table mt-table-big\">\n<caption>L&#8217;emploi du temps de Sylvie<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">Journ\u00e9e<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Lundi<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Mardi<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Mercredi<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Jeudi<\/th>\n<th class=\"mt-align-center\" scope=\"col\">Vendredi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" data-th=\"Journ\u00e9e\">Matin<\/th>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Lundi\">Courir avec Jeanne<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mardi\">Passer l\u2019examen de maths<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mercredi\">Faire de la recherche sur Internet<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Jeudi\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Vendredi\">Dormir jusqu\u2019\u00e0 10 heures du matin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" data-th=\"Journ\u00e9e\">Apr\u00e8s-midi<\/th>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Lundi\">D\u00e9jeuner avec Annette<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mardi\">Faire les courses<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mercredi\">Avoir un rendez-vous chez le dentiste<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Jeudi\">Nettoyer la maison<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Vendredi\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\" data-th=\"Journ\u00e9e\">Soir<\/th>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Lundi\">Pr\u00e9parer l\u2019examen de maths<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" data-th=\"Mardi\">D\u00eener avec Jeanne<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Mercredi\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Jeudi\">\u2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"lt-human-118582\" style=\"vertical-align: middle\" data-th=\"Vendredi\">\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait ? Answer with full sentences.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait lundi matin ?<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait lundi soir ?<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait mardi apr\u00e8s-midi ?<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019a-t-elle fait mercredi apr\u00e8s-midi ?<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-human-118582\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle a fait vendredi matin ?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_11\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"editable\">On approfondit !<\/h2>\n<div class=\"box-definition\">\n<div class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"box-legend lt-human-104348 editable\"><span class=\"lt-icon-default\">Ressources\u00a0en ligne<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"lt-human-104333\">Use the following resources\u00a0to\u00a0type accents and\/or search for words:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"link-https\" href=\"https:\/\/french.typeit.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">Accents<\/a>:\u00a0\u00e7,\u00a0\u00e0,\u00a0\u00e9,\u00a0\u00e8,\u00a0\u00e2,\u00a0\u00ea,\u00a0\u00ee,\u00a0\u00f4,\u00a0\u00fb,\u00a0\u00f9,\u00a0\u00eb,\u00a0\u00ef,\u00a0\u00fc<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"link-https\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wordreference.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener nofollow\">Dictionnaire<\/a>\u00a0fran\u00e7ais-anglais<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_12\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\"><strong>Exercice 1 : pass\u00e9\u00a0compos\u00e9 avec l&#8217;auxiliaire &#8216;avoir&#8217; (verbes r\u00e9guliers)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5790\/embed\">https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5790\/embed<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_13\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\"><strong>Exercice 2 :\u00a0pass\u00e9\u00a0compos\u00e9 avec l&#8217;auxiliaire &#8216;avoir&#8217;\u00a0(verbes\u00a0irr\u00e9guliers)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5791\/embed\">https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5791\/embed<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_14\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\"><strong>Exercice\u00a03\u00a0:\u00a0pass\u00e9\u00a0compos\u00e9\u00a0(pr\u00e9sent <\/strong>\u2794<strong> pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5792\/embed\">https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5792\/embed<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"section_15\" class=\"mt-section\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"editable\"><strong>Exercice\u00a04\u00a0: pass\u00e9\u00a0compos\u00e9 (pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9\u00a0<\/strong>\u2794<strong> pr\u00e9sent) <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5793\/embed\">https:\/\/studio.libretexts.org\/h5p\/5793\/embed<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer class=\"mt-content-footer\">\n<hr class=\"autoattribution-divider\" \/>\n<div class=\"autoattribution\">\n<p><a class=\"internal mt-self-link\" href=\"https:\/\/human.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Languages\/French\/French_OER_1_(Carrasco_Zahedi_and_Parrish)\/06%3A_Unite_6_-_La_maison_et_le_quartier\/6.11%3A_Structure_-_Passe_compose_avec_avoir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"internal noopener\">6.11: Structure &#8211; 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