{"id":347,"date":"2019-12-12T12:59:32","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T17:59:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/chapter\/phosphorus\/"},"modified":"2025-01-23T14:57:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T19:57:07","slug":"phosphorus","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/chapter\/phosphorus\/","title":{"raw":"Phosphorus","rendered":"Phosphorus"},"content":{"raw":"

Role of Phosphorus<\/h1>\r\nPhosphorus is a negatively charged intracellular electrolyte that is present in our bodies as part of a chemical group called a phosphate group. These phosphate groups are essential as a structural component of cell membranes (as phospholipids), DNA and RNA, energy production (ATP), and regulation of fluid balance and acid-base homeostasis.\u00a0 Phosphorus, however, is mostly associated with calcium as a part of the mineral structure of bones and teeth. \u00a0Blood phosphorus levels are not controlled as strictly as blood calcium levels, as the PTH stimulates renal excretion of phosphate so that it does not accumulate to toxic levels.\r\n

Dietary Reference Intakes for Phosphorus<\/h2>\r\nUnlike with calcium, most people are not at risk of a phosphate deficiency. The RDA is 700 milligrams per day. The UL set for phosphorous is 4,000 milligrams per day for adults and 3,000 milligrams per day for people over the age of seventy.\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Table 12.7: Dietary reference intakes for phosphorus<\/caption>\r\n
Age Group<\/td>\r\nRDA (mg\/day)<\/td>\r\nUL (mg\/day)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Infants (0\u20136 months)<\/td>\r\n100*<\/td>\r\n\u2013<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Infants (6\u201312 months)<\/td>\r\n275*<\/td>\r\n\u2013<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Children (1\u20133 years)<\/td>\r\n460<\/td>\r\n3,000<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Children (4\u20138 years)<\/td>\r\n500<\/td>\r\n3,000<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Children (9\u201313 years)<\/td>\r\n1,250<\/td>\r\n4,000<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Adolescents (14\u201318 years)<\/td>\r\n1,250<\/td>\r\n4,000<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Adults (19\u201370 years)<\/td>\r\n700<\/td>\r\n4,000<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Adults (> 70 years)<\/td>\r\n700<\/td>\r\n3,000<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
* denotes Adequate Intake<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Data Source: (Phosphorous,\" 2013)<\/span>[footnote]Micronutrient Information Center: Phosphorus. Oregon State University, Linus Pauling Institute. http:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/minerals\/phosphorus. Updated in July 2013. Accessed October 22, 2017.[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Dietary Sources of Phosphorus<\/h2>\r\nPhosphate is present in many foods popular in the North American diet including meat, fish, dairy products, processed foods, and beverages. Phosphate is added to many foods because it acts as an emulsifying agent, prevents clumping, improves texture and taste, and extends shelf-life.\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Table 12.8: Phosphorus content of various foods<\/caption>\r\n
Foods<\/td>\r\nServing<\/td>\r\nPhosphorus (mg)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Salmon<\/td>\r\n3 oz.<\/td>\r\n315<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Yogurt, nonfat<\/td>\r\n8 oz.<\/td>\r\n306<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Turkey, light meat<\/td>\r\n3 oz.<\/td>\r\n217<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Chicken, light meat<\/td>\r\n3 oz.<\/td>\r\n135<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Beef<\/td>\r\n3 oz.<\/td>\r\n179<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Lentils*<\/td>\r\n\u00bd c.<\/td>\r\n178<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Almonds*<\/td>\r\n1 oz.<\/td>\r\n136<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Mozzarella<\/td>\r\n1 oz.<\/td>\r\n131<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Peanuts*<\/td>\r\n1 oz.<\/td>\r\n108<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Whole wheat bread<\/td>\r\n1 slice<\/td>\r\n68<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Egg<\/td>\r\n1 large<\/td>\r\n86<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Carbonated cola drink<\/td>\r\n12 oz.<\/td>\r\n41<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bread, enriched<\/td>\r\n1 slice<\/td>\r\n25<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Data Source: (Phosphorous,\" 2013)<\/span>[footnote]Micronutrient Information Center: Phosphorus. Oregon State University, Linus Pauling Institute. http:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/minerals\/phosphorus. Updated in July 2013. Accessed October 22, 2017.[\/footnote]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Consuming Too Little Phosphorus<\/h2>\r\nPhosphorus deficiency is rare, however, those who suffer from alcoholism, premature infants, the elderly with a poor diet, and those with a vitamin D deficiency may be at risk of low blood phosphorus levels.\r\n

Consuming Too Much Phosphorus<\/h2>\r\nPhosphorus toxicity is rare, however, those with kidney disease or those who are taking too many vitamin D supplements or phosphorus-containing antacids may be at risk. Very high blood levels of phosphorus can result in muscle spasms and convulsions.\r\n

