The verb agere<\/b> (\u201cdo\u201d or \u201cdrive\u201d) has a set of well-disguised compounds. Here the original verb root has been reduced to -ig-<\/b>, as in navigate<\/i> (nav-ig-atus<\/b>) and navigation<\/i> < nav-ig-at-io<\/b> < navis<\/b> + agere<\/b>, \u201cship-driving.\u201d From lis, litis<\/b> (\u201clawsuit\u201d) came lit-ig-are <\/b>(E litigate<\/i>, liti<\/i>gant<\/i>) and lit-ig-i-osus<\/b> (E litigious<\/i>). So fumus<\/b> > fumigate<\/i> (\u201cdrive smoke\u201d), and castus<\/b> > castigate<\/i> (\u201cdrive pure\u201d; i.e., \u201crebuke,\u201d \u201ccorrect\u201d). Even in Roman antiquity, castigate<\/i> had acquired the force of its English doublets, chasten<\/i> and chastise<\/i>.<\/p>\r\n
From ferre<\/b> (\u201cbring,\u201d \u201cbear\u201d) came English compound derivatives in -fer<\/i> and -ferous<\/i>. We\u2019ve already seen conifer<\/i> (with its adjective coniferous<\/i>). Vociferous<\/i> is \u201cvoice-bringing\u201d; pestiferous<\/i>, \u201cpest-bringing.\u201d The epithet Lucifer<\/b> (\u201cLight-bearer\u201d) was applied to the morning planet Venus long before the name acquired its Satanic connotations. In French, a \u201cmammal\u201d is a mammif<\/i>\u00e8re<\/i> (\u201cbreast-bearer\u201d). A classicist might misread the modern slogan Prolifer (Pro-lifer) <\/i>as prol-i-fer<\/b> <\/i>(\u201cbearer of offspring\u201d), Latin source of the denominative verb proliferate<\/i>. If prolific Pro-lifers proliferate, will they become aware of that highly appropriate coincidence?<\/p>\r\n
In \u00a783<\/a> we met the compounds omn-i-scient<\/i> (\u201call-knowing\u201d) and omn-i-potent<\/i> (\u201call-powerful\u201d). Omn-i-vorous<\/i>, like carn-i<\/i>-vorous<\/i>, derives from vorare <\/b>(\u201ceat,\u201d \u201cdevour\u201d)\u2014source of vorax<\/b> (< E voracious<\/i>), \u00a788<\/a>. The -parous<\/i> part of oviparous<\/i> (L ov-i-par-us<\/b>), \u201cegg-laying,\u201d is the verb par\u0115<\/strong><\/b>re<\/b>, partus<\/b> (\u201cbring forth,\u201d \u201cproduce\u201d). So, too, viviparous<\/i> (L viv-i-par-us<\/b>), \u201cproducing live offspring.\u201d<\/p>\r\n Compounds with bene<\/b>- and male<\/b>- include the antonyms benefactor<\/i> and malefactor<\/i>, discussed under facere<\/b>; benevolent<\/i> (\u201cwell-wishing\u201d) and malevolent<\/i>; benediction<\/i> (\u201cblessing\u201d) and malediction <\/i> (\u201ccurse\u201d).<\/p>","rendered":" The verb agere<\/b> (\u201cdo\u201d or \u201cdrive\u201d) has a set of well-disguised compounds. Here the original verb root has been reduced to -ig-<\/b>, as in navigate<\/i> (nav-ig-atus<\/b>) and navigation<\/i> < nav-ig-at-io<\/b> < navis<\/b> + agere<\/b>, \u201cship-driving.\u201d From lis, litis<\/b> (\u201clawsuit\u201d) came lit-ig-are <\/b>(E litigate<\/i>, liti<\/i>gant<\/i>) and lit-ig-i-osus<\/b> (E litigious<\/i>). So fumus<\/b> > fumigate<\/i> (\u201cdrive smoke\u201d), and castus<\/b> > castigate<\/i> (\u201cdrive pure\u201d; i.e., \u201crebuke,\u201d \u201ccorrect\u201d). Even in Roman antiquity, castigate<\/i> had acquired the force of its English doublets, chasten<\/i> and chastise<\/i>.<\/p>\n From ferre<\/b> (\u201cbring,\u201d \u201cbear\u201d) came English compound derivatives in -fer<\/i> and –ferous<\/i>. We\u2019ve already seen conifer<\/i> (with its adjective coniferous<\/i>). Vociferous<\/i> is \u201cvoice-bringing\u201d; pestiferous<\/i>, \u201cpest-bringing.\u201d The epithet Lucifer<\/b> (\u201cLight-bearer\u201d) was applied to the morning planet Venus long before the name acquired its Satanic connotations. In French, a \u201cmammal\u201d is a mammif<\/i>\u00e8re<\/i> (\u201cbreast-bearer\u201d). A classicist might misread the modern slogan Prolifer (Pro-lifer) <\/i>as prol-i-fer<\/b> <\/i>(\u201cbearer of offspring\u201d), Latin source of the denominative verb proliferate<\/i>. If prolific Pro-lifers proliferate, will they become aware of that highly appropriate coincidence?<\/p>\n In \u00a783<\/a> we met the compounds omn-i-scient<\/i> (\u201call-knowing\u201d) and omn-i-potent<\/i> (\u201call-powerful\u201d). Omn-i-vorous<\/i>, like carn-i<\/i>-vorous<\/i>, derives from vorare <\/b>(\u201ceat,\u201d \u201cdevour\u201d)\u2014source of vorax<\/b> (< E voracious<\/i>), \u00a788<\/a>. The –parous<\/i> part of oviparous<\/i> (L ov-i-par-us<\/b>), \u201cegg-laying,\u201d is the verb par\u0115<\/strong><\/b>re<\/b>, partus<\/b> (\u201cbring forth,\u201d \u201cproduce\u201d). So, too, viviparous<\/i> (L viv-i-par-us<\/b>), \u201cproducing live offspring.\u201d<\/p>\n Compounds with bene<\/b>– and male<\/b>– include the antonyms benefactor<\/i> and malefactor<\/i>, discussed under facere<\/b>; benevolent<\/i> (\u201cwell-wishing\u201d) and malevolent<\/i>; benediction<\/i> (\u201cblessing\u201d) and malediction <\/i> (\u201ccurse\u201d).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"Chapter 14: Compound Words in Latin","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[52],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-780","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":589,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1926,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/780\/revisions\/1926"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/589"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/780\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=780"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=780"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/greeklatinroots\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}