{"id":778,"date":"2016-07-30T14:20:04","date_gmt":"2016-07-30T18:20:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/?post_type=chapter&p=778"},"modified":"2017-06-16T18:08:23","modified_gmt":"2017-06-16T22:08:23","slug":"%c2%a793-compounds-related-to-facere","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/chapter\/%c2%a793-compounds-related-to-facere\/","title":{"raw":"\u00a793. Compounds Related to FACERE","rendered":"\u00a793. Compounds Related to FACERE"},"content":{"raw":"

Of all the verbs used to form Latin compounds, none has been more fruitful than facere<\/b>, which appears in English in such forms as pacific<\/i> (< pac-i-fic-us<\/b>), pacify<\/i> (< pac-i-fic-are<\/b>), and pacification<\/i> (< pac-i-fic-at-io<\/b>). Here the first base is pax<\/b>, pacis<\/b> (\u201cpeace\u201d), so that pacific<\/i> means \u201cpeace-making.\u201d The 1st conjugation verb pacificare<\/b> is a regular denominative from the adjective pacificus<\/b>; the English spelling -fy<\/i> is a legacy of the French -fier. <\/i>English hasn\u2019t many adjectives in -ific<\/i>: terrific<\/i> (< terror<\/b>, \u201cfright\u201d), horrific<\/i> (< horror<\/b>, \u201cshudder\u201d), honorific<\/i> (< honor<\/b>, \u201chonour\u201d), beatific<\/i> (< beatus<\/b>, \u201cblessed\u201d), soporific<\/i> (< sopor<\/b>, \u201csleep\u201d), prolific<\/i> (< proles<\/b>, \u201coffspring\u201d), and scientific<\/i> (< scientia<\/b>, \u201cknowledge\u201d). We could easily produce a longer list of words in -fy,<\/i> most of which have corresponding abstract nouns in -fication<\/i>. In the following sample, notice that the compound may begin with a noun or an adjective; notice also the CONNECTING VOWEL.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
LATIN NOUN or ADJ.<\/td>\r\nfic-<\/strong> COMPOUND<\/td>\r\nE DERIV.<\/td>\r\nABSTRACT NOUN<\/td>\r\nE DERIV.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
deus<\/b> (\u201cgod\u201d)<\/td>\r\nde-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\r\ndeify<\/i><\/td>\r\nde-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\r\ndeification<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
ramus <\/b>(\u201cbranch\u201d)<\/td>\r\nram-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\r\nramify<\/i><\/td>\r\nram-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/b><\/td>\r\nramification<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
os<\/b>, ossis <\/b>(\u201cbone\u201d)<\/td>\r\noss-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\r\nossify<\/i><\/td>\r\noss-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\r\nossification<\/i>
<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
clarus <\/b>(\u201cclear\u201d)<\/td>\r\nclar-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\r\nclarify<\/i><\/td>\r\nclar-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\r\nclarification<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
verus<\/b> (\u201ctrue\u201d)<\/td>\r\nver-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\r\nverify<\/i><\/td>\r\nver-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\r\nverification<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
mollis<\/b> (\u201csoft\u201d)<\/td>\r\nmoll-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\r\nmollify<\/i><\/td>\r\nmoll-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\r\nmollification<\/i><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nOur list would include magnify, rectify, justify, stultify,<\/i> ratify, nullify, modify, petrify, calcify, <\/i>and personify.<\/i> The last word has a comic-opera doublet. On capturing the maiden daughters of Major-General Stanley, W.S. Gilbert\u2019s Pirates of Penzance sing out in glee:\r\n
\r\n

You shall quickly be parsonified<\/i>,
Conjugally matrimonified,
By a doctor of divinity
Who is located in this vicinity.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\nFrom Latin significare<\/b> (E signify<\/i>) is derived the present participle significant<\/i>.[footnote] If you remember the -fic-<\/strong>, you\u2019ll never misspell this word as \u201csignifigant\u201d\u2014a persistent student error.[\/footnote]\r\n

Several unusual English -fy <\/i>verbs come from Latin compounds in -facere<\/b>, <\/b>-factus<\/b>. Thus satisfy <\/i>(L satis-facere<\/b>, \u201cto make enough\u201d), satisfaction<\/i> (L satis-fact-io<\/b>); putrefy <\/i>(L putre-facere<\/b>, \u201cto make rotten\u201d), putrefaction<\/i>; and liquefy <\/i>(L lique-facere<\/b>, \u201cto make liquid\u201d), liquefaction.<\/i>[footnote] Though it seems a spelling quirk, the -e-<\/em> in putrefy<\/em> and liquefy<\/em> is a 2nd conjugation stem vowel.[\/footnote] <\/i>The present participle liquefacient <\/i>joins <\/i>others of its type in \u00a782<\/a>: rubefacient<\/i> (\u201cmaking red\u201d), tumefacient<\/i> (\u201cmaking swollen\u201d), and abortifacient<\/i> (\u201cproducing abortion\u201d)\u2014a modern medical coinage.<\/p>\r\n

Before fleeing the fertile field of facere<\/b>, we must tip our caps to some Latin compound nouns: sacr-i-fic-ium <\/b>(E sacrifice<\/i>), art-i-fic-ium<\/b> (E artifice<\/i>), and or-i-fic-ium<\/b> (E orifice<\/i>), \u201ca mouth-making.\u201d We can also salute bene-fact-or<\/b> and its antonym male-fact-or<\/b>, along with art-i-fact<\/i> and manufacture<\/i> (L man<\/b>\u016b<\/strong>-fact<\/b>-ura<\/b>, \u201cmaking by hand\u201d). English has two related nouns benefit<\/i> (< bene-fact-um<\/b>) and benefice<\/i> (< bene-fic-ium<\/b>); the second is the source of beneficial<\/i> (< bene-fic-i-alis<\/b>)\u2014cf. sacrificial<\/i> and artificial<\/i>.<\/p>","rendered":"

