{"id":618,"date":"2016-07-22T15:16:20","date_gmt":"2016-07-22T19:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&p=618"},"modified":"2017-06-15T19:16:49","modified_gmt":"2017-06-15T23:16:49","slug":"27-latin-adjectives-3-declension-type","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/27-latin-adjectives-3-declension-type\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a727. Latin Adjectives: 3rd Declension Type","rendered":"\u00a727. Latin Adjectives: 3rd Declension Type"},"content":{"raw":"

Although the great majority of Latin adjectives are of the 1st and 2nd declension type, there is a substantial number that belong to the 3rd declension. (You can rest assured that all Latin adjectives are of one type or the other; the 4th and 5th declensions consist only of nouns.) Like 3rd declension nouns, 3rd declension adjectives lack a predictable, easily recognized ending. However, since their vocabulary forms never end in -us<\/b>, -a<\/b>, or -um<\/b>, they aren\u2019t likely to get confused with the 1st and 2nd declension type. Most of the examples that we\u2019re going to meet share a common masculine and feminine -is<\/b> ending, like brevis<\/b>, \u201cshort\u201d (> E brief)<\/i>. This particular subtype has a neuter singular form that ends in -e<\/b> (here, breve<\/b>); because that fact is not really essential for our purposes, only one form will be given in our word-lists for adjectives like brevis<\/b> or fortis<\/b>. As in the case of the noun finis<\/b>, their BASE may be found very easily by taking off the final -is<\/b>. If you ever see a 3rd declension adjective listed in this book with two forms, like audax<\/b>, audacis<\/b>, you can assume that the second form is the genitive, and that the base is the part of the word that precedes the final -is<\/b>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Table 4.2 LATIN 3RD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES<\/strong><\/caption>\r\n
brevis<\/b><\/td>\r\nshort, brief<\/td>\r\ngrandis<\/b><\/td>\r\ngreat, large<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
levis<\/b><\/td>\r\nlight<\/td>\r\ngravis<\/b><\/td>\r\nheavy, grave<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
fortis<\/b><\/td>\r\nstrong, brave<\/td>\r\nsimilis<\/b><\/td>\r\nlike<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

This straightforward list shouldn\u2019t cause much trouble. Notice the adjective grandis <\/b>(> E grand)<\/i>, which is roughly synonymous with the 1st and 2nd declension magnus. <\/b>Throughout antiquity, magnus<\/b> was always the standard word for \u201cbig,\u201d occurring far more often in Latin literature than grandis<\/b>. In \u201cvulgar\u201d or popular Latin, however, grandis<\/b> became the word of choice, gaining such currency that eventually it squeezed magnus<\/b> out of common use. For this reason, it was grandis<\/b> that supplied the everyday words for \u201cbig\u201d in the Romance languages.<\/p>","rendered":"

Although the great majority of Latin adjectives are of the 1st and 2nd declension type, there is a substantial number that belong to the 3rd declension. (You can rest assured that all Latin adjectives are of one type or the other; the 4th and 5th declensions consist only of nouns.) Like 3rd declension nouns, 3rd declension adjectives lack a predictable, easily recognized ending. However, since their vocabulary forms never end in –us<\/b>, –a<\/b>, or –um<\/b>, they aren\u2019t likely to get confused with the 1st and 2nd declension type. Most of the examples that we\u2019re going to meet share a common masculine and feminine –is<\/b> ending, like brevis<\/b>, \u201cshort\u201d (> E brief)<\/i>. This particular subtype has a neuter singular form that ends in –e<\/b> (here, breve<\/b>); because that fact is not really essential for our purposes, only one form will be given in our word-lists for adjectives like brevis<\/b> or fortis<\/b>. As in the case of the noun finis<\/b>, their BASE may be found very easily by taking off the final -is<\/b>. If you ever see a 3rd declension adjective listed in this book with two forms, like audax<\/b>, audacis<\/b>, you can assume that the second form is the genitive, and that the base is the part of the word that precedes the final -is<\/b>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 4.2 LATIN 3RD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES<\/strong><\/caption>\n
brevis<\/b><\/td>\nshort, brief<\/td>\ngrandis<\/b><\/td>\ngreat, large<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
levis<\/b><\/td>\nlight<\/td>\ngravis<\/b><\/td>\nheavy, grave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
fortis<\/b><\/td>\nstrong, brave<\/td>\nsimilis<\/b><\/td>\nlike<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

This straightforward list shouldn\u2019t cause much trouble. Notice the adjective grandis <\/b>(> E grand)<\/i>, which is roughly synonymous with the 1st and 2nd declension magnus. <\/b>Throughout antiquity, magnus<\/b> was always the standard word for \u201cbig,\u201d occurring far more often in Latin literature than grandis<\/b>. In \u201cvulgar\u201d or popular Latin, however, grandis<\/b> became the word of choice, gaining such currency that eventually it squeezed magnus<\/b> out of common use. For this reason, it was grandis<\/b> that supplied the everyday words for \u201cbig\u201d in the Romance languages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 4: Simple Latin Adjectives","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-618","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":580,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/618","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/618\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2079,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/618\/revisions\/2079"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/580"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/618\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=618"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=618"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}