{"id":140,"date":"2018-01-06T13:29:00","date_gmt":"2018-01-06T18:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=140"},"modified":"2018-01-06T13:29:07","modified_gmt":"2018-01-06T18:29:07","slug":"summary-4","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/chapter\/summary-4\/","title":{"raw":"Summary","rendered":"Summary"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p>Forests&nbsp;are&nbsp;a vital part of the province's history and sustainable forestry&nbsp;management is a essential part of a its&nbsp;future. The forest industry relies primarily on coniferous trees to for domestic and export markets. Harvest occurs both in natural stands and industrially planted stands.&nbsp;Within the province, reforestation is strictly regulated so that new forests mirror the diversity of natural forests&nbsp;and support the sustainable harvest of commercially valuable timber. The goal of these&nbsp;regulations&nbsp;is to ensure that BC forests contain genetic diversity, an important element in maintaining ecosystem resilience. British Columbia uses a mix of over 20 different native tree species in its reforestation programs.<\/p>\n<p>The current annual allowable cut (AAC) is 75 million cubic metres. Both timber and non-timber values are considered in calculating AACs. For example, the following factors are considered:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&nbsp; No-cut buffer zones<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp; Insect\/fire\/disease losses<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp; Logging losses<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp; Operational constraints<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp; Environmental and wildlife considerations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Technological advances in the logging industry have greatly affected the lumber production. Technology allowed mills to&nbsp;switch from labour-intensive to capital-intensive entities, and all aspects of milling are now&nbsp;automated for&nbsp;debarking logs, saw milling, grading, and green chain (an assembly line of fresh cut timber).&nbsp;Technological advances include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transportation (railways, rafts, trucks, bulldozers)<\/li>\n<li>The donkey engine<\/li>\n<li>The mechanical spar pole<\/li>\n<li>The feller&nbsp;buncher<\/li>\n<li>Hydraulic barkers and new band saws<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Global demand in the 20th century introduced a greater need for pulp and paper mills. Mills rose throughout the region of BC in places such as Prince Rupert, Duncan Bay, Port Alberni, Marmac and Victoria.<\/p>\n<p>BC owns approximately over 90% of the forested land, which means that determining tenures and tax rates is important. Tenure is the way in which rights are held; tenure is not a right itself. Tenures in the region include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tree farm licenses<\/li>\n<li>Public sustained yield units<\/li>\n<li>Forest licenses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","rendered":"<p>Forests&nbsp;are&nbsp;a vital part of the province&#8217;s history and sustainable forestry&nbsp;management is a essential part of a its&nbsp;future. The forest industry relies primarily on coniferous trees to for domestic and export markets. Harvest occurs both in natural stands and industrially planted stands.&nbsp;Within the province, reforestation is strictly regulated so that new forests mirror the diversity of natural forests&nbsp;and support the sustainable harvest of commercially valuable timber. The goal of these&nbsp;regulations&nbsp;is to ensure that BC forests contain genetic diversity, an important element in maintaining ecosystem resilience. British Columbia uses a mix of over 20 different native tree species in its reforestation programs.<\/p>\n<p>The current annual allowable cut (AAC) is 75 million cubic metres. Both timber and non-timber values are considered in calculating AACs. For example, the following factors are considered:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&nbsp; No-cut buffer zones<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp; Insect\/fire\/disease losses<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp; Logging losses<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp; Operational constraints<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp; Environmental and wildlife considerations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Technological advances in the logging industry have greatly affected the lumber production. Technology allowed mills to&nbsp;switch from labour-intensive to capital-intensive entities, and all aspects of milling are now&nbsp;automated for&nbsp;debarking logs, saw milling, grading, and green chain (an assembly line of fresh cut timber).&nbsp;Technological advances include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transportation (railways, rafts, trucks, bulldozers)<\/li>\n<li>The donkey engine<\/li>\n<li>The mechanical spar pole<\/li>\n<li>The feller&nbsp;buncher<\/li>\n<li>Hydraulic barkers and new band saws<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Global demand in the 20th century introduced a greater need for pulp and paper mills. Mills rose throughout the region of BC in places such as Prince Rupert, Duncan Bay, Port Alberni, Marmac and Victoria.<\/p>\n<p>BC owns approximately over 90% of the forested land, which means that determining tenures and tax rates is important. Tenure is the way in which rights are held; tenure is not a right itself. Tenures in the region include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tree farm licenses<\/li>\n<li>Public sustained yield units<\/li>\n<li>Forest licenses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":265,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-140","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":125,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/265"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":237,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/140\/revisions\/237"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/125"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/140\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=140"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=140"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/geographyofbc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}