{"id":754,"date":"2016-07-30T14:05:42","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T18:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&p=754"},"modified":"2016-11-30T14:23:48","modified_gmt":"2016-11-30T19:23:48","slug":"%c2%a781-participial-abstract-nouns-in-ntia-e-nce-or-ncy","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a781-participial-abstract-nouns-in-ntia-e-nce-or-ncy\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a781. Participial Abstract Nouns in -NTIA (> E -nce or -ncy)","rendered":"\u00a781. Participial Abstract Nouns in -NTIA (> E -nce or -ncy)"},"content":{"raw":"

There is another very predictable aspect of Latin present participles that is good to learn at the outset. In the Latin language, abstract nouns were often formed from present participle bases, by the addition of the common suffix -ia<\/b>.[footnote] This will be another category of DEVERBATIVE (= verb-derived) noun, to be added to the various types introduced in Chapter 10<\/a>.[\/footnote] <\/b>If the base patient<\/b>- denoted \u201csuffering\u201d in an adjectival sense\u2014as today a patient<\/i> person is a (long-)suffering person\u2014then the derived noun patient-ia <\/b>denoted the act or state of suffering\u2014English patience<\/i>. Way back in Chapter 2 (\u00a714<\/a>), we saw that Latin -tia<\/b> often evolves into English -ce<\/i>; patience<\/i> is only one of many words to have undergone that change. Thus we can associate the verbal adjective eloquent<\/b>-, \u201cspeaking out\u201d (> E eloquent<\/i>) with its abstract noun eloquentia<\/b> (> E eloquence<\/i>). There is a slightly different phonetic change that sometimes occurs in the transmission to English: the -ntia<\/b> of the abstract noun may become, not -nce<\/i>, but -ncy<\/i>. A good illustration is the Latin noun formed from the present participle constant<\/b>- (\u201cstanding together\u201d)\u2014constantia <\/b>(\u201ca firm stand,\u201d \u201csteadiness\u201d), which comes into English as constancy<\/i>.[footnote] The form Constance<\/em> does exist in English as a woman\u2019s name.[\/footnote] Without the prefix, however, Latin stantia<\/b> was the source of English stance, <\/i>which joins status<\/i>, station<\/i>, and stature<\/i> as yet another abstract noun that means a \u201cstanding.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

To summarize, then, we can expect to find English adjectives in -ant<\/i> or -ent<\/i> that have kept the original base form of Latin present participles, alongside corresponding nouns in -ance <\/i>(-ancy<\/i>) or -ence<\/i> (-ency<\/i>) that are derived from Latin abstract nouns in -ia<\/b>. These patterns are very regular and dependable; once you understand the basic formation of the Latin present participle, you will start recognizing countless English words that come from that source. If you have learned Latin verbs by conjugation type, you may even know whether to spell these English words with an a <\/i>(1st conjugation) or an e<\/i> (all the rest).<\/p>","rendered":"

There is another very predictable aspect of Latin present participles that is good to learn at the outset. In the Latin language, abstract nouns were often formed from present participle bases, by the addition of the common suffix -ia<\/b>.[1]<\/sup><\/a> <\/b>If the base patient<\/b>– denoted \u201csuffering\u201d in an adjectival sense\u2014as today a patient<\/i> person is a (long-)suffering person\u2014then the derived noun patient-ia <\/b>denoted the act or state of suffering\u2014English patience<\/i>. Way back in Chapter 2 (\u00a714<\/a>), we saw that Latin -tia<\/b> often evolves into English -ce<\/i>; patience<\/i> is only one of many words to have undergone that change. Thus we can associate the verbal adjective eloquent<\/b>-, \u201cspeaking out\u201d (> E eloquent<\/i>) with its abstract noun eloquentia<\/b> (> E eloquence<\/i>). There is a slightly different phonetic change that sometimes occurs in the transmission to English: the -ntia<\/b> of the abstract noun may become, not -nce<\/i>, but -ncy<\/i>. A good illustration is the Latin noun formed from the present participle constant<\/b>– (\u201cstanding together\u201d)\u2014constantia <\/b>(\u201ca firm stand,\u201d \u201csteadiness\u201d), which comes into English as constancy<\/i>.[2]<\/sup><\/a> Without the prefix, however, Latin stantia<\/b> was the source of English stance, <\/i>which joins status<\/i>, station<\/i>, and stature<\/i> as yet another abstract noun that means a \u201cstanding.\u201d<\/p>\n

To summarize, then, we can expect to find English adjectives in -ant<\/i> or -ent<\/i> that have kept the original base form of Latin present participles, alongside corresponding nouns in –ance <\/i>(-ancy<\/i>) or –ence<\/i> (-ency<\/i>) that are derived from Latin abstract nouns in -ia<\/b>. These patterns are very regular and dependable; once you understand the basic formation of the Latin present participle, you will start recognizing countless English words that come from that source. If you have learned Latin verbs by conjugation type, you may even know whether to spell these English words with an a <\/i>(1st conjugation) or an e<\/i> (all the rest).<\/p>\n

  1. This will be another category of DEVERBATIVE (= verb-derived) noun, to be added to the various types introduced in Chapter 10<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. The form Constance<\/em> does exist in English as a woman\u2019s name. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 12: Latin Present Participles and Gerundives","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-754","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":751,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1913,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/754\/revisions\/1913"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/751"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/754\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=754"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=754"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}