{"id":756,"date":"2016-07-30T14:06:40","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T18:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&p=756"},"modified":"2017-06-16T17:56:58","modified_gmt":"2017-06-16T21:56:58","slug":"%c2%a782-english-derivatives-from-latin-present-participles","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a782-english-derivatives-from-latin-present-participles\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a782. English Derivatives from Latin Present Participles","rendered":"\u00a782. English Derivatives from Latin Present Participles"},"content":{"raw":"\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\u00a0LATIN VERB\r\n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\u00a0English derivatives from Latin pres. participle in -ant<\/strong>-\/-ent<\/strong>-\/-ient<\/strong>-<\/td>\r\nEnglish derivatives from Latin noun in -antia<\/strong>\/-entia<\/strong>\/-ientia<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
1ST CONJUGATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0portare<\/strong><\/td>\r\nimportant<\/em><\/td>\r\nimportance<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0stare<\/strong><\/td>\r\nconstant, instant, distant, extant<\/em><\/td>\r\nstance, constancy, instance, substance, circumstance<\/em>[footnote] From the Latin noun circum-stant-ia<\/strong> (\u201ca standing around\u201d) came the adjective circum-stant-i-alis<\/strong>, source of the English word circumstantial<\/em>.[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
2ND CONJUGATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0sedere<\/strong><\/td>\r\ndissident, president, resident<\/em><\/td>\r\npresidency, residence<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0tenere<\/strong><\/td>\r\nabstinent, (in)contient, (im)pertinent<\/em><\/td>\r\nabstinence, (in)continence, (im)pertinence<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0videre<\/strong><\/td>\r\nevident, provident (<\/em>= prudent)<\/em><\/td>\r\nevidence, providence (<\/em>= prudence)<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3RD CONJUGATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0agere<\/strong><\/td>\r\nagent, cogent, exigent, intransigent<\/em><\/td>\r\nagency, cogency, exigency<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0cadere<\/strong><\/td>\r\ndecadent, accident(al), incident(al), coincident(al), occident(al)<\/em><\/td>\r\ncadence, decadence, incidence, coincidence<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0cedere<\/strong><\/td>\r\nantecedent, decedent<\/em><\/td>\r\nantecedence, precedence<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0currere<\/strong><\/td>\r\ncurrent, concurrent, recurrent<\/em><\/td>\r\ncurrency, occurrence, recurrence<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0ferre<\/strong><\/td>\r\nafferent, efferent, different, preferent<\/em><\/td>\r\ncircumference, conference, inference, interference, preference, transference<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0ponere<\/strong><\/td>\r\ncomponent, deponent, exponent, opponent, proponent<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0loqui<\/strong><\/td>\r\neloquent, grandiloquent<\/em><\/td>\r\neloquence, grandiloquence<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0sequi<\/strong><\/td>\r\nconsequent, subsequent<\/em><\/td>\r\nsequence, consequence<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
3RD CONJUGATION (I-BASE)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0capere<\/strong><\/td>\r\nincipient, percipient, recipient<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0facere<\/strong><\/td>\r\ndeficient, (co)efficient, proficient, sufficient, abortifacient, rubefacient<\/em><\/td>\r\nefficiency, proficiency, etc.<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0gradi<\/strong><\/td>\r\ngradient, ingredient<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
4TH CONJUGATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0salire<\/strong><\/td>\r\nsalient, resilient<\/em><\/td>\r\nsalience, resilience, resiliency<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0sentire<\/strong><\/td>\r\nsentient<\/em><\/td>\r\nsentience, sentence <\/em>[irreg.]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\u00a0venire<\/strong><\/td>\r\n(in)convenient<\/em><\/td>\r\n(in)convenience<\/em><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

