As an English word, ca<\/i>mpus<\/i> is a relative newcomer: it is first attested in the United States of 1774. From the original Latin campus<\/b>, Middle English had only the French derivative champ, <\/i>which was still used by Elizabethans in phrases like \u201cthe champ of battle.\u201d Its link with champion<\/i> is fairly obvious, but you may not easily see the connection with French champagne<\/i> and champignon<\/i> (\u201cmushroom\u201d\u2014a delicacy that grows on the open field). In 1528 the word camp<\/i> was borrowed (via French) from Italian campo<\/i>; similarly, campaign<\/i> (a doublet of champagne<\/i>) came through French from Italian campagna <\/i>(from Medieval Latin campania<\/b>). <\/i> Except in Norman dialect, Latin ca<\/b>- always developed into French cha<\/i>-, unless there was some other form of foreign influence. It is somewhat ironic that campus<\/i> has recently made its way into French as an English loan-word.<\/p>\r\n
Latin populus<\/b> forms the P in the celebrated acronym SPQR (senatus populusque Romanus,<\/b> \u201cthe Senate and the Roman people\u201d). In French it became peuple<\/i>, source of English people<\/i>. The corresponding Italian form is popolo<\/i>; by means of an expressive pejorative suffix, popolo<\/i> was changed to popolaccio<\/i> (\u201cthe bad people\u201d), and English got the word populace<\/i>. The Spanish derivative of populus<\/b>, pueblo<\/i>, came to mean a town or village, and is so used today in English.<\/p>\r\n
There is a small sub-type of the 2nd declension -us <\/b>noun where the nominative singular (the vocabulary form) ends in -er<\/b>. Minister<\/i> and arbiter <\/i>are English words that have kept their original Latin form. Another Latin noun of this type was magister<\/b>, \u201cteacher,\u201d \u201c(school-)master.\u201d Through Old French maiestre<\/i> this word became master; <\/i>the modern French ma\u00eetre<\/i> is also used in English as ma\u00eetre d\u2019h\u00f4tel <\/i>or ma\u00eetre d\u2019.<\/i> Doublets of master<\/i> are mister, Mr., <\/i>and maestro, <\/i>the Italian derivative. A 1st declension feminine counterpart, magistra<\/b>, became Old French maiestresse<\/i>, whence English mistress<\/i>, Mrs<\/i>., Miss<\/i>, and Ms<\/i>.<\/p>","rendered":"
As an English word, ca<\/i>mpus<\/i> is a relative newcomer: it is first attested in the United States of 1774. From the original Latin campus<\/b>, Middle English had only the French derivative champ, <\/i>which was still used by Elizabethans in phrases like \u201cthe champ of battle.\u201d Its link with champion<\/i> is fairly obvious, but you may not easily see the connection with French champagne<\/i> and champignon<\/i> (\u201cmushroom\u201d\u2014a delicacy that grows on the open field). In 1528 the word camp<\/i> was borrowed (via French) from Italian campo<\/i>; similarly, campaign<\/i> (a doublet of champagne<\/i>) came through French from Italian campagna <\/i>(from Medieval Latin campania<\/b>). <\/i> Except in Norman dialect, Latin ca<\/b>– always developed into French cha<\/i>-, unless there was some other form of foreign influence. It is somewhat ironic that campus<\/i> has recently made its way into French as an English loan-word.<\/p>\n
Latin populus<\/b> forms the P in the celebrated acronym SPQR (senatus populusque Romanus,<\/b> \u201cthe Senate and the Roman people\u201d). In French it became peuple<\/i>, source of English people<\/i>. The corresponding Italian form is popolo<\/i>; by means of an expressive pejorative suffix, popolo<\/i> was changed to popolaccio<\/i> (\u201cthe bad people\u201d), and English got the word populace<\/i>. The Spanish derivative of populus<\/b>, pueblo<\/i>, came to mean a town or village, and is so used today in English.<\/p>\n
There is a small sub-type of the 2nd declension –us <\/b>noun where the nominative singular (the vocabulary form) ends in –er<\/b>. Minister<\/i> and arbiter <\/i>are English words that have kept their original Latin form. Another Latin noun of this type was magister<\/b>, \u201cteacher,\u201d \u201c(school-)master.\u201d Through Old French maiestre<\/i> this word became master; <\/i>the modern French ma\u00eetre<\/i> is also used in English as ma\u00eetre d\u2019h\u00f4tel <\/i>or ma\u00eetre d\u2019.<\/i> Doublets of master<\/i> are mister, Mr., <\/i>and maestro, <\/i>the Italian derivative. A 1st declension feminine counterpart, magistra<\/b>, became Old French maiestresse<\/i>, whence English mistress<\/i>, Mrs<\/i>., Miss<\/i>, and Ms<\/i>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 2: The Latin Noun (Declensions 1 & 2)","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-500","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":442,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2059,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/500\/revisions\/2059"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/442"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/500\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=500"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=500"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}