Appendix
Appendix B – Selected Standard Reduction Potentials in Aqueous Solutions
| \[ \ce{Sm^{2+} + 2e^- -> Sm} \] |
-3.12 | \[ \ce{Pb^{2+} + 2e^- -> Pb} \] |
-0.13 |
| \[ \ce{Li^+ + e^- -> Li} \] |
-3.05 | \[ \ce{O2 + H2O + 2e^- -> HO2^- + OH^-} \] |
-0.08 |
| \[ \ce{K^+ + e^- -> K} \] |
-2.93 | \[ \ce{Fe^{3+} + 3e^- -> Fe} \] |
-0.04 |
| \[ \ce{Rb^+ + e^- -> Rb} \] |
-2.93 | \[ \ce{Ti^{4+} + e^- -> Ti^{3+}} \] |
0.00 |
| \[ \ce{Cs^+ + e^- -> Cs} \] |
-2.92 | \[ \ce{2H^+ + 2e^- -> H2} \] |
0 |
| \[ \ce{Ra^{2+} + 2e^- -> Ra} \] |
-2.92 | \[ \ce{AgBr + e^- -> Ag + Br^-} \] |
0.07 |
| \[ \ce{Ba^{2+} + 2e^- -> Ba} \] |
-2.91 | \[ \ce{Sn^{4+} + 2e^- -> Sn^{2+}} \] |
0.15 |
| \[ \ce{Sr^{2+} + 2e^- -> Sr} \] |
-2.89 | \[ \ce{Cu^{2+} + e^- -> Cu^+} \] |
0.16 |
| \[ \ce{Ca^{2+} + 2e^- -> Ca} \] |
-2.87 | \[ \ce{Bi^{3+} + 3e^- -> Bi} \] |
0.20 |
| \[ \ce{Na^+ + e^- -> Na} \] |
-2.71 | \[ \ce{AgCl + e^- -> Ag + Cl^-} \] |
0.2223 |
| \[ \ce{La^{3+} + 3e^- -> La} \] |
-2.52 | \[ \ce{Hg2Cl2 + 2e^- -> 2Hg + 2Cl^-} \] |
0.27 |
| \[ \ce{Ce^{3+} + 3e^- -> Ce} \] |
-2.48 | \[ \ce{Cu^{2+} + 2e^- -> Cu} \] |
0.34 |
| \[ \ce{Mg^{2+} + 2e^- -> Mg} \] |
-2.36 | \[ \ce{O2 + 2H2O + 4e^- -> 4OH^-} \] |
0.40 |
| \[ \ce{Be^{2+} + 2e^- -> Be} \] |
-1.85 | \[ \ce{NiOOH + H2O + e^- -> Ni(OH)2 + OH^-} \] |
0.49 |
| \[ \ce{U^{3+} + 3e^- -> U} \] |
-1.79 | \[ \ce{Cu^+ + e^- -> Cu} \] |
0.52 |
| \[ \ce{Al^{3+} + 3e^- -> Al} \] |
-1.66 | \[ \ce{I3^- + 2e^- -> 3I^-} \] |
0.53 |
| \[ \ce{Ti^{2+} + 2e^- -> Ti} \] |
-1.63 | \[ \ce{I2 + 2e^- -> 2I^-} \] |
0.54 |
| \[ \ce{V^{2+} + 2e^- -> V} \] |
-1.19 | \[ \ce{Hg2SO4 + 2e^- -> 2Hg + SO4^{2-}} \] |
0.62 |
| \[ \ce{Mn^{2+} + 2e^- -> Mn} \] |
-1.18 | \[ \ce{Fe^{3+} + e^- -> Fe^{2+}} \] |
0.77 |
| \[ \ce{Cr^{2+} + 2e^- -> Cr} \] |
-0.91 | \[ \ce{AgF + e^- -> Ag + F^-} \] |
0.78 |
| \[ \ce{Fe(OH)2 + 2e^- -> Fe + 2OH^-} \] |
-0.88 | \[ \ce{Hg2^{2+} + 2e^- -> 2Hg} \] |
0.79 |
| \[ \ce{2H2O + 2e^- -> H2 + 2OH^-} \] |
-0.83 | \[ \ce{Ag^+ + e^- -> Ag} \] |
0.80 |
