{"id":111,"date":"2018-01-06T13:29:32","date_gmt":"2018-01-06T18:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=111"},"modified":"2018-01-06T13:29:45","modified_gmt":"2018-01-06T18:29:45","slug":"confronting-the-frontiers","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/chapter\/confronting-the-frontiers\/","title":{"raw":"Confronting the Frontiers","rendered":"Confronting the Frontiers"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p>The contemporary food system has pushed the edge of agriculture in many ways. The expansion of agriculture in tandem with rapid population growth and urbanization has led to many agriculture-urban conflicts. The case study on the Agricultural Land Reserve details policy responses to these agricultural-urban conflicts.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, recent concern over the geographic expansion of genetically engineered agricultural products (or genetically modified organisms; GMOs) such as alfalfa and the <strong class=\"Bold\">Arctic apple<\/strong> have led to protests for labelling foods and for applying the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/food\/foodlaw\/precautionary\/index_en.htm\">Precautionary Principle<\/a> (a principle that should be applied to the use of genetically modified (GM) food crops concerning human health) to further adoption in order to limit impacts on organic farms.<\/p>\n<p>The increased attention to food system issues in BC has led to a number of political and social trends aimed at changing our understanding of food systems:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\"><strong class=\"Bold\">100-mile diet<\/strong><\/a>,[footnote]100 Mile Diet <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet<\/a>[\/footnote] which originated in the Lower Mainland, challenges adopters to eat locally (within 100 miles of their home).<\/li>\n<li>There is&nbsp;increasing attention on providing better access to seed sources and a variety of seeds through local seed companies.<\/li>\n<li>The number of organic&nbsp;producers has increased over the last 20 years.<\/li>\n<li>Province-wide food organizations such as the <strong class=\"Bold\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bcfsn.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">BC Food Systems Network<\/a> (BCFSN)<\/strong>[footnote]BC Food Systems Network <a href=\"http:\/\/bcfsn.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/bcfsn.org <\/a>[\/footnote] and more local food policy councils challenge municipal governments to adopt strategies and plans to support local food security - often through support for urban agriculture.<\/li>\n<li>The movement toward urban agriculture has led to some innovative work in social justice by organizations such as <strong class=\"Bold\">Sole Foods&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;[footnote]Sole Foods website <a href=\"http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com<\/a>[\/footnote] and small entrepreneurs engaged in alternative production methods such as <strong class=\"Bold\">SPIN-farming (s-mall p-lot in-tensive)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Groups such&nbsp;the <a href=\"http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong class=\"Bold\">Young Agrarians<\/strong><\/a>[footnote]Young Agrarians website <a href=\"http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/youngagrarians.org<\/a>[\/footnote] seek alternative ways for young people to access farmland in those&nbsp;regions where access is difficult because of&nbsp;the high cost of entry (due to&nbsp;both limited amounts of land and speculative dynamics of land markets).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","rendered":"<p>The contemporary food system has pushed the edge of agriculture in many ways. The expansion of agriculture in tandem with rapid population growth and urbanization has led to many agriculture-urban conflicts. The case study on the Agricultural Land Reserve details policy responses to these agricultural-urban conflicts.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, recent concern over the geographic expansion of genetically engineered agricultural products (or genetically modified organisms; GMOs) such as alfalfa and the <strong class=\"Bold\">Arctic apple<\/strong> have led to protests for labelling foods and for applying the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/food\/food\/foodlaw\/precautionary\/index_en.htm\">Precautionary Principle<\/a> (a principle that should be applied to the use of genetically modified (GM) food crops concerning human health) to further adoption in order to limit impacts on organic farms.<\/p>\n<p>The increased attention to food system issues in BC has led to a number of political and social trends aimed at changing our understanding of food systems:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\"><strong class=\"Bold\">100-mile diet<\/strong><\/a>,<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"100 Mile Diet https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\" id=\"return-footnote-111-1\" href=\"#footnote-111-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> which originated in the Lower Mainland, challenges adopters to eat locally (within 100 miles of their home).<\/li>\n<li>There is&nbsp;increasing attention on providing better access to seed sources and a variety of seeds through local seed companies.<\/li>\n<li>The number of organic&nbsp;producers has increased over the last 20 years.<\/li>\n<li>Province-wide food organizations such as the <strong class=\"Bold\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bcfsn.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">BC Food Systems Network<\/a> (BCFSN)<\/strong><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"BC Food Systems Network http:\/\/bcfsn.org\" id=\"return-footnote-111-2\" href=\"#footnote-111-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> and more local food policy councils challenge municipal governments to adopt strategies and plans to support local food security &#8211; often through support for urban agriculture.<\/li>\n<li>The movement toward urban agriculture has led to some innovative work in social justice by organizations such as <strong class=\"Bold\">Sole Foods&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Sole Foods website http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com\" id=\"return-footnote-111-3\" href=\"#footnote-111-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> and small entrepreneurs engaged in alternative production methods such as <strong class=\"Bold\">SPIN-farming (s-mall p-lot in-tensive)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Groups such&nbsp;the <a href=\"http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong class=\"Bold\">Young Agrarians<\/strong><\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Young Agrarians website http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\" id=\"return-footnote-111-4\" href=\"#footnote-111-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a> seek alternative ways for young people to access farmland in those&nbsp;regions where access is difficult because of&nbsp;the high cost of entry (due to&nbsp;both limited amounts of land and speculative dynamics of land markets).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-111-1\">100 Mile Diet <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_100-Mile_Diet<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-111-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-111-2\">BC Food Systems Network <a href=\"http:\/\/bcfsn.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/bcfsn.org <\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-111-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-111-3\">Sole Foods website <a href=\"http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/solefoodfarms.com<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-111-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-111-4\">Young Agrarians website <a href=\"http:\/\/youngagrarians.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/youngagrarians.org<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-111-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":265,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-111","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":99,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/265"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":244,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/revisions\/244"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/99"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/111\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=111"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}