{"id":225,"date":"2019-12-12T12:58:34","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T17:58:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/chapter\/introduction-7\/"},"modified":"2025-01-14T17:26:47","modified_gmt":"2025-01-14T22:26:47","slug":"introduction-7","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/chapter\/introduction-7\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction","rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1280\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" \/>\r\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h1>Learning Objectives<\/h1>\r\nBy the end of this chapter, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe how proteins differ from carbohydrates and lipids.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe the structure of amino acids and proteins.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe the functions of proteins in the body.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe protein digestion and absorption.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Summarize daily protein requirements<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify good sources of protein<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe the consequences of protein imbalance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nProtein is a vital constituent of all organs in the body and is required to perform a vast variety of functions. Therefore, protein is an essential nutrient that must be consumed in the diet. Indigenous peoples have a rich cultural heritage that values traditional animal protein sources, such as wild meats, which carry deep significance beyond their nutritional content.[footnote]Earle L. Traditional Aboriginal Diets and Health [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nccih.ca\/495\/Traditional_Aboriginal_diets_and_health_.nccih?id=44[\/footnote] For many Indigenous peoples, including those in southern British Columbia, salmon is an essential resource. Before the arrival of European settlers, salmon was a key trade item, which contributed to the economy of the First Nations. [footnote]Accessed on March 7, 2023: https:\/\/www.fnesc.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3.6-Salmon-and-Interconnectedness-1.pdf[\/footnote] [footnote] Accessed on March 7, 2023: http:\/\/traditionalanimalfoods.org\/fish\/searun-fish\/page.aspx?id=6446[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nFish is known to be a complete protein source, meaning all nine essential amino acids are present in the recommended amounts needed. Indigenous peoples prepare and eat salmon in a variety of ways. For example, if caught in the winter, salmon was eaten fresh by people of the Fraser Valley but dried when caught in summer or fall. Similarly, the Coast Salish also consumed dried salmon as an important food source, dipped in oil that was served in clam shells. Salmon was also smoked, and heads were roasted, dried, and used to make a soup. Along the Fraser River, the Coast Salish obtained salmon oil by exposing an entire fish to the sun and allowing it to decay in a container made of wood.[footnote] Accessed on March 7, 2023: http:\/\/traditionalanimalfoods.org\/fish\/searun-fish\/page.aspx?id=6446[\/footnote].\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1278\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1700\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1280\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/karyna-panchenko-1OnuYCARYmc-unsplash-350x263.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h1>Learning Objectives<\/h1>\n<p>By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe how proteins differ from carbohydrates and lipids.<\/li>\n<li>Describe the structure of amino acids and proteins.<\/li>\n<li>Explain the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids.<\/li>\n<li>Describe the functions of proteins in the body.<\/li>\n<li>Describe protein digestion and absorption.<\/li>\n<li>Summarize daily protein requirements<\/li>\n<li>Identify good sources of protein<\/li>\n<li>Describe the consequences of protein imbalance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Protein is a vital constituent of all organs in the body and is required to perform a vast variety of functions. Therefore, protein is an essential nutrient that must be consumed in the diet. Indigenous peoples have a rich cultural heritage that values traditional animal protein sources, such as wild meats, which carry deep significance beyond their nutritional content.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Earle L. Traditional Aboriginal Diets and Health [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nccih.ca\/495\/Traditional_Aboriginal_diets_and_health_.nccih?id=44\" id=\"return-footnote-225-1\" href=\"#footnote-225-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> For many Indigenous peoples, including those in southern British Columbia, salmon is an essential resource. Before the arrival of European settlers, salmon was a key trade item, which contributed to the economy of the First Nations. <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Accessed on March 7, 2023: https:\/\/www.fnesc.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3.6-Salmon-and-Interconnectedness-1.pdf\" id=\"return-footnote-225-2\" href=\"#footnote-225-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Accessed on March 7, 2023: http:\/\/traditionalanimalfoods.org\/fish\/searun-fish\/page.aspx?id=6446\" id=\"return-footnote-225-3\" href=\"#footnote-225-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fish is known to be a complete protein source, meaning all nine essential amino acids are present in the recommended amounts needed. Indigenous peoples prepare and eat salmon in a variety of ways. For example, if caught in the winter, salmon was eaten fresh by people of the Fraser Valley but dried when caught in summer or fall. Similarly, the Coast Salish also consumed dried salmon as an important food source, dipped in oil that was served in clam shells. Salmon was also smoked, and heads were roasted, dried, and used to make a soup. Along the Fraser River, the Coast Salish obtained salmon oil by exposing an entire fish to the sun and allowing it to decay in a container made of wood.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Accessed on March 7, 2023: http:\/\/traditionalanimalfoods.org\/fish\/searun-fish\/page.aspx?id=6446\" id=\"return-footnote-225-4\" href=\"#footnote-225-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1278\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-1536x1020.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-2048x1360.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-225x149.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1850\/2019\/12\/juan-manuel-nunez-mendez-8e3Bu6W_i6I-unsplash-350x232.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"media-attributions clear\" prefix:cc=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/ns#\" prefix:dc=\"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/\"><h2>Media Attributions<\/h2><ul><li about=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/1OnuYCARYmc\"><a rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/1OnuYCARYmc\" property=\"dc:title\">Salmon<\/a>  &copy;  <a rel=\"dc:creator\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@karyna_panchenko\" property=\"cc:attributionName\">Karyna Panchenko<\/a>    is licensed under a  <a rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY (Attribution)<\/a> license<\/li><li about=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/8e3Bu6W_i6I\"><a rel=\"cc:attributionURL\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/8e3Bu6W_i6I\" property=\"dc:title\">A man slicing salmon<\/a>  &copy;  <a rel=\"dc:creator\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@juanmanunez\" property=\"cc:attributionName\">Juan Manuel N\u00fa\u00f1ez M\u00e9ndez<\/a>    is licensed under a  <a rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY (Attribution)<\/a> license<\/li><\/ul><\/div><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-225-1\">Earle L. Traditional Aboriginal Diets and Health [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nccih.ca\/495\/Traditional_Aboriginal_diets_and_health_.nccih?id=44 <a href=\"#return-footnote-225-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-225-2\">Accessed on March 7, 2023: https:\/\/www.fnesc.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3.6-Salmon-and-Interconnectedness-1.pdf <a href=\"#return-footnote-225-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-225-3\"> Accessed on March 7, 2023: http:\/\/traditionalanimalfoods.org\/fish\/searun-fish\/page.aspx?id=6446 <a href=\"#return-footnote-225-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-225-4\"> Accessed on March 7, 2023: http:\/\/traditionalanimalfoods.org\/fish\/searun-fish\/page.aspx?id=6446 <a href=\"#return-footnote-225-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1806,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-225","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-standard"],"part":222,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1806"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2713,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/225\/revisions\/2713"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/222"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/225\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=225"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=225"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}