In a course of this kind, where the sole objective is gaining insight into English words, it may not be crucially important to remember Latin verbs by conjugation number; that knowledge is admittedly of less practical value than remembering the declension groups of Latin nouns. However, when we come to look at other Latin verb forms, such as present participles and gerundives, you will probably find it helpful to be able to associate Latin verb vocabulary with these numbered categories.<\/p>\r\n
The Latin 4th conjugation always has an infinitive in -<\/b>i\u0305<\/strong>re<\/b>, like aud\u00ed<\/b>re<\/b> or ven\u00ed<\/b>re<\/b>. This easily recognized form, therefore, makes it parallel to the 1st in -\u0101<\/b>re<\/b> and the 2nd in -<\/b>\u0113<\/strong><\/b>re. <\/b> Once again, unhappily, there is no predictable perfect participle. What is most noticeable about the fourth conjugation is the persistence of that vowel -i-<\/b> in many of its forms\u2014in audi\u0320<\/b><\/b>o<\/b> (\u201cI hear\u201d), for instance, and the English words aud<\/i>i\u0320<\/b><\/em>enc<\/i>e<\/i>, sal<\/i>i\u0320<\/b>ent<\/i>, or conven<\/i>i\u0320<\/b>ence<\/i>.<\/p>\r\n There is a small but important subtype of 3rd conjugation verbs that can be described as having an \u201ci-stem,\u201d because they also show that same persistent vowel.[footnote] If we were learning all four principal parts, the contrast between the regular 3rd conjugation verb and this special subtype would be more apparent. Compare the first principal part of ago, agere, egi, actus<\/strong> with that of capio, capere, cepi, captus,<\/strong> or facio, facere, feci, factus<\/strong>.[\/footnote] To judge them by the evidence of their English derivatives, they appear more closely associated with the 4th conjugation than with the 3rd. For this reason, they are included on Table 9.4<\/a> with the 4th conjugation type. They include capere<\/b> and facere<\/b> , which may be the most productive of all Latin verbs, from the standpoint of English vocabulary. The \u201ci-stem\u201d deponent verbs gradi<\/b> and pati<\/b> are also very important; it may help to remember them with words like gradient, aggression<\/i> and patient, passion<\/i>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n