\r\nagere<\/strong>, actus<\/strong> (\u201cdo\u201d)<\/td>\r\nactus<\/strong> (\u201ca doing)<\/td>\r\nact <\/em>[footnote] This English word is thought to derive both from the neuter noun actum<\/strong> and the masculine noun actus<\/strong>. The influence of the 4th declension actus<\/strong> is seen in the English adjective actual<\/em> (< actu-alis<\/strong>).[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n(actual<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n\r\ncadere<\/strong>, casus<\/strong> (\u201cfall\u201d)<\/td>\r\ncasus<\/strong> (\u201ca falling\u201d)<\/td>\r\ncase <\/em>[footnote] There are two English homographs of this form; E case<\/em> = \u201ca container\u201d comes from L capsa<\/strong> (whose diminutive capsula<\/strong> is the source of capsule<\/em>).[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n(casual<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n\r\ncens\u0113re<\/strong>, census<\/strong> (\u201creckon\u201d)<\/td>\r\ncensus<\/strong> (\u201ca reckoning\u201d)<\/td>\r\ncensus<\/em><\/td>\r\n| <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n | \r\nducere, ductus <\/strong>(\u201clead\u201d)<\/td>\r\nductus<\/strong> (\u201ca leading\u201d)<\/td>\r\nduct<\/em><\/td>\r\n| <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n | \r\nexire<\/strong>, exitus<\/strong> (\u201cgo out\u201d)<\/td>\r\nexitus<\/strong> (\u201ca going out\u201d)<\/td>\r\nexit<\/em><\/td>\r\n| <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n | \r\nlabi<\/strong>, lapsus<\/strong> (\u201cslip,\u201d \u201cslide\u201d)<\/td>\r\nlapsus<\/strong> (\u201ca slipping\u201d)<\/td>\r\nlapse<\/em><\/td>\r\n| <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n | \r\nsentire, sensus <\/strong>(\u201cfeel\u201d)<\/td>\r\nsensus<\/strong> (\u201ca feeling\u201d)<\/td>\r\nsense<\/em><\/td>\r\n(sensual<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n\r\nstare<\/strong>, status<\/strong> (\u201cstand\u201d)<\/td>\r\nstatus<\/strong> (\u201ca standing\u201d)<\/td>\r\nstatus, state<\/em><\/td>\r\n| <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n | \r\ntrahere, tractus <\/strong>(\u201cdrag\u201d)<\/td>\r\ntractus<\/strong> (\u201ca dragging\u201d)<\/td>\r\ntract<\/em><\/td>\r\n| <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n | \r\nuti<\/strong>, usus<\/strong> (\u201cuse\u201d)<\/td>\r\nusus<\/strong> (\u201ca using\u201d)<\/td>\r\nuse<\/em><\/td>\r\n| (usual<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nSeveral forms of this type, with prefixes attached, have come into English completely unchanged. We have already seen that a consensus<\/i> is \u201ca shared feeling.\u201d What are the etymological meanings of conspectus<\/i> and prospectus<\/i>? <\/i>(Like status<\/i> and state<\/i>, prospectus<\/i> and prospect<\/i> are English doublets.) Convent<\/i> and congress<\/i> come from the semantically similar Latin nouns conventus<\/b> and congressus<\/b>.","rendered":" Just as Latin could turn the neuter (-um<\/b>) form of the perfect participle into a 2nd declension noun, so could it convert the masculine (-us<\/b>) form into a regular 4th declension noun. There was originally a contrast between these two, in that the neuter noun was felt to be concrete and the masculine somewhat more abstract; but that contrast is often hard to discern in practice. These fourth declension nouns look exactly like the perfect participle\u2014sensus<\/b>, ductus<\/b>, tractus<\/b>, etc. They are quite numerous, and easy to identify.<\/p>\n Here is a sampling of 4th declension Latin nouns that were derived from perfect participles of verbs. Some of them come from verbs that we met in the last chapter, while others will be less familiar:<\/p>\n \n\n\n| LATIN VERB<\/td>\n | LATIN NOUN<\/td>\n | ENG. NOUN<\/td>\n | (ADJ.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nagere<\/strong>, actus<\/strong> (\u201cdo\u201d)<\/td>\nactus<\/strong> (\u201ca doing)<\/td>\n| act <\/em> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |