{"id":657,"date":"2016-07-29T20:02:23","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T00:02:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&p=657"},"modified":"2016-11-23T19:41:37","modified_gmt":"2016-11-24T00:41:37","slug":"%c2%a747-the-latin-suffix-itudo-e-itude","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a747-the-latin-suffix-itudo-e-itude\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a747. The Latin suffix -ITUDO (> E -itude)","rendered":"\u00a747. The Latin suffix -ITUDO (> E -itude)"},"content":{"raw":"

Although -itudo<\/b> is a less productive Latin noun-forming suffix than -itas<\/b>, it has exactly the same function and meaning. There appears to be no logical reason why the Latin language attached -itas<\/b> to some adjectives and -itudo<\/b> to others. You will easily recognize -itudo<\/b> as the source of English nouns that end in -itude<\/i>. Many of these have come directly from Latin, and others through French; a few are modern coinages on the analogy of those older forms. Again, the examples speak for themselves:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
L<\/td>\r\ngratus<\/strong> (\u201cthankful\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\ngratitudo<\/strong> (\u201cthankfulness\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\nE<\/td>\r\ngratitude<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\nlatus<\/strong> (\u201cwide\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\nlatitudo<\/strong> (\u201cwidth\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nlatitude<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\nlongus<\/strong> (\u201clong\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\nlongitudo<\/strong> (\u201clength\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nlongitude<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\naltus<\/strong> (\u201chigh\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\naltitudo<\/strong> (\u201cheight\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\naltitude<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\nmagnus<\/strong> (\u201cgreat\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\nmagnitudo<\/strong> (\u201cgreatness\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nmagnitude<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\nsolus<\/strong> (\u201calone\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\nsolitudo<\/strong> (\u201cloneliness\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nsolitude<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\nfortis<\/strong> (\u201cstrong\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\nfortitudo<\/strong> (\u201cstrength\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nfortitude<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\nsimilis<\/strong> (\u201clike\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\nsimilitudo<\/strong> (\u201clikeness\u201d)<\/td>\r\n><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\nsimilitude<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

Sometimes this suffix could be attached to a part of speech other than an adjective. The noun servus<\/b> (\u201cslave\u201d) gave rise to the abstract noun servitudo<\/b> (\u201cslavery\u201d) > E servitude<\/i>. There is an odd-looking Latin adverb vicissim<\/b>, that means \u201cin turn\u201d; this produced the Latin noun vicissitudo<\/b> and the wonderful English word vicissitude<\/i>, which is applied to the alternating turns of human fortune. Plenitude<\/i> is a learned synonym for \u201cfullness,\u201d and is derived regularly from Latin plenitudo<\/b> < plenus<\/b> (\u201cfull\u201d). It is also the trademark for a facial cream (to get that full-fed appearance?). In later antiquity, there was a variant noun form plenitas<\/b>, which is the origin of E plenty<\/i> (as modified by French). A declining awareness of Latin in our own day is perhaps rendering obsolete such English words as rectitude<\/i> (\u201cuprightness\u201d), pulchritude <\/i>(\u201cbeauty\u201d), and lassitude <\/i>(\u201cweariness\u201d)\u2014though teachers can still be dismissed for moral<\/i> turpitude <\/i>(\u201cfoulness of character\u201d). One polysyllabic Latin derivative is still widely used and understood, however; that is the compound noun verisimilitude<\/i>, from ver-i-simil-itudo<\/b> (\u201clikeness to the truth\u201d).<\/p>","rendered":"

Although -itudo<\/b> is a less productive Latin noun-forming suffix than -itas<\/b>, it has exactly the same function and meaning. There appears to be no logical reason why the Latin language attached -itas<\/b> to some adjectives and -itudo<\/b> to others. You will easily recognize -itudo<\/b> as the source of English nouns that end in -itude<\/i>. Many of these have come directly from Latin, and others through French; a few are modern coinages on the analogy of those older forms. Again, the examples speak for themselves:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
L<\/td>\ngratus<\/strong> (\u201cthankful\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\ngratitudo<\/strong> (\u201cthankfulness\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\nE<\/td>\ngratitude<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nlatus<\/strong> (\u201cwide\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\nlatitudo<\/strong> (\u201cwidth\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/td>\nlatitude<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nlongus<\/strong> (\u201clong\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\nlongitudo<\/strong> (\u201clength\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/td>\nlongitude<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\naltus<\/strong> (\u201chigh\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\naltitudo<\/strong> (\u201cheight\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/td>\naltitude<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nmagnus<\/strong> (\u201cgreat\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\nmagnitudo<\/strong> (\u201cgreatness\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/td>\nmagnitude<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nsolus<\/strong> (\u201calone\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\nsolitudo<\/strong> (\u201cloneliness\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/td>\nsolitude<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nfortis<\/strong> (\u201cstrong\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\nfortitudo<\/strong> (\u201cstrength\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/td>\nfortitude<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nsimilis<\/strong> (\u201clike\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\nsimilitudo<\/strong> (\u201clikeness\u201d)<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/td>\nsimilitude<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Sometimes this suffix could be attached to a part of speech other than an adjective. The noun servus<\/b> (\u201cslave\u201d) gave rise to the abstract noun servitudo<\/b> (\u201cslavery\u201d) > E servitude<\/i>. There is an odd-looking Latin adverb vicissim<\/b>, that means \u201cin turn\u201d; this produced the Latin noun vicissitudo<\/b> and the wonderful English word vicissitude<\/i>, which is applied to the alternating turns of human fortune. Plenitude<\/i> is a learned synonym for \u201cfullness,\u201d and is derived regularly from Latin plenitudo<\/b> < plenus<\/b> (\u201cfull\u201d). It is also the trademark for a facial cream (to get that full-fed appearance?). In later antiquity, there was a variant noun form plenitas<\/b>, which is the origin of E plenty<\/i> (as modified by French). A declining awareness of Latin in our own day is perhaps rendering obsolete such English words as rectitude<\/i> (\u201cuprightness\u201d), pulchritude <\/i>(\u201cbeauty\u201d), and lassitude <\/i>(\u201cweariness\u201d)\u2014though teachers can still be dismissed for moral<\/i> turpitude <\/i>(\u201cfoulness of character\u201d). One polysyllabic Latin derivative is still widely used and understood, however; that is the compound noun verisimilitude<\/i>, from ver-i-simil-itudo<\/b> (\u201clikeness to the truth\u201d).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 6: Turning Latin Adjectives into Nouns","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-657","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":582,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1858,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/657\/revisions\/1858"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/582"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/657\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=657"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=657"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}