{"id":1400,"date":"2023-03-24T17:33:28","date_gmt":"2023-03-24T21:33:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/?post_type=chapter&p=1400"},"modified":"2025-01-17T17:44:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T22:44:49","slug":"biotin","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/chapter\/biotin\/","title":{"raw":"Biotin (B7)","rendered":"Biotin (B7)"},"content":{"raw":"

The Function of Biotin (B7)<\/h1>\r\nBiotin is required as a coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. It is also required as an enzyme in the synthesis of some nonessential amino acids. A specific enzyme, biotinidase, is required to release biotin from protein so it can be absorbed in the gut. Some bacterial synthesis of biotin occurs in the colon; however, this is not a significant source of biotin.\r\n

Dietary Reference Intakes for Biotin (B7)<\/h2>\r\nBecause there is little information on the requirements for biotin, the Adequate Intakes (AI) is based on the observed dietary intakes in healthy population groups. The AI for different age groups for biotin is listed in Table 9.11 \"Dietary reference intakes for biotin.\"\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Table 9.11: Dietary reference intakes for biotin<\/caption>\r\n
Age Group<\/td>\r\nAI Males and Females mcg\/day)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Infants (0\u20136 months)<\/td>\r\n5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Infants (7\u201312 months)<\/td>\r\n6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Children (1\u20133 years)<\/td>\r\n8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Children (4\u20138 years)<\/td>\r\n12<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Children (9\u201313 years)<\/td>\r\n20<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Adolescents (14\u201318 years)<\/td>\r\n25<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Adults (> 19 years)<\/td>\r\n30<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Data Source: (\"Biotin,\" 2017)<\/span>[footnote]Fact Sheet for Health Professionals: Biotin. National Institute of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Biotin-HealthProfessional\/. Updated October 3, 2017. Accessed November 10, 2017.[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Dietary Sources of Biotin (B7)<\/h2>\r\nBiotin can be found in foods such as eggs, fish, meat, seeds, nuts and certain vegetables. For the biotin content of various foods, see Table 9.12 \"Biotin content of various foods.\"\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Table 9.12: Biotin content of various foods<\/caption>\r\n
Food<\/td>\r\nServing<\/td>\r\nBiotin (mcg)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Beef liver<\/td>\r\n3 oz.<\/td>\r\n30.8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Eggs<\/td>\r\n1 large<\/td>\r\n10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Salmon, canned<\/td>\r\n3 oz.<\/td>\r\n5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Pork chop<\/td>\r\n3 oz.<\/td>\r\n3.8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sunflower seeds<\/td>\r\n\u00bc c.<\/td>\r\n2.6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sweet potato<\/td>\r\n\u00bd c.<\/td>\r\n2.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Almonds<\/td>\r\n\u00bc c.<\/td>\r\n1.5<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Tuna, canned<\/td>\r\n3 oz.<\/td>\r\n0.6<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Broccoli<\/td>\r\n\u00bd c.<\/td>\r\n0.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Banana<\/td>\r\n\u00bd c.<\/td>\r\n0.2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
* Current AI used to determine Percent Daily Value<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Data Source: (\"Biotin,\" 2017)<\/span>[footnote]Fact Sheet for Health Professionals: Biotin. National Institute of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Biotin-HealthProfessional\/. Updated October 3, 2017. Accessed November 10, 2017.[\/footnote] and Biotin, National Institutes of Health [footnote]https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Biotin-HealthProfessional\/[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Consuming Too Little Biotin<\/h2>\r\nBiotin deficiency is rare but can be caused by eating large amounts of egg whites over an extended period of time. This is because a protein in egg whites tightly binds to biotin, making it unavailable for absorption. A rare genetic disease-causing malfunction of the biotinidase enzyme also results in biotin deficiency. Symptoms of biotin deficiency are similar to those of other B vitamins, but may also include hair loss when severe. Other deficiency symptoms include a red, scaly rash around the eyes, nose, and mouth, depression, and hallucinations.\r\n

Consuming Too Much Biotin<\/h2>\r\nThere are no known adverse effects from consuming an excess of biotin.","rendered":"

The Function of Biotin (B7)<\/h1>\n

Biotin is required as a coenzyme in fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. It is also required as an enzyme in the synthesis of some nonessential amino acids. A specific enzyme, biotinidase, is required to release biotin from protein so it can be absorbed in the gut. Some bacterial synthesis of biotin occurs in the colon; however, this is not a significant source of biotin.<\/p>\n

Dietary Reference Intakes for Biotin (B7)<\/h2>\n

Because there is little information on the requirements for biotin, the Adequate Intakes (AI) is based on the observed dietary intakes in healthy population groups. The AI for different age groups for biotin is listed in Table 9.11 “Dietary reference intakes for biotin.”<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 9.11: Dietary reference intakes for biotin<\/caption>\n
Age Group<\/td>\nAI Males and Females mcg\/day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Infants (0\u20136 months)<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Infants (7\u201312 months)<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children (1\u20133 years)<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children (4\u20138 years)<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children (9\u201313 years)<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adolescents (14\u201318 years)<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adults (> 19 years)<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Data Source: (“Biotin,” 2017)<\/span>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Dietary Sources of Biotin (B7)<\/h2>\n

Biotin can be found in foods such as eggs, fish, meat, seeds, nuts and certain vegetables. For the biotin content of various foods, see Table 9.12 “Biotin content of various foods.”<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 9.12: Biotin content of various foods<\/caption>\n
Food<\/td>\nServing<\/td>\nBiotin (mcg)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beef liver<\/td>\n3 oz.<\/td>\n30.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eggs<\/td>\n1 large<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salmon, canned<\/td>\n3 oz.<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pork chop<\/td>\n3 oz.<\/td>\n3.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sunflower seeds<\/td>\n\u00bc c.<\/td>\n2.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sweet potato<\/td>\n\u00bd c.<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Almonds<\/td>\n\u00bc c.<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tuna, canned<\/td>\n3 oz.<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Broccoli<\/td>\n\u00bd c.<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Banana<\/td>\n\u00bd c.<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
* Current AI used to determine Percent Daily Value<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Data Source: (“Biotin,” 2017)<\/span>[2]<\/sup><\/a> and Biotin, National Institutes of Health [3]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Consuming Too Little Biotin<\/h2>\n

Biotin deficiency is rare but can be caused by eating large amounts of egg whites over an extended period of time. This is because a protein in egg whites tightly binds to biotin, making it unavailable for absorption. A rare genetic disease-causing malfunction of the biotinidase enzyme also results in biotin deficiency. Symptoms of biotin deficiency are similar to those of other B vitamins, but may also include hair loss when severe. Other deficiency symptoms include a red, scaly rash around the eyes, nose, and mouth, depression, and hallucinations.<\/p>\n

Consuming Too Much Biotin<\/h2>\n

There are no known adverse effects from consuming an excess of biotin.<\/p>\n

  1. Fact Sheet for Health Professionals: Biotin. National Institute of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Biotin-HealthProfessional\/. Updated October 3, 2017. Accessed November 10, 2017. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. Fact Sheet for Health Professionals: Biotin. National Institute of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Biotin-HealthProfessional\/. Updated October 3, 2017. Accessed November 10, 2017. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Biotin-HealthProfessional\/ ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1806,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1400","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1029,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1806"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2733,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1400\/revisions\/2733"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1029"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1400\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1400"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1400"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}