{"id":727,"date":"2016-07-29T21:01:59","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T01:01:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&p=727"},"modified":"2016-11-30T13:36:45","modified_gmt":"2016-11-30T18:36:45","slug":"%c2%a768-how-can-verbs-become-other-parts-of-speech","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a768-how-can-verbs-become-other-parts-of-speech\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a768. How Can Verbs Become Other Parts of Speech?","rendered":"\u00a768. How Can Verbs Become Other Parts of Speech?"},"content":{"raw":"

As you will have come to expect by now, Latin has various systematic ways of transforming verbs into other parts of speech. In these new Latin words, the semantic action of the original verb will still be evident; but instead of having a purely verbal function, such as \u201ccarry,\u201d \u201chear,\u201d \u201cteach,\u201d \u201cfeel,\u201d or \u201cmake,\u201d the word will now convey some additional meaning, like \u201cthe act of carrying\u201d or \u201cable to be heard\u201d or \u201cthe person who teaches\u201d or \u201cthe state of feeling\u201d or \u201ca thing made.\u201d In its native Germanic tradition, English is quite limited in its capacity to form new parts of speech this way. For just that reason, vast numbers of Latin verb derivatives have been borrowed over the centuries, to become basic and indispensable English words. If you can learn to understand the relationship between these words and the Latin verbs from which they arose, you will begin to control enormous categories of English vocabulary.<\/p>\r\n

A good many of these verb-derived categories consist of standard Latin noun types, which English has borrowed with only minor adaptations. Because they are standard, they are consistent and predictable. If you know a particular Latin verb such as c<\/b>apere<\/b>, captus<\/b>, you will be able with some confidence to construct its related noun forms\u2014captio<\/b>, captura<\/b>, captor<\/b>; and then, no doubt, you will spot the connection between those forms and a variety of English words. Soon you will be able to reverse the procedure, predicting the Latin etymon of any English noun that belongs to a familiar type.<\/p>\r\n

All this verb manipulation will involve one or other of the two key forms that we met in Chapter 9 (\u00a762<\/a>)\u2014the present infinitive and the perfect participle. The PERFECT PARTICIPLE<\/strong> <\/b>is particularly useful as an instrument for creating Latin nouns, either by itself or as a base to which various suffixes may be added. To obtain the base of any Latin perfect participle, just remove the -us <\/b>ending. The Latin perfect participle is actually a 1st and 2nd declension adjective in -us, -a, -um<\/b>. The form mutatus<\/b>, for example, is a verbal derivative that means \u201cchanged\u201d, and it can be used as a pure adjective in phrases such as vir mutatus<\/b>, \u201ca changed man,\u201d or femina mutata<\/b>, \u201ca changed woman.\u201d<\/p>","rendered":"

As you will have come to expect by now, Latin has various systematic ways of transforming verbs into other parts of speech. In these new Latin words, the semantic action of the original verb will still be evident; but instead of having a purely verbal function, such as \u201ccarry,\u201d \u201chear,\u201d \u201cteach,\u201d \u201cfeel,\u201d or \u201cmake,\u201d the word will now convey some additional meaning, like \u201cthe act of carrying\u201d or \u201cable to be heard\u201d or \u201cthe person who teaches\u201d or \u201cthe state of feeling\u201d or \u201ca thing made.\u201d In its native Germanic tradition, English is quite limited in its capacity to form new parts of speech this way. For just that reason, vast numbers of Latin verb derivatives have been borrowed over the centuries, to become basic and indispensable English words. If you can learn to understand the relationship between these words and the Latin verbs from which they arose, you will begin to control enormous categories of English vocabulary.<\/p>\n

A good many of these verb-derived categories consist of standard Latin noun types, which English has borrowed with only minor adaptations. Because they are standard, they are consistent and predictable. If you know a particular Latin verb such as c<\/b>apere<\/b>, captus<\/b>, you will be able with some confidence to construct its related noun forms\u2014captio<\/b>, captura<\/b>, captor<\/b>; and then, no doubt, you will spot the connection between those forms and a variety of English words. Soon you will be able to reverse the procedure, predicting the Latin etymon of any English noun that belongs to a familiar type.<\/p>\n

All this verb manipulation will involve one or other of the two key forms that we met in Chapter 9 (\u00a762<\/a>)\u2014the present infinitive and the perfect participle. The PERFECT PARTICIPLE<\/strong> <\/b>is particularly useful as an instrument for creating Latin nouns, either by itself or as a base to which various suffixes may be added. To obtain the base of any Latin perfect participle, just remove the -us <\/b>ending. The Latin perfect participle is actually a 1st and 2nd declension adjective in -us, -a, -um<\/b>. The form mutatus<\/b>, for example, is a verbal derivative that means \u201cchanged\u201d, and it can be used as a pure adjective in phrases such as vir mutatus<\/b>, \u201ca changed man,\u201d or femina mutata<\/b>, \u201ca changed woman.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 10: Turning Latin Verbs into Latin Nouns","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-727","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":586,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1889,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/727\/revisions\/1889"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/586"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/727\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=727"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=727"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}