{"id":675,"date":"2016-07-29T20:25:36","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T00:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&p=675"},"modified":"2017-06-15T19:23:22","modified_gmt":"2017-06-15T23:23:22","slug":"%c2%a736-the-latin-suffix-ilis-e-ile-or-il","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a736-the-latin-suffix-ilis-e-ile-or-il\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a736. The Latin suffix -ILIS (> E -ile or -il)","rendered":"\u00a736. The Latin suffix -ILIS (> E -ile or -il)"},"content":{"raw":"

In contrast to the huge category that we have just met, there is a rather small number of Latin adjectives formed by adding the suffix\u00a0-\u012blis<\/b> <\/span>to the noun base. These regularly appear in English as words ending in -ile<\/i>, occasionally in -il<\/i>. Most conspicuous, perhaps, are the adjectives relating to the periods of human life (especially, a man\u2019s life). The Latin word for a baby was infans, infant-is<\/b>; \u201clike a baby\u201d was infant-ilis<\/b>, whence English infantile<\/i>. Because \u201cboy\u201d was puer<\/b> (a 2nd declension subtype), \u201cboyish\u201d was puer-ilis<\/b> (E puerile)<\/i>. From juvenis<\/b> (\u201cyoung man\u201d) came juven-ilis<\/b> (E juvenile). <\/i>The noun vir <\/b>(\u201cman\u201d) produced the adjective vir-ilis<\/b> (E virile)<\/i>, and senex, sen-is <\/b>(\u201cold man\u201d) yielded sen-ilis<\/b> (E. senile)<\/i>. There was also a Latin adjective to describe an old woman\u2014anilis<\/b>, from the noun \u0103<\/b>nus<\/b> (pronounced differently in Latin from \u0101nus <\/b>[E anus<\/i>], a word that the Romans considered crude). There does exist an English word anile<\/i> (\u201clike an old woman\u201d), but its rareness is probably the result of its similarity to anal<\/i> (< analis<\/b>, < \u0101<\/b>nus<\/b>).<\/p>\r\n

Outside of this coherent little group, there are only a few important -ilis <\/b>derivatives of this type in English: servile<\/i> (\u201clike a slave\u201d) < servilis<\/b> < servus<\/b>; hostile<\/i> (\u201clike an enemy\u201d) < hostilis<\/b> < hostis<\/b>; civil<\/i> (\u201cpertaining to a citizen\u201d) < civilis<\/b> < civis<\/b>; and gentile<\/i> (\u201cpertaining to the nations\u201d) < gentilis<\/b> < gens, gent-is <\/b>(\u201cclan,\u201d \u201crace\u201d). The last, of course, has had its English meaning specialized to \u201cnon-Jewish,\u201d from the Biblical contrast between the Jews and the gentiles. Gentile<\/i> has three rather curious DOUBLETS\u2014gentle<\/i>, genteel<\/i>, and jaunty<\/i>, all transmitted and influenced by French gentil<\/i>.<\/p>","rendered":"

In contrast to the huge category that we have just met, there is a rather small number of Latin adjectives formed by adding the suffix\u00a0-\u012blis<\/b> <\/span>to the noun base. These regularly appear in English as words ending in –ile<\/i>, occasionally in –il<\/i>. Most conspicuous, perhaps, are the adjectives relating to the periods of human life (especially, a man\u2019s life). The Latin word for a baby was infans, infant-is<\/b>; \u201clike a baby\u201d was infant-ilis<\/b>, whence English infantile<\/i>. Because \u201cboy\u201d was puer<\/b> (a 2nd declension subtype), \u201cboyish\u201d was puer-ilis<\/b> (E puerile)<\/i>. From juvenis<\/b> (\u201cyoung man\u201d) came juven-ilis<\/b> (E juvenile). <\/i>The noun vir <\/b>(\u201cman\u201d) produced the adjective vir-ilis<\/b> (E virile)<\/i>, and senex, sen-is <\/b>(\u201cold man\u201d) yielded sen-ilis<\/b> (E. senile)<\/i>. There was also a Latin adjective to describe an old woman\u2014anilis<\/b>, from the noun \u0103<\/b>nus<\/b> (pronounced differently in Latin from \u0101nus <\/b>[E anus<\/i>], a word that the Romans considered crude). There does exist an English word anile<\/i> (\u201clike an old woman\u201d), but its rareness is probably the result of its similarity to anal<\/i> (< analis<\/b>, < \u0101<\/b>nus<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Outside of this coherent little group, there are only a few important –ilis <\/b>derivatives of this type in English: servile<\/i> (\u201clike a slave\u201d) < servilis<\/b> < servus<\/b>; hostile<\/i> (\u201clike an enemy\u201d) < hostilis<\/b> < hostis<\/b>; civil<\/i> (\u201cpertaining to a citizen\u201d) < civilis<\/b> < civis<\/b>; and gentile<\/i> (\u201cpertaining to the nations\u201d) < gentilis<\/b> < gens, gent-is <\/b>(\u201cclan,\u201d \u201crace\u201d). The last, of course, has had its English meaning specialized to \u201cnon-Jewish,\u201d from the Biblical contrast between the Jews and the gentiles. Gentile<\/i> has three rather curious DOUBLETS\u2014gentle<\/i>, genteel<\/i>, and jaunty<\/i>, all transmitted and influenced by French gentil<\/i>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 5: Turning Latin Nouns into Adjectives","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-675","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":581,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2085,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/675\/revisions\/2085"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/581"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/675\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=675"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=675"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}