By way of preamble, let us see what happens in English when we want to turn simple nouns into corresponding adjectives. What English word expresses the concept \u201clike a man,\u201d or \u201clike a child,\u201d or \u201clike a horse\u201d? How do we say that something resembles blood, or has the qualities of milk or water? How does our English language convey in one word an idea such as \u201cfull of sin\u201d or \u201cfull of woe\u201d? The following English examples will be drawn from Germanic word roots and Germanic suffixes, so as to provide useful parallels. If you understand the semantic and morphological process for native English words, you will cope more easily with the parallel situation in Latin.<\/p>\r\n
There are at least five common methods for turning a native English noun into an adjective, all involving standard Germanic suffixes:<\/p>\r\n\r\n
Suffixes like -y, -ly, -ish, -some, <\/i>and -ful <\/i> do have subtle differences in meaning, but these historical distinctions would seem quite academic to the average speaker of English. The situation that we\u2019ll encounter in Latin is closely parallel: slight variations in meaning or usage can be identified among the common adjective-forming suffixes, but these weren\u2019t likely apparent even to educated Romans. The common functional purpose that the suffixes share\u2014creating adjectives from nouns\u2014is far more important than any semantic connotations they may have. Latin normally applied only one adjectival suffix to any given noun; there are few Latin parallels for English pairs like manly<\/i> and mannish<\/i>, handy<\/i> and handsome<\/i>, awful<\/i> and aw(e)some<\/i>. One feature that you will find reassuring about Latin adjective-forming suffixes is that their English derivatives are mainly consistent and logical. To put it another way, you will be able to predict with confidence the Latin source-words for hundreds of English adjectives that have been derived from Latin.<\/p>\r\n ","rendered":"
By way of preamble, let us see what happens in English when we want to turn simple nouns into corresponding adjectives. What English word expresses the concept \u201clike a man,\u201d or \u201clike a child,\u201d or \u201clike a horse\u201d? How do we say that something resembles blood, or has the qualities of milk or water? How does our English language convey in one word an idea such as \u201cfull of sin\u201d or \u201cfull of woe\u201d? The following English examples will be drawn from Germanic word roots and Germanic suffixes, so as to provide useful parallels. If you understand the semantic and morphological process for native English words, you will cope more easily with the parallel situation in Latin.<\/p>\n
There are at least five common methods for turning a native English noun into an adjective, all involving standard Germanic suffixes:<\/p>\n
Suffixes like -y, -ly, -ish, -some, <\/i>and -ful <\/i> do have subtle differences in meaning, but these historical distinctions would seem quite academic to the average speaker of English. The situation that we\u2019ll encounter in Latin is closely parallel: slight variations in meaning or usage can be identified among the common adjective-forming suffixes, but these weren\u2019t likely apparent even to educated Romans. The common functional purpose that the suffixes share\u2014creating adjectives from nouns\u2014is far more important than any semantic connotations they may have. Latin normally applied only one adjectival suffix to any given noun; there are few Latin parallels for English pairs like manly<\/i> and mannish<\/i>, handy<\/i> and handsome<\/i>, awful<\/i> and aw(e)some<\/i>. One feature that you will find reassuring about Latin adjective-forming suffixes is that their English derivatives are mainly consistent and logical. To put it another way, you will be able to predict with confidence the Latin source-words for hundreds of English adjectives that have been derived from Latin.<\/p>\n
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