These illustrations of the Latin present participle and its English derivatives have been drawn entirely from the verb vocabulary that you met in Chapter 9<\/a>. In the table, the original Latin forms are not listed, because the English word in -ant<\/i> or -ent<\/i> exactly matches the base form of the Latin present participle. Notice that English derivatives of this type are sometimes used as nouns: agent<\/i> usually means a person<\/span> \u201cdoing\u201d; president<\/i>, a person<\/span> \u201csitting before\u201d (prae-<\/b> + sedere<\/b>). For the most part, however, the participial derivatives in -ant<\/i> or -ent<\/i> continue to be used as English adjectives, and their etymological and dictionary meanings are often surpisingly close. It is very helpful to know that abstinent<\/i> means \u201cholding away from,\u201d and that incontinent<\/i> means (\u201cnot holding together\u201d). If you realize that afferent<\/i> and efferent<\/i> mean \u201cbringing to\u201d and \u201cbringing from\u201d (ad-<\/b> and ex-<\/b> + ferre<\/b>, with assimilation), you won\u2019t confuse those precise neurological terms. The etymological meaning of provident<\/i>, \u201clooking forward,\u201d is exactly what that adjective means today; prudent<\/i> is a doublet\u2014a contraction that goes all the way back to classical Latin. What are the etymological meanings of distant<\/i>, recurrent<\/i>, and inconvenient<\/i>?<\/p>","rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0LATIN VERB
\n<\/strong><\/td>\n		\u00a0English derivatives from Latin pres. participle in –ant<\/strong>-\/-ent<\/strong>-\/-ient<\/strong>–<\/td>\nEnglish derivatives from Latin noun in –antia<\/strong>\/-entia<\/strong>\/-ientia<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1ST CONJUGATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0portare<\/strong><\/td>\nimportant<\/em><\/td>\nimportance<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0stare<\/strong><\/td>\nconstant, instant, distant, extant<\/em><\/td>\nstance, constancy, instance, substance, circumstance<\/em>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2ND CONJUGATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0sedere<\/strong><\/td>\ndissident, president, resident<\/em><\/td>\npresidency, residence<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0tenere<\/strong><\/td>\nabstinent, (in)contient, (im)pertinent<\/em><\/td>\nabstinence, (in)continence, (im)pertinence<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0videre<\/strong><\/td>\nevident, provident (<\/em>= prudent)<\/em><\/td>\nevidence, providence (<\/em>= prudence)<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3RD CONJUGATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0agere<\/strong><\/td>\nagent, cogent, exigent, intransigent<\/em><\/td>\nagency, cogency, exigency<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0cadere<\/strong><\/td>\ndecadent, accident(al), incident(al), coincident(al), occident(al)<\/em><\/td>\ncadence, decadence, incidence, coincidence<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0cedere<\/strong><\/td>\nantecedent, decedent<\/em><\/td>\nantecedence, precedence<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0currere<\/strong><\/td>\ncurrent, concurrent, recurrent<\/em><\/td>\ncurrency, occurrence, recurrence<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0ferre<\/strong><\/td>\nafferent, efferent, different, preferent<\/em><\/td>\ncircumference, conference, inference, interference, preference, transference<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0ponere<\/strong><\/td>\ncomponent, deponent, exponent, opponent, proponent<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0loqui<\/strong><\/td>\neloquent, grandiloquent<\/em><\/td>\neloquence, grandiloquence<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0sequi<\/strong><\/td>\nconsequent, subsequent<\/em><\/td>\nsequence, consequence<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3RD CONJUGATION (I-BASE)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0capere<\/strong><\/td>\nincipient, percipient, recipient<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0facere<\/strong><\/td>\ndeficient, (co)efficient, proficient, sufficient, abortifacient, rubefacient<\/em><\/td>\nefficiency, proficiency, etc.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0gradi<\/strong><\/td>\ngradient, ingredient<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4TH CONJUGATION<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0salire<\/strong><\/td>\nsalient, resilient<\/em><\/td>\nsalience, resilience, resiliency<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0sentire<\/strong><\/td>\nsentient<\/em><\/td>\nsentience, sentence <\/em>[irreg.]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0venire<\/strong><\/td>\n(in)convenient<\/em><\/td>\n(in)convenience<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

These illustrations of the Latin present participle and its English derivatives have been drawn entirely from the verb vocabulary that you met in Chapter 9<\/a>. In the table, the original Latin forms are not listed, because the English word in -ant<\/i> or -ent<\/i> exactly matches the base form of the Latin present participle. Notice that English derivatives of this type are sometimes used as nouns: agent<\/i> usually means a person<\/span> \u201cdoing\u201d; president<\/i>, a person<\/span> \u201csitting before\u201d (prae-<\/b> + sedere<\/b>). For the most part, however, the participial derivatives in -ant<\/i> or –ent<\/i> continue to be used as English adjectives, and their etymological and dictionary meanings are often surpisingly close. It is very helpful to know that abstinent<\/i> means \u201cholding away from,\u201d and that incontinent<\/i> means (\u201cnot holding together\u201d). If you realize that afferent<\/i> and efferent<\/i> mean \u201cbringing to\u201d and \u201cbringing from\u201d (ad-<\/b> and ex-<\/b> + ferre<\/b>, with assimilation), you won\u2019t confuse those precise neurological terms. The etymological meaning of provident<\/i>, \u201clooking forward,\u201d is exactly what that adjective means today; prudent<\/i> is a doublet\u2014a contraction that goes all the way back to classical Latin. What are the etymological meanings of distant<\/i>, recurrent<\/i>, and inconvenient<\/i>?<\/p>\n

  1. From the Latin noun circum-stant-ia<\/strong> (\u201ca standing around\u201d) came the adjective circum-stant-i-alis<\/strong>, source of the English word circumstantial<\/em>. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 12: Latin Present Participles and Gerundives","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-756","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":751,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2100,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/756\/revisions\/2100"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/751"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/756\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=756"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=756"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}