{"id":707,"date":"2016-07-29T20:48:50","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T00:48:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=707"},"modified":"2016-12-01T13:42:12","modified_gmt":"2016-12-01T18:42:12","slug":"%c2%a759-a-summary-of-latin-prefixes","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a759-a-summary-of-latin-prefixes\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a759. A Summary of Latin Prefixes","rendered":"\u00a759. A Summary of Latin Prefixes"},"content":{"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">The time has come to present a summary of the most common Latin prefixes, including several that have not yet been mentioned. The table on the next page is intended mainly for future reference, since Latin prefixes are most closely associated with verb vocabulary. You should learn to recognize them in a general fashion now; their use will become much clearer as you work through the chapters that follow.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table class=\"undefined aligncenter\" width=\"550\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 25%;text-align: center\" width=\"25%\"><strong>LATIN PREFIX<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"35%\"><strong>ENGLISH TRANSLATION<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"20%\">Intensive?[footnote] The Latin prefixes identified in this column can at times merely intensify or strengthen the meaning of a verb. If a prefix has this INTENSIVE force, its customary meaning will not likely be apparent.[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"900px\">Altered form[footnote] This column shows the altered form that some prefixes may take after transmission through French.[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>a- ab- abs-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">(away) from<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>ad-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">to, toward<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>ante-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">before<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>circum-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">around<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>con- co-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">with, together<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>contra-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">against<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">counter-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>de-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">down; off, away<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>di- dis-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">apart, asunder, in two<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>e- ex-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">out (of)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">s-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>extra-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">outside<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>in-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">in(to), against; not<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">en-, em-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>inter-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">between, among<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>intra- intro-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">within, inside<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>ob-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">against, face-to-face<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>per-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">through; to the bad<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>post-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">after<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>prae-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">before, ahead; surpassing<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">pre-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>pro-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">before; forward<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">pur-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>re- red-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">back, again<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>retro-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">back(ward)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>se-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">apart<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>sub-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">under<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>super-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">over, above<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">sur-<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>trans-<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">across<\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">It may be helpful to comment on a few of the more important Latin prefixes not yet discussed. One of these is <b>prae- <\/b>(\u201cbefore,\u201d \u201cahead\u201d), which always assumes the English form of <i>pre-<\/i>, as in the word <i>prefix<\/i> itself. In Latin, <b>prae-<\/b> is a close synonym of <b>ante-<\/b>, meaning \u201cbefore\u201d either in time or in place. When combined with the noun <b>via<\/b>, it provides the source of the English adjective <i>previous<\/i> (L <b>prae-vi-us<\/b>, \u201cahead on the road\u201d).<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">Another common form is <b>ob- <\/b>(\u201cagainst\u201d), a prefix that suggests a collision course: if something is <i>obvious<\/i> (L <b>ob-vi-us<\/b>), it is on the road directly in front of you. Rather different in meaning is <b>contra<\/b>-; though it also means \u201cagainst,\u201d it suggests a deliberate opposition of will or purpose. Watch out for assimilation in the case of <b>ob-<\/b>: we have just met it in the word <i>opposition<\/i>, and we\u2019ll see it also in words like <i>occur<\/i> and <i>offer<\/i>.<\/p>","rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">The time has come to present a summary of the most common Latin prefixes, including several that have not yet been mentioned. The table on the next page is intended mainly for future reference, since Latin prefixes are most closely associated with verb vocabulary. You should learn to recognize them in a general fashion now; their use will become much clearer as you work through the chapters that follow.<\/p>\n<table class=\"undefined aligncenter\" style=\"width: 550px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 25%;text-align: center; width: 25%;\"><strong>LATIN PREFIX<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 35%;\"><strong>ENGLISH TRANSLATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 20%;\">Intensive?<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"The Latin prefixes identified in this column can at times merely intensify or strengthen the meaning of a verb. If a prefix has this INTENSIVE force, its customary meaning will not likely be apparent.\" id=\"return-footnote-707-1\" href=\"#footnote-707-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 900px;\">Altered form<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"This column shows the altered form that some prefixes may take after transmission through French.\" id=\"return-footnote-707-2\" href=\"#footnote-707-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>a- ab- abs-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">(away) from<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>ad-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">to, toward<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>ante-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">before<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>circum-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">around<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>con- co-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">with, together<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>contra-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">against<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">counter-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>de-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">down; off, away<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>di- dis-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">apart, asunder, in two<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>e- ex-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">out (of)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">s-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>extra-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">outside<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>in-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">in(to), against; not<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">en-, em-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>inter-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">between, among<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>intra- intro-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">within, inside<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>ob-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">against, face-to-face<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>per-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">through; to the bad<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>post-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">after<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>prae-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">before, ahead; surpassing<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">pre-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>pro-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">before; forward<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">pur-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>re- red-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">back, again<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>retro-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">back(ward)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>se-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">apart<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>sub-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">under<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>super-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">over, above<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\">sur-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>trans-<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">across<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">It may be helpful to comment on a few of the more important Latin prefixes not yet discussed. One of these is <b>prae- <\/b>(\u201cbefore,\u201d \u201cahead\u201d), which always assumes the English form of <i>pre-<\/i>, as in the word <i>prefix<\/i> itself. In Latin, <b>prae-<\/b> is a close synonym of <b>ante-<\/b>, meaning \u201cbefore\u201d either in time or in place. When combined with the noun <b>via<\/b>, it provides the source of the English adjective <i>previous<\/i> (L <b>prae-vi-us<\/b>, \u201cahead on the road\u201d).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">Another common form is <b>ob- <\/b>(\u201cagainst\u201d), a prefix that suggests a collision course: if something is <i>obvious<\/i> (L <b>ob-vi-us<\/b>), it is on the road directly in front of you. Rather different in meaning is <b>contra<\/b>-; though it also means \u201cagainst,\u201d it suggests a deliberate opposition of will or purpose. Watch out for assimilation in the case of <b>ob-<\/b>: we have just met it in the word <i>opposition<\/i>, and we\u2019ll see it also in words like <i>occur<\/i> and <i>offer<\/i>.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-707-1\"> The Latin prefixes identified in this column can at times merely intensify or strengthen the meaning of a verb. If a prefix has this INTENSIVE force, its customary meaning will not likely be apparent. <a href=\"#return-footnote-707-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-707-2\"> This column shows the altered form that some prefixes may take after transmission through French. <a href=\"#return-footnote-707-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 8: Latin Prefixes","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-707","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":584,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1952,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/707\/revisions\/1952"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/584"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/707\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=707"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=707"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}