Phosphorus and Soft Drinks<\/h2>\r\nSoft drinks contain a high amount of phosphoric acid and excessive intake of phosphoric acid may\u00a0 affect calcium metabolism which in conjunction with low calcium intake could result in decreased bone density, osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. [footnote]Ahn and Parks., 2021. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J May 5;20(1):41. doi: 10.1186\/s12937-021-00698-1. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33952276\/[\/footnote] [footnote]Chen, L. et al., 2020 High Consumption of Soft Drinks Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Fracture: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients Feb 19;12(2):530. doi: 10.3390\/nu12020530 https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7071508\/[\/footnote]","rendered":"

Role of Phosphorus<\/h1>\n

Phosphorus is a negatively charged intracellular electrolyte that is present in our bodies as part of a chemical group called a phosphate group. These phosphate groups are essential as a structural component of cell membranes (as phospholipids), DNA and RNA, energy production (ATP), and regulation of fluid balance and acid-base homeostasis.\u00a0 Phosphorus, however, is mostly associated with calcium as a part of the mineral structure of bones and teeth. \u00a0Blood phosphorus levels are not controlled as strictly as blood calcium levels, as the PTH stimulates renal excretion of phosphate so that it does not accumulate to toxic levels.<\/p>\n

Dietary Reference Intakes for Phosphorus<\/h2>\n

Unlike with calcium, most people are not at risk of a phosphate deficiency. The RDA is 700 milligrams per day. The UL set for phosphorous is 4,000 milligrams per day for adults and 3,000 milligrams per day for people over the age of seventy.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 12.7: Dietary reference intakes for phosphorus<\/caption>\n
Age Group<\/td>\nRDA (mg\/day)<\/td>\nUL (mg\/day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Infants (0\u20136 months)<\/td>\n100*<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Infants (6\u201312 months)<\/td>\n275*<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children (1\u20133 years)<\/td>\n460<\/td>\n3,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children (4\u20138 years)<\/td>\n500<\/td>\n3,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children (9\u201313 years)<\/td>\n1,250<\/td>\n4,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adolescents (14\u201318 years)<\/td>\n1,250<\/td>\n4,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adults (19\u201370 years)<\/td>\n700<\/td>\n4,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adults (> 70 years)<\/td>\n700<\/td>\n3,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
* denotes Adequate Intake<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Data Source: (Phosphorous,” 2013)<\/span>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Dietary Sources of Phosphorus<\/h2>\n

Phosphate is present in many foods popular in the North American diet including meat, fish, dairy products, processed foods, and beverages. Phosphate is added to many foods because it acts as an emulsifying agent, prevents clumping, improves texture and taste, and extends shelf-life.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Table 12.8: Phosphorus content of various foods<\/caption>\n
Foods<\/td>\nServing<\/td>\nPhosphorus (mg)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salmon<\/td>\n3 oz.<\/td>\n315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yogurt, nonfat<\/td>\n8 oz.<\/td>\n306<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turkey, light meat<\/td>\n3 oz.<\/td>\n217<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chicken, light meat<\/td>\n3 oz.<\/td>\n135<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Beef<\/td>\n3 oz.<\/td>\n179<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lentils*<\/td>\n\u00bd c.<\/td>\n178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Almonds*<\/td>\n1 oz.<\/td>\n136<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mozzarella<\/td>\n1 oz.<\/td>\n131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peanuts*<\/td>\n1 oz.<\/td>\n108<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Whole wheat bread<\/td>\n1 slice<\/td>\n68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Egg<\/td>\n1 large<\/td>\n86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbonated cola drink<\/td>\n12 oz.<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bread, enriched<\/td>\n1 slice<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Data Source: (Phosphorous,” 2013)<\/span>[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Consuming Too Little Phosphorus<\/h2>\n

Phosphorus deficiency is rare, however, those who suffer from alcoholism, premature infants, the elderly with a poor diet, and those with a vitamin D deficiency may be at risk of low blood phosphorus levels.<\/p>\n

Consuming Too Much Phosphorus<\/h2>\n

Phosphorus toxicity is rare, however, those with kidney disease or those who are taking too many vitamin D supplements or phosphorus-containing antacids may be at risk. Very high blood levels of phosphorus can result in muscle spasms and convulsions.<\/p>\n

Phosphorus and Soft Drinks<\/h2>\n

Soft drinks contain a high amount of phosphoric acid and excessive intake of phosphoric acid may\u00a0 affect calcium metabolism which in conjunction with low calcium intake could result in decreased bone density, osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. [3]<\/sup><\/a> [4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

  1. Micronutrient Information Center: Phosphorus. Oregon State University, Linus Pauling Institute. http:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/minerals\/phosphorus. Updated in July 2013. Accessed October 22, 2017. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. Micronutrient Information Center: Phosphorus. Oregon State University, Linus Pauling Institute. http:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/minerals\/phosphorus. Updated in July 2013. Accessed October 22, 2017. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. Ahn and Parks., 2021. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J May 5;20(1):41. doi: 10.1186\/s12937-021-00698-1. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33952276\/ ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. Chen, L. et al., 2020 High Consumption of Soft Drinks Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Fracture: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients Feb 19;12(2):530. doi: 10.3390\/nu12020530 https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7071508\/ ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1806,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-347","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-standard","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":1031,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1806"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2782,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/347\/revisions\/2782"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1031"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/347\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=347"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=347"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/humannutrition\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}