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Laboratory Manual for Introduction to Physical Geography, First British Columbia Edition by Stuart MacKinnon, Katie Burles, Terence Day, Fes de Scally, Nina Hewitt, Crystal Huscroft, Gillian Krezoski, Allison Lutz, Craig Nichol, Andrew Perkins, Todd Redding, Ian Saunders, Leonard Tang, and Chani Welch is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Image Use

• Cover Photo is of Horsheshoe Glacier by Katie Burle and licensed under a CC-BY-NC-SA license

This text uses many images that are not covered under the license above. These images are included under specific licenses or with permission from the author. Do not use these images unless permission is granted by the author or you meet the conditions of their licenses.

• Several images in this text are used in accordance with the Government of Canada’s Terms and Conditions
  • Figure 3.5 Surface Analysis Map © Environment Canada
  • Figure 9.4 Soil pit in an Organic soil from BC © Soil Classification Working Group
  • Figure 9.5 Podzolic soil from Quebec on sandy parent materials © Soil Classification Working Group
  • Figure 9.6a Gleysol © Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
  • Figure 9.8 Soil pit in a Brunisol soil (sombric brunisol) from an alpine meadow © University of Calgary

• Several images in this text are used under the Open Government License – Canada
  • Figure 9.4 Soil pit in an Organic soil from BC © Soil Classification Working Group
  • Figure 9.5 Podzolic soil from Quebec on sandy parent materials © Soil Classification Working Group
  • Figure 12.1. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82E14 (Kelowna) 4th edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 12.5 Scale from NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82N05 (Glacier) 3rd edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 12.8 Grid Zone Designation from NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82E14 (Kelowna) 4th edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 13.4a. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 92B06 (Victoria) 6th edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 13.4b NTS map sheet 01N10 St. John’s, NL, 8th edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 13.5. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82N05 (Glacier) 3rd edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 13.6a. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82E14 (Kelowna) 4th edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 13.6b. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 92H01 (Ashnola River) 2nd edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 13.9. NTS 1:50,000 map sheet 82N05 (Glacier) 3rd edition © Natural Resources Canada
  • Figure 15.8. Banff East Cross Section: Map 1294A/1295A © Geological Survey of Canada

• Several images in this text are from the United States Department of Agriculture and used in accordance with the USDA Digital Rights and Copyright Policy
  • Figure 10.2 White Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.3 Swamp White Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.4 Canyon Live Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.5 Blue Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.6 Oregon White Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.7 Bur Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.8 Swamp Chestnut Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.9 Willow Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.10 Northern Red Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Figure 10.11 Live Oak © U.S. Department of Agriculture

• Screencaps from Google Earth and Google Maps are used in accordance with Google’s guidelines.
  • Figure 9.2a Soils of BC Instructional Tour © Google
  • Figure 9.2b Soils of BC Instructional Tour © Google
  • Figure 9.2c Soils of BC Instructional Tour © Google
  • Figure 9.7 Google Earth Web Tour at Site #4 © Google
  • Figure 13.10. Google Earth topographic profile near Glacier, BC, Canada © Google
  • Lab 13 15.2 Answer © Google
  • Lab 17 EX2.1. Google My Map screen shot of black diamond ski run © Google
  • Figure 19.2 Google Earth screen capture © Google
  • Figure 20.1 Huscroft 3D GE image © Google
  • Figure 20.3 Huscroft glacier length © Google
  • Figure 20.4 Huscroft LIA extent © Google
  • Figure 20.5 Huscroft 1984 imagery © Google
  • Figure 20.6 Huscroft 2018 imagery © Google
  • Figure 20.7 1984 Glacier toe position © Google
  • Figure 20.9 Huscroft 2019 glacier toe position © Google
  • 21.6 Google Earth Image of James Island © Google
  • 21.7 Google Earth Image of Coastal Landforms Near Tofino © Google

• Screencaps from Climate BC Map are used with permission from Tongli Wang
  • Figure 9.3a Climate BC Website © University of British Columbia
  • Figure 9.3b Climate BC Website © University of British Columbia
  • Figure 9.3c Climate BC Website © University of British Columbia
  • Figure 9.3d Climate BC Website © University of British Columbia
• Figure 9.6b Soil ped with Mottles © Weil and Brady is reproduced with permission from R. Weil and Pearson Education.
• Shaded Relief with Height as Color, North America © NASA/JPL, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is used according to the JPL NASA Image policy.
• Figure 15.1. Worldwide Tectonic Map © David McConnell is used with permission.
• Figure 13.11. Bitterroot Loop clipped from Rose Valley Regional Park kiosk information © Regional District of Central Okanagan is used with permission
• Use of iMapBC images is permitted with attribution:
  • Figure 17.9 EX2.2. iMap screen capture of ski run named Fuzzy at Kimberley Alpine Resort © DataBC, Province of British Columbia
  • Figure 17.10 EX2.3. Four natural slope breaks along the ski run Fuzz at Kimberley Alpine Resort © DataBC, Province of British Columbia
  • Figure 18.1 iMap screen capture of the location of Nicomekl River Watershed © DataBC, Province of British Columbia
  • Figure 18.7 iMap screen capture of the Water usage within the Nicomekl watershed © DataBC, Province of British Columbia
• Use of BC Watertool images is permitted with attribution
  • Figure 18.2 Precipitation data from White Rock climate station 1108910 © Foundry Spatial
  • Figure 18.3 Streamflow in Nicomekl River at Station 08MH155 © Foundry Spatia
  • Figure 18.4 Groundwater levels at BC Obs Well 353 © Foundry Spatial
• Figure 16.2 Preliminary Determination of Epicenters 358, 214 Events, 1963 – 1998 © U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is used according to the NASA Media policy.
• Screencaps from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) are used with permission from PBNS.
  • Figure 16.3 Epicentres of notable earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest from 1997 to 2019 © Pacific Northwest Seismic Network
  • Figure 16.4 Cross-section showing depth and magnitude of notable earthquakes © Pacific Northwest Seismic Network
• Figure 20.8 Huscroft 29082019 Sentinel 2 image © U.S. Geological Survey is used in accordance with the USGS Copyrights and Credits Policy.
• Figures 3.1, 3.2, and 3.4: Permission has been granted by EarthWindMap for licensing of these images as CC BY-NC-SA.