| \[ \ce{Cd(OH)2 + 2e^- -> Cd + 2OH^-} \] |
-0.81 | \[ \ce{2Hg^{2+} + 2e^- -> Hg2^{2+}} \] |
0.92 |
| \[ \ce{Zn^{2+} + 2e^- -> Zn} \] |
-0.76 | \[ \ce{Pu^{4+} + e^- -> Pu^{3+}} \] |
0.97 |
| \[ \ce{Cr^{3+} + e^- -> Cr^{2+}} \] |
-0.74 | \[ \ce{Br2 + 2e^- -> 2Br^-} \] |
1.09 |
| \[ \ce{U^{4+} + e^- -> U^{3+}} \] |
-0.61 | \[ \ce{Pt^{2+} + 2e^- -> Pt} \] |
1.20 |
| \[ \ce{O2 + e^- -> O2^-} \] |
-0.56 | \[ \ce{MnO2 + 4H^+ + 2e^- -> Mn^{2+} + 2H2O} \] |
1.23 |
| \[ \ce{In^{3+} + e^- -> In^{2+}} \] |
-0.49 | \[ \ce{O2 + 4H^+ + 4e^- -> 2H2O} \] |
1.23 |
| \[ \ce{S + 2e^- -> S^{2-}} \] |
-0.48 | \[ \ce{Cr2O7^{2-} + 14H^+ + 6e^- -> 2Cr^{3+} + 7H2O} \] |
1.23 |
| \[ \ce{In^{3+} + 2e^- -> In^+} \] |
-0.44 | \[ \ce{Cl2 + 2e^- -> 2Cl^-} \] |
1.36 |
| \[ \ce{Fe^{2+} + 2e^- -> Fe} \] |
-0.44 | \[ \ce{Au^{3+} + 3e^- -> Au} \] |
1.40 |
| \[ \ce{Cr^{3+} + e^- -> Cr^{2+}} \] |
-0.41 | \[ \ce{Mn^{3+} + e^- -> Mn^{2+}} \] |
1.51 |
| \[ \ce{Cd^{2+} + 2e^- -> Cd} \] |
-0.40 | \[ \ce{MnO4^- + 8H^+ + 5e^- -> Mn^{2+} + 4H2O} \] |
1.51 |
| \[ \ce{In^{2+} + e^- -> In^+} \] |
-0.40 | \[ \ce{Ce^{4+} + e^- -> Ce^{3+}} \] |
1.61 |
| \[ \ce{Ti^{3+} + e^- -> Ti^{2+}} \] |
-0.37 |
\[ |
1.67 |
| \[ \ce{PbSO4 + 2e^- -> Pb + SO4^{2-}} \] |
-0.36 | \[ \ce{Au^{+} + e^- -> Au} \] |
1.69 |
| \[ \ce{In^{3+} + 3e^- -> In} \] |
-0.34 | \[ \ce{Co^{3+} + e^- -> Co^{2+}} \] |
1.81 |
| \[ \ce{Co^{2+} + 2e^- -> Co} \] |
-0.28 | \[ \ce{Ag^{2+} + e^- -> Ag^+} \] |
1.98 |
| \[ \ce{V^{3+} + e^- -> V^{2+}} \] |
-0.26 | \[ \ce{S2O8^{2-} + 2e^- -> 2SO4^{2-}} \] |
2.05 |
| \[ \ce{Ni^{2+} + 2e^- -> Ni} \] |
-0.23 | \[ \ce{F2 + 2e^- -> 2F^-} \] |
2.87 |
| \[ \ce{AgI + e^- -> Ag + I^-} \] |
-0.15 | ||
| \[ \ce{Sn^{2+} + 2e^- -> Sn} \] |
-0.14 | ||
| \[ \ce{In^{+} + e^- -> In^} \] |
-0.14 | ||
| Table 1 – Selected standard reduction potentials in aqueous solutions. The number at the right of each half reaction is its standard reduction potential in volts at 25°. Source: P.W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry ,3rd ed., 1986 |
