{"id":681,"date":"2016-07-29T20:29:41","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T00:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&p=681"},"modified":"2016-12-14T19:07:37","modified_gmt":"2016-12-15T00:07:37","slug":"%c2%a739-the-latin-suffix-osus-e-ous-ose","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a739-the-latin-suffix-osus-e-ous-ose\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a739. The Latin suffix -OSUS (> E -ous, -ose)","rendered":"\u00a739. The Latin suffix -OSUS (> E -ous, -ose)"},"content":{"raw":"

Here, for the first time, we meet a Latin adjective-forming suffix that has a somewhat more precise meaning than \u201cpertaining to\u201d or \u201clike a -----.\u201d It is a very productive Latin morpheme, creating a considerable number of English derivatives and influencing many others. The suffix is -\u014dsus<\/strong>, which regularly meant \u201cfull of.\u201d Latin adjectives in -osus<\/b> appear in English in one of two forms, -ous<\/i> or -ose<\/i>.<\/p>\r\n

A<\/b>. In the following examples, arranged by declension number, the English derivatives in -ous<\/i> still convey the meaning \u201cfull of\u201d; a few Germanic counterparts are supplied:<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
1st<\/td>\r\nfam-osus<\/b> (famous),<\/i> glori-osus<\/b> (glorious),<\/i> fabul-osus<\/b> (fabulous)<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2nd<\/td>\r\nnumer-osus<\/b> (numerous)<\/i>, odi-osus<\/b> (odious <\/i>= \u201chateful\u201d), taedi-osus<\/b> (tedious<\/i> = \u201ctiresome,\u201d \u201cwearisome\u201d)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3rd<\/td>\r\namor-osus<\/b> (amorous)<\/i>, odor-osus<\/b> (odorous <\/i>= \u201csmelly\u201d), oner-osus<\/b> (onerous <\/i>= \u201cburdensome\u201d), gener-osus<\/b> (generous),<\/i> lumin-osus<\/b> (luminous)<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4th<\/td>\r\nsinu-osus<\/b> (sinuous)<\/i>, sensu-osus<\/b> (sensuous); <\/i>cf. <\/i>sen<\/b>sualis > <\/b>sensual<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
5th<\/td>\r\nspeci-osus<\/b> (specious); <\/i>cf. <\/i>speci-alis<\/b> > special<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

The immediate predecessor of the English suffix -ous<\/i> was the Old French -os<\/i>, -us<\/i> (Modern French -eux, -euse)<\/i>. Because -ous<\/i> became so common an adjective ending in English, it was attached to other Latin derivatives that had never been -osus<\/b> words\u2014words like aqueous<\/i> (L aqueus<\/b>), various<\/i> (L varius<\/b>), arduous (L arduus<\/b>) and tenuous<\/i> (L tenuis<\/b>). You can find out a lot about suffixes like -ous <\/i>from a good English dictionary, especially the Oxford English Dictionary<\/i>. Just look up the morpheme under -ous<\/i>.<\/p>\r\n

B<\/b>. The other type of -osus<\/b> derivative appears in English as an adjective in -ose<\/i>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n

E verbose <\/i>(< L verbosus<\/b> < verbum<\/b>) <\/i>= \u201cfull of words\u201d<\/i>
<\/i>E jocose<\/i> (< L jocosus<\/b> < jocus<\/b>) = \u201cfull of jokes\u201d
E lachrymose<\/i> or lacrimose<\/i> (< L lacrimosus<\/b> < lacrima<\/b>) = \u201cfull of tears\u201d[footnote] This word is traditionally spelled lachrymose<\/em>, but Latin students may prefer the alternative and equally correct form, lacrimose<\/em>, which is based on the original spelling of lacrimosus<\/strong>.[\/footnote]<\/div>\r\n ","rendered":"

Here, for the first time, we meet a Latin adjective-forming suffix that has a somewhat more precise meaning than \u201cpertaining to\u201d or \u201clike a —–.\u201d It is a very productive Latin morpheme, creating a considerable number of English derivatives and influencing many others. The suffix is -\u014dsus<\/strong>, which regularly meant \u201cfull of.\u201d Latin adjectives in –osus<\/b> appear in English in one of two forms, –ous<\/i> or –ose<\/i>.<\/p>\n

A<\/b>. In the following examples, arranged by declension number, the English derivatives in –ous<\/i> still convey the meaning \u201cfull of\u201d; a few Germanic counterparts are supplied:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1st<\/td>\nfam-osus<\/b> (famous),<\/i> glori-osus<\/b> (glorious),<\/i> fabul-osus<\/b> (fabulous)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2nd<\/td>\nnumer-osus<\/b> (numerous)<\/i>, odi-osus<\/b> (odious <\/i>= \u201chateful\u201d), taedi-osus<\/b> (tedious<\/i> = \u201ctiresome,\u201d \u201cwearisome\u201d)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3rd<\/td>\namor-osus<\/b> (amorous)<\/i>, odor-osus<\/b> (odorous <\/i>= \u201csmelly\u201d), oner-osus<\/b> (onerous <\/i>= \u201cburdensome\u201d), gener-osus<\/b> (generous),<\/i> lumin-osus<\/b> (luminous)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4th<\/td>\nsinu-osus<\/b> (sinuous)<\/i>, sensu-osus<\/b> (sensuous); <\/i>cf. <\/i>sen<\/b>sualis > <\/b>sensual<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5th<\/td>\nspeci-osus<\/b> (specious); <\/i>cf. <\/i>speci-alis<\/b> > special<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

The immediate predecessor of the English suffix –ous<\/i> was the Old French –os<\/i>, –us<\/i> (Modern French –eux, -euse)<\/i>. Because –ous<\/i> became so common an adjective ending in English, it was attached to other Latin derivatives that had never been -osus<\/b> words\u2014words like aqueous<\/i> (L aqueus<\/b>), various<\/i> (L varius<\/b>), arduous (L arduus<\/b>) and tenuous<\/i> (L tenuis<\/b>). You can find out a lot about suffixes like –ous <\/i>from a good English dictionary, especially the Oxford English Dictionary<\/i>. Just look up the morpheme under –ous<\/i>.<\/p>\n

B<\/b>. The other type of –osus<\/b> derivative appears in English as an adjective in –ose<\/i>:<\/p>\n

E verbose <\/i>(< L verbosus<\/b> < verbum<\/b>) <\/i>= \u201cfull of words\u201d<\/i>
<\/i>E jocose<\/i> (< L jocosus<\/b> < jocus<\/b>) = \u201cfull of jokes\u201d
E lachrymose<\/i> or lacrimose<\/i> (< L lacrimosus<\/b> < lacrima<\/b>) = \u201cfull of tears\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

  1. This word is traditionally spelled lachrymose<\/em>, but Latin students may prefer the alternative and equally correct form, lacrimose<\/em>, which is based on the original spelling of lacrimosus<\/strong>. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 5: Turning Latin Nouns into Adjectives","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-681","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":581,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/681\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2030,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/681\/revisions\/2030"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/581"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/681\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=681"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=681"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}