Of all the verbs used to form Latin compounds, none has been more fruitful than facere<\/b>, which appears in English in such forms as pacific<\/i> (< pac-i-fic-us<\/b>), pacify<\/i> (< pac-i-fic-are<\/b>), and pacification<\/i> (< pac-i-fic-at-io<\/b>). Here the first base is pax<\/b>, pacis<\/b> (\u201cpeace\u201d), so that pacific<\/i> means \u201cpeace-making.\u201d The 1st conjugation verb pacificare<\/b> is a regular denominative from the adjective pacificus<\/b>; the English spelling -fy<\/i> is a legacy of the French -fier. <\/i>English hasn\u2019t many adjectives in -ific<\/i>: terrific<\/i> (< terror<\/b>, \u201cfright\u201d), horrific<\/i> (< horror<\/b>, \u201cshudder\u201d), honorific<\/i> (< honor<\/b>, \u201chonour\u201d), beatific<\/i> (< beatus<\/b>, \u201cblessed\u201d), soporific<\/i> (< sopor<\/b>, \u201csleep\u201d), prolific<\/i> (< proles<\/b>, \u201coffspring\u201d), and scientific<\/i> (< scientia<\/b>, \u201cknowledge\u201d). We could easily produce a longer list of words in -fy,<\/i> most of which have corresponding abstract nouns in -fication<\/i>. In the following sample, notice that the compound may begin with a noun or an adjective; notice also the CONNECTING VOWEL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
LATIN NOUN or ADJ.<\/td>\nfic-<\/strong> COMPOUND<\/td>\nE DERIV.<\/td>\nABSTRACT NOUN<\/td>\nE DERIV.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
deus<\/b> (\u201cgod\u201d)<\/td>\nde-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\ndeify<\/i><\/td>\nde-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\ndeification<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ramus <\/b>(\u201cbranch\u201d)<\/td>\nram-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\nramify<\/i><\/td>\nram-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/b><\/td>\nramification<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
os<\/b>, ossis <\/b>(\u201cbone\u201d)<\/td>\noss-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\nossify<\/i><\/td>\noss-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\nossification<\/i>
<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
clarus <\/b>(\u201cclear\u201d)<\/td>\nclar-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\nclarify<\/i><\/td>\nclar-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\nclarification<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
verus<\/b> (\u201ctrue\u201d)<\/td>\nver-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\nverify<\/i><\/td>\nver-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\nverification<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mollis<\/b> (\u201csoft\u201d)<\/td>\nmoll-i-fic-are<\/b><\/td>\nmollify<\/i><\/td>\nmoll-i-fic-at-io<\/b><\/td>\nmollification<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Our list would include magnify, rectify, justify, stultify,<\/i> ratify, nullify, modify, petrify, calcify, <\/i>and personify.<\/i> The last word has a comic-opera doublet. On capturing the maiden daughters of Major-General Stanley, W.S. Gilbert\u2019s Pirates of Penzance sing out in glee:<\/p>\n

\n

You shall quickly be parsonified<\/i>,
Conjugally matrimonified,
By a doctor of divinity
Who is located in this vicinity.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

From Latin significare<\/b> (E signify<\/i>) is derived the present participle significant<\/i>.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Several unusual English -fy <\/i>verbs come from Latin compounds in -facere<\/b>, <\/b>–factus<\/b>. Thus satisfy <\/i>(L satis-facere<\/b>, \u201cto make enough\u201d), satisfaction<\/i> (L satis-fact-io<\/b>); putrefy <\/i>(L putre-facere<\/b>, \u201cto make rotten\u201d), putrefaction<\/i>; and liquefy <\/i>(L lique-facere<\/b>, \u201cto make liquid\u201d), liquefaction.<\/i>[2]<\/sup><\/a> <\/i>The present participle liquefacient <\/i>joins <\/i>others of its type in \u00a782<\/a>: rubefacient<\/i> (\u201cmaking red\u201d), tumefacient<\/i> (\u201cmaking swollen\u201d), and abortifacient<\/i> (\u201cproducing abortion\u201d)\u2014a modern medical coinage.<\/p>\n

Before fleeing the fertile field of facere<\/b>, we must tip our caps to some Latin compound nouns: sacr-i-fic-ium <\/b>(E sacrifice<\/i>), art-i-fic-ium<\/b> (E artifice<\/i>), and or-i-fic-ium<\/b> (E orifice<\/i>), \u201ca mouth-making.\u201d We can also salute bene-fact-or<\/b> and its antonym male-fact-or<\/b>, along with art-i-fact<\/i> and manufacture<\/i> (L man<\/b>\u016b<\/strong>-fact<\/b>-ura<\/b>, \u201cmaking by hand\u201d). English has two related nouns benefit<\/i> (< bene-fact-um<\/b>) and benefice<\/i> (< bene-fic-ium<\/b>); the second is the source of beneficial<\/i> (< bene-fic-i-alis<\/b>)\u2014cf. sacrificial<\/i> and artificial<\/i>.<\/p>\n

  1. If you remember the -fic-<\/strong>, you\u2019ll never misspell this word as \u201csignifigant\u201d\u2014a persistent student error. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. Though it seems a spelling quirk, the -e-<\/em> in putrefy<\/em> and liquefy<\/em> is a 2nd conjugation stem vowel. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 14: Compound Words in Latin","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-778","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":589,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/778\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2104,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/778\/revisions\/2104"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/589"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/778\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=778"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}