{"id":749,"date":"2016-07-30T14:01:26","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T18:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=749"},"modified":"2016-11-30T14:19:19","modified_gmt":"2016-11-30T19:19:19","slug":"%c2%a779-turning-diminutive-nouns-into-verbs","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a779-turning-diminutive-nouns-into-verbs\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a779. Turning Diminutive Nouns into Verbs","rendered":"\u00a779. Turning Diminutive Nouns into Verbs"},"content":{"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">By way of a postscript to this chapter, notice how Latin could make denominative verbs out of the \u201clittle\u201d nouns that we met in Chapter 7 (<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a752-what-is-a-diminutive\/\">\u00a752<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a753-the-regular-latin-diminutive-suffixes-ulus-and-culus\/\">\u00a753<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a754-the-variant-latin-diminutive-suffixes-olus-and-ellus\/\">\u00a754<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a756-interesting-words\/\">\u00a756<\/a>). Once <b>forma<\/b> (\u201cshape\u201d) had been diminished to <b>formula<\/b> (\u201clittle shape\u201d), there could be a verb <b>formul-are<\/b>, <b>formulatus<\/b>\u2014whence English <i>formulate<\/i> and <i>formulation<\/i>. Similarly, <b>circulus<\/b> (<b>&lt; circus<\/b>) produced <b>circul-are<\/b>, <b>circul-atus<\/b>, English <i>circ<\/i><i>ulate<\/i> and <i>circulation<\/i>. From <b>unda<\/b> (\u201cwave\u201d) came the diminutive <b>undula<\/b> (\u201clittle wave\u201d); to <i>undulate<\/i> is \u201cto make little waves\u201d\u2014a synonym of <i>fluctuate<\/i>. Examine this progression: <b>calx<\/b>, <b>calc-is<\/b> (\u201cstone\u201d) &gt; <b>calc-ulus <\/b>(\u201clittle stone\u201d) &gt; verb <b>calcul-are<\/b>,<b> calcul-atus<\/b> &gt; noun <b>calculat-io<\/b> &gt; E <i>calculation<\/i>. If we are to analyse <i>calculation<\/i>, we should identify and explain each of the elements in <b>calc-ul-at-io<\/b>. Here is an analysis of <i>capitulation<\/i>: &lt; L. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">capitulatio<\/span><b>: <\/b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">capit<\/span><b>-<\/b> (<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">caput<\/span>, \u201chead\u201d) + <b>-<\/b>ul<b>-<\/b> (diminutive suffix) + <b>-<\/b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">at<\/span><b>- <\/b>(perfect participle of denominative verb <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">capitulare<\/span>) + -<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">io<\/span> (noun suffix).<\/p>","rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;text-indent: 36pt\">By way of a postscript to this chapter, notice how Latin could make denominative verbs out of the \u201clittle\u201d nouns that we met in Chapter 7 (<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a752-what-is-a-diminutive\/\">\u00a752<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a753-the-regular-latin-diminutive-suffixes-ulus-and-culus\/\">\u00a753<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a754-the-variant-latin-diminutive-suffixes-olus-and-ellus\/\">\u00a754<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a756-interesting-words\/\">\u00a756<\/a>). Once <b>forma<\/b> (\u201cshape\u201d) had been diminished to <b>formula<\/b> (\u201clittle shape\u201d), there could be a verb <b>formul-are<\/b>, <b>formulatus<\/b>\u2014whence English <i>formulate<\/i> and <i>formulation<\/i>. Similarly, <b>circulus<\/b> (<b>&lt; circus<\/b>) produced <b>circul-are<\/b>, <b>circul-atus<\/b>, English <i>circ<\/i><i>ulate<\/i> and <i>circulation<\/i>. From <b>unda<\/b> (\u201cwave\u201d) came the diminutive <b>undula<\/b> (\u201clittle wave\u201d); to <i>undulate<\/i> is \u201cto make little waves\u201d\u2014a synonym of <i>fluctuate<\/i>. Examine this progression: <b>calx<\/b>, <b>calc-is<\/b> (\u201cstone\u201d) &gt; <b>calc-ulus <\/b>(\u201clittle stone\u201d) &gt; verb <b>calcul-are<\/b>,<b> calcul-atus<\/b> &gt; noun <b>calculat-io<\/b> &gt; E <i>calculation<\/i>. If we are to analyse <i>calculation<\/i>, we should identify and explain each of the elements in <b>calc-ul-at-io<\/b>. Here is an analysis of <i>capitulation<\/i>: &lt; L. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">capitulatio<\/span><b>: <\/b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">capit<\/span><b>&#8211;<\/b> (<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">caput<\/span>, \u201chead\u201d) + <b>&#8211;<\/b>ul<b>&#8211;<\/b> (diminutive suffix) + <b>&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">at<\/span><b>&#8211; <\/b>(perfect participle of denominative verb <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">capitulare<\/span>) + &#8211;<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">io<\/span> (noun suffix).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 11: Turning Latin Nouns into Latin Verbs","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-749","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":587,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1912,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/749\/revisions\/1912"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/587"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/749\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=749"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=